Netty + ZooKeeper 实现简单的服务注册与发现

一. 背景

最近的一个项目:我们的系统接收到上游系统的派单任务后,会推送到指定的门店的相关设备,并进行相应的业务处理。

二. Netty 的使用

在接收到派单任务之后,通过 Netty 推送到指定门店相关的设备。在我们的系统中 Netty 实现了消息推送、长连接以及心跳机制。

2.1 Netty Server 端:

每个 Netty 服务端通过 ConcurrentHashMap 保存了客户端的 clientId 以及它连接的 SocketChannel。

服务器端向客户端发送消息时,只要获取 clientId 对应的 SocketChannel,往 SocketChannel 里写入相应的 message 即可。

EventLoopGroup boss = new NioEventLoopGroup(1);

EventLoopGroup worker = new NioEventLoopGroup();

ServerBootstrap bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();

bootstrap.group(boss, worker)

.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)

.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 128)

.option(ChannelOption.TCP_NODELAY, true)

.childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true)

.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer() {

@Override

protected void initChannel(Channel channel) throws Exception {

ChannelPipeline p = channel.pipeline();

p.addLast(new MessageEncoder());

p.addLast(new MessageDecoder());

p.addLast(new PushServerHandler());

}

});

ChannelFuture future = bootstrap.bind(host,port).sync();

if (future.isSuccess()) {

logger.info("server start...");

}

2.2 Netty Client 端:

客户端用于接收服务端的消息,随即进行业务处理。客户端还有心跳机制,它通过 IdleEvent 事件定时向服务端放送 Ping 消息以此来检测 SocketChannel 是否中断。

public PushClientBootstrap(String host, int port) throws InterruptedException {

this.host = host;

this.port = port;

start(host,port);

}

private void start(String host, int port) throws InterruptedException {

bootstrap = new Bootstrap();

bootstrap.channel(NioSocketChannel.class)

.option(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true)

.group(workGroup)

.remoteAddress(host, port)

.handler(new ChannelInitializer(){

@Override

protected void initChannel(Channel channel) throws Exception {

ChannelPipeline p = channel.pipeline();

p.addLast(new IdleStateHandler(20, 10, 0)); // IdleStateHandler 用于检测心跳

p.addLast(new MessageDecoder());

p.addLast(new MessageEncoder());

p.addLast(new PushClientHandler());

}

});

doConnect(port, host);

}

/**

* 建立连接,并且可以实现自动重连.

* @param port port.

* @param host host.

* @throws InterruptedException InterruptedException.

*/

private void doConnect(int port, String host) throws InterruptedException {

if (socketChannel != null && socketChannel.isActive()) {

return;

}

final int portConnect = port;

final String hostConnect = host;

ChannelFuture future = bootstrap.connect(host, port);

future.addListener(new ChannelFutureListener() {

@Override

public void operationComplete(ChannelFuture futureListener) throws Exception {

if (futureListener.isSuccess()) {

socketChannel = (SocketChannel) futureListener.channel();

logger.info("Connect to server successfully!");

} else {

logger.info("Failed to connect to server, try connect after 10s");

futureListener.channel().eventLoop().schedule(new Runnable() {

@Override

public void run() {

try {

doConnect(portConnect, hostConnect);

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}, 10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

}

}

}).sync();

}

三. 借助 ZooKeeper 实现简单的服务注册与发现

3.1 服务注册

服务注册本质上是为了解耦服务提供者和服务消费者。服务注册是一个高可用强一致性的服务发现存储仓库,主要用来存储服务的api和地址对应关系。为了高可用,服务注册中心一般为一个集群,并且能够保证分布式一致性。目前常用的有 ZooKeeper、Etcd 等等。

在我们项目中采用了 ZooKeeper 实现服务注册。

public class ServiceRegistry {

private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ServiceRegistry.class);

private CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);

private String registryAddress;

public ServiceRegistry(String registryAddress) {

this.registryAddress = registryAddress;

}

public void register(String data) {

if (data != null) {

ZooKeeper zk = connectServer();

if (zk != null) {

createNode(zk, data);

}

}

}

/**

* 连接 zookeeper 服务器

* @return

*/

private ZooKeeper connectServer() {

ZooKeeper zk = null;

try {

zk = new ZooKeeper(registryAddress, Constants.ZK_SESSION_TIMEOUT, new Watcher() {

@Override

public void process(WatchedEvent event) {

if (event.getState() == Event.KeeperState.SyncConnected) {

latch.countDown();

}

}

});

latch.await();

} catch (IOException | InterruptedException e) {

logger.error("", e);

}

return zk;

}

/**

* 创建节点

* @param zk

* @param data

*/

private void createNode(ZooKeeper zk, String data) {

try {

byte[] bytes = data.getBytes();

