JAVA使用随机数实现概率抽奖

本文实例为大家分享了JAVA使用随机数实现概率抽奖的具体代码,供大家参考,具体内容如下

需求

网站现有一抽奖功能,已经定义好奖品,每个奖品都有对应的中奖概率。通过奖品概率随机进行抽奖

实现思路

1、每个奖品都有对应的中奖概率,先对所有奖品中奖概率求和

2、计算出每个奖品在0-1之间所占的区间块

3、随机产生0-1之间的随机数,随机数落在哪个区间,就是中奖哪个

例如现有以下奖品:

奖品A 中奖概率为 0.1

奖品B 中奖概率为 0.01

奖品C 中奖概率为 0.001

奖品D 中奖概率为 0.8

第一步:求出概率总和 0.1+0.01+0.001+0.8 = 0.911

第二步:计算每个奖品的所占区间块

奖品A: 0.1 / 0.911 = 0.1098

奖品B: (0.1+0.01)/ 0.911 = 0.1207

奖品C:(0.1+0.11+0.001)/ 0.911 = 0.1218

奖品D:(0.1+0.11+0.001+0.8)/ 0.911 = 1

则:

奖品A的所占区间为:0~0.1098

奖品B的所占区间为:0.1098~0.1207

奖品C的所占区间为:0.1207~0.1218

奖品D的所占区间为:0.1218~1

代码如下

/**

* 奖品实体类

*/

public class Award{

public Award(){}

public Award(String awardTitle,double probability){

this.awardTitle = awardTitle;

this.probability = probability;

}

/**奖品ID**/

private String awardId;

/**奖品名**/

private String awardTitle;

/**中奖概率**/

private double probability;

public String getAwardId() {

return awardId;

}

public void setAwardId(String awardId) {

this.awardId = awardId;

}

public String getAwardTitle() {

return awardTitle;

}

public void setAwardTitle(String awardTitle) {

this.awardTitle = awardTitle;

}

public double getProbability() {

return probability;

}

public void setProbability(double probability) {

this.probability = probability;

}

}

public class LotteryUtil {

/**

* 抽奖,获取中奖奖品

* @param awardList 奖品及中奖概率列表

* @return 中奖商品

*/

public static Award lottery(List<Award> awardList) {

if(awardList.isEmpty()){

throw new AwardListIsEmptyException();

}

//奖品总数

int size = awardList.size();

//计算总概率

double sumProbability = 0d;

for (Award award : awardList) {

sumProbability += award.getProbability();

}

//计算每个奖品的概率区间

//例如奖品A概率区间0-0.1 奖品B概率区间 0.1-0.5 奖品C概率区间0.5-1

//每个奖品的中奖率越大,所占的概率区间就越大

List<Double> sortAwardProbabilityList = new ArrayList<Double>(size);

Double tempSumProbability = 0d;

for (Award award : awardList) {

tempSumProbability += award.getProbability();

sortAwardProbabilityList.add(tempSumProbability / sumProbability);

}

//产生0-1之间的随机数

//随机数在哪个概率区间内,则是哪个奖品

double randomDouble = Math.random();

//加入到概率区间中,排序后,返回的下标则是awardList中中奖的下标

sortAwardProbabilityList.add(randomDouble);

Collections.sort(sortAwardProbabilityList);

int lotteryIndex = sortAwardProbabilityList.indexOf(randomDouble);

return awardList.get(lotteryIndex);

}

public static void main(String[] args) {

List<Award> awardList = new ArrayList<Award>();

awardList.add(new Award("10个积分",0.35d));

awardList.add(new Award("33个积分",0.25d));

awardList.add(new Award("5元红包",0.002d));

awardList.add(new Award("20元话费",0.003d));

awardList.add(new Award("京东100元购物卡",0.0005d));

awardList.add(new Award("未中奖",0.1d));

Map<String,Integer> result = new HashMap<String,Integer>();

for(int i=0;i<10000;i++){

Award award = lottery(awardList);

String title = award.getAwardTitle();

Integer count = result.get(title);

result.put(title, count == null ? 1 : count + 1);

}

for (Entry<String, Integer> entry : result.entrySet()) {

System.out.println(entry.getKey