Docker 网络命令详解
•docker network create
•docker network connect
•docker network ls
•docker network rm
•docker network disconnect
•docker network inspect
创建网络
zane@zane-V:~$ docker network create simple-network
zane@zane-V:~$ docker network inspect simple-network
{
"Name": "simple-network",
"Id": "8bf58f43c56622d1100f7da9ef6506e45a4aa68556b586311f3756130c311d75",
"Scope": "local",
"Driver": "bridge",
"EnableIPv6": false,
"IPAM": {
"Driver": "default",
"Options": {},
"Config": [
{
"Subnet": "172.20.0.0/16",
"Gateway": "172.20.0.1/16"
}
]
},
"Internal": false,
"Containers": {},
"Options": {},
"Labels": {}
}
•进入一个键值存储。引擎支持Consul,Etcd,ZooKeeper.
•在群集中的每个主机上正确配置的deamon引擎
支持overlay网络的docker选项：
•--cluster-store-opt
使用--subnet选项直接指定子网络，在bridge网络中只可以指定一个子网络，而在overlay网络中支持多个子网络。
除了--subnet,还可以指定：--gateway,--ip-range,--aux-address选项。
$ docker network create -d overlay \
--subnet=192.168.0.0/16 \
--subnet=192.170.0.0/16 \
--gateway=192.168.0.100 \
--gateway=192.170.0.100 \
--ip-range=192.168.1.0/24 \
--aux-address="my-switch=192.168.1.6" \
--aux-address="my-nas=192.170.1.6" \
如何要创建自己定制的网络，docker也是支持很多选项的。
可以指定网络的端口号：
$ docker run -d -P --name redis --network my-network redis
$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
bafb0c808c53 redis "/entrypoint.sh redis" 4 seconds ago Up 3 seconds 172.23.0.1:32770->6379/tcp redis
连接容器
可以连接已存在的容器到一个或者多个网络中。一个容器可以连接到多个不同网络驱动的网络中。
当连接一旦建立，容器便可以可其他的容器通讯，通过IP 或者 容器名称。
基本容器网络实例：
1.创建两个容器,container1 和 container2
$ docker run -itd --name=container1 busybox
$ docker run -itd --name=container2 busybox
zane@zane-V:~$ docker network create -d bridge --subnet 172.25.0.0/16 isolated_nw
3.连接container2到这个网络，然后验证一下：
zane@zane-V:~$ docker network connect isolated_nw container2
zane@zane-V:~$ docker network inspect isolated_nw
{
"Name": "isolated_nw",
"Id": "a8208641505d2d8fc37bf7cbd1027c01f0def461815786e076ef4ae65b7b2f9b",
"Scope": "local",
"Driver": "bridge",
"EnableIPv6": false,
"IPAM": {
"Driver": "default",
"Options": {},
"Config": [
{
"Subnet": "172.25.0.0/16"
}
]
},
"Internal": false,
"Containers": {
"e9bce535ae32945f5e43340facdb6c16c93d92119e85b61c6cb7a5379a0caf63": {
"Name": "container2",
"EndpointID": "ef7244d32484407c3ec4aa30b7bdb0a6cbe3dbbfedc03e5c856ad20a08af172f",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:19:00:02",
"IPv4Address": "172.25.0.2/16",
"IPv6Address": ""
}
},
"Options": {},
"Labels": {}
}
注意container2，自动分配到了IP地址。此时container1,仍然连接在默认的bridge网络。
4.启动第三个container，但是这是使用--ip 选项指定它的IP地址，
zane@zane-V:~$ docker run --network=isolated_nw --ip=172.25.3.3 -itd --name=container3 busybox
5.检查container3使用的是哪个网络：
"Networks": {
"isolated_nw": {
"IPAMConfig": {
"IPv4Address": "172.25.3.3"
},
"Links": null,
"Aliases": [
"adf68dd9e09c"
],
"NetworkID": "a8208641505d2d8fc37bf7cbd1027c01f0def461815786e076ef4ae65b7b2f9b",
"EndpointID": "71d5d272d056b6111a83f0843a10d1944f1648f34d5099258d5865d053a939b0",
"Gateway": "172.25.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.25.3.3",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:19:03:03"
}
}
}
6.检查container2使用的是哪个网络：
"Networks": {
"isolated_nw": {
"Aliases": [
"e9bce535ae32"
],
"EndpointID": "ef7244d32484407c3ec4aa30b7bdb0a6cbe3dbbfedc03e5c856ad20a08af172f",
"Gateway": "172.25.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAMConfig": {},
"IPAddress": "172.25.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"Links": null,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:19:00:02",
"NetworkID": "a8208641505d2d8fc37bf7cbd1027c01f0def461815786e076ef4ae65b7b2f9b"
}
},
注意:container2 在两个网络中间，它加入了默认bridge网络，当你在创建它的时候，然后又连接它到了isolation_nw.