String path = zk.create(Constants.ZK_DATA_PATH, bytes, ZooDefs.Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE, CreateMode.EPHEMERAL_SEQUENTIAL);

logger.debug("create zookeeper node ({} => {})", path, data);

} catch (KeeperException | InterruptedException e) {

logger.error("", e);

}

}

}

有了服务注册,在 Netty 服务端启动之后,将 Netty 服务端的 ip 和 port 注册到 ZooKeeper。

EventLoopGroup boss = new NioEventLoopGroup(1);

EventLoopGroup worker = new NioEventLoopGroup();

ServerBootstrap bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();

bootstrap.group(boss, worker)

.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)

.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 128)

.option(ChannelOption.TCP_NODELAY, true)

.childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true)

.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer() {

@Override

protected void initChannel(Channel channel) throws Exception {

ChannelPipeline p = channel.pipeline();

p.addLast(new MessageEncoder());

p.addLast(new MessageDecoder());

p.addLast(new PushServerHandler());

}

});

ChannelFuture future = bootstrap.bind(host,port).sync();

if (future.isSuccess()) {

logger.info("server start...");

}

if (serviceRegistry != null) {

serviceRegistry.register(host + ":" + port);

}

3.2 服务发现

这里我们采用的是客户端的服务发现,即服务发现机制由客户端实现。

客户端在和服务端建立连接之前,通过查询注册中心的方式来获取服务端的地址。如果存在有多个 Netty 服务端的话,可以做服务的负载均衡。在我们的项目中只采用了简单的随机法进行负载。

public class ServiceDiscovery {

private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ServiceDiscovery.class);

private CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);

private volatile List<String> serviceAddressList = new ArrayList<>();

private String registryAddress; // 注册中心的地址

public ServiceDiscovery(String registryAddress) {

this.registryAddress = registryAddress;

ZooKeeper zk = connectServer();

if (zk != null) {

watchNode(zk);

}

}

/**

* 通过服务发现,获取服务提供方的地址

* @return

*/

public String discover() {

String data = null;

int size = serviceAddressList.size();

if (size > 0) {

if (size == 1) { //只有一个服务提供方

data = serviceAddressList.get(0);

logger.info("unique service address : {}", data);

} else { //使用随机分配法。简单的负载均衡法

data = serviceAddressList.get(ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(size));

logger.info("choose an address : {}", data);

}

}

return data;

}

/**

* 连接 zookeeper

* @return

*/

private ZooKeeper connectServer() {

ZooKeeper zk = null;

try {

zk = new ZooKeeper(registryAddress, Constants.ZK_SESSION_TIMEOUT, new Watcher() {

@Override

public void process(WatchedEvent event) {

if (event.getState() == Watcher.Event.KeeperState.SyncConnected) {

latch.countDown();

}

}

});

latch.await();

} catch (IOException | InterruptedException e) {

logger.error("", e);

}

return zk;

}

/**

* 获取服务地址列表

* @param zk

*/

private void watchNode(final ZooKeeper zk) {

try {

//获取子节点列表

List<String> nodeList = zk.getChildren(Constants.ZK_REGISTRY_PATH, new Watcher() {

@Override

public void process(WatchedEvent event) {

if (event.getType() == Event.EventType.NodeChildrenChanged) {

//发生子节点变化时再次调用此方法更新服务地址

watchNode(zk);

}

}

});

List<String> dataList = new ArrayList<>();

for (String node : nodeList) {

byte[] bytes = zk.getData(Constants.ZK_REGISTRY_PATH + "/" + node, false, null);

dataList.add(new String(bytes));

}

logger.debug("node data: {}", dataList);

this.serviceAddressList = dataList;

} catch (KeeperException | InterruptedException e) {

logger.error("", e);

}

}

}

Netty 客户端启动之后,通过服务发现获取 Netty 服务端的 ip 和 port。

/**

* 支持通过服务发现来获取 Socket 服务端的 host、port

* @param discoveryAddress

* @throws InterruptedException

*/

public PushClientBootstrap(String discoveryAddress) throws InterruptedException {

serviceDiscovery = new ServiceDiscovery(discoveryAddress);

serverAddress = serviceDiscovery.discover();

if (serverAddress!=null) {

String[] array = serverAddress.split(":");

if (array!=null && array.length==2) {

String host = array[0];

int port = Integer.parseInt(array[1]);

start(host,port);

}

}

}

四. 总结

服务注册和发现一直是分布式的核心组件。本文介绍了借助 ZooKeeper 做注册中心,如何实现一个简单的服务注册和发现。其实,注册中心的选择有很多,例如 Etcd、Eureka 等等。选择符合我们业务需求的才是最重要的。

以上所述是小编给大家介绍的Netty + ZooKeeper 实现简单的服务注册与发现,希望对大家有所帮助,如果大家有任何疑问请给我留言,小编会及时回复大家的。在此也非常感谢大家对网站的支持!

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