一个容器可以连接到多个网络中
7.使用docker attach 命令连接一个正在运行的容器，然后查看
zane@zane-V:~$ docker attach container2
/ # ifconfig -a
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:42:AC:19:00:02
inet addr:172.25.0.2 Bcast:0.0.0.0 Mask:255.255.0.0
inet6 addr: fe80::42:acff:fe19:2/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:86 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:11780 (11.5 KiB) TX bytes:648 (648.0 B)
eth2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:42:AC:11:00:03
inet addr:172.17.0.3 Bcast:0.0.0.0 Mask:255.255.0.0
inet6 addr: fe80::42:acff:fe11:3/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:23 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:3809 (3.7 KiB) TX bytes:648 (648.0 B)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
8.可以通过容器名称来相互连接
/ # ping -w 4 container3
PING container3 (172.25.3.3): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 172.25.3.3: seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.077 ms
64 bytes from 172.25.3.3: seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.049 ms
64 bytes from 172.25.3.3: seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.047 ms
64 bytes from 172.25.3.3: seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.054 ms
虽然container1 和 container2 都在bridge网络中，但是他们是不支持 容器名称通信的。
zane@zane-V:~$ docker attach container2
/ # ping container3
PING container3 (172.25.3.3): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 172.25.3.3: seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.042 ms
64 bytes from 172.25.3.3: seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.050 ms
64 bytes from 172.25.3.3: seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.063 ms
--- container3 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 0.042/0.051/0.063 ms
/ # ping -w 4 container1
ping: bad address 'container1'
/ # ping -w 4 172.17.0.2
PING 172.17.0.2 (172.17.0.2): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 172.17.0.2: seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.104 ms
64 bytes from 172.17.0.2: seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.052 ms
64 bytes from 172.17.0.2: seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.127 ms
64 bytes from 172.17.0.2: seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.057 ms
--- 172.17.0.2 ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 4 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 0.052/0.085/0.127 ms
注意退出attach 时，使用ctr-p + ctr-q.
如果使用ctr-d 则会stop container.
zane@zane-V:~$ docker attach container3
/ # ping -w 4 172.17.0.2
PING 172.17.0.2 (172.17.0.2): 56 data bytes
--- 172.17.0.2 ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
上面的实验我们知道，用户自定义的网络，是可以相互解析容器名的，也就是可以用容器名来相互同行。
•定义网络别名 •--link=CONTAINER-NAME:ALIAS
1.断开container2和isolated_nw的连接，然后
zane@zane-V:~$ docker network disconnect isolated_nw container2
zane@zane-V:~$ docker network rm simple-network
•创建网络 •docker network create simple-network
•overlay网络条件 •进入一个键值存储
•支持overlay网络的docker选项 •--cluser-store
•指定子网络，网关，地址范围
•将容器添加到网络中 •docker network connect isolated_nw container2
•连接一个正在运行的容器 •docker attach
•attach 的退出 •ctr p + ctr q
•默认bridge网络不支持，容器名称通信，其他网络支持； •使用link 来支持默认网络的容器名称通信
•断开连接
•docker network disconnect isolated_nw container2
•删除网络
•docker network rm simple-network
•检测网络
•docker network inspect isolated_nw
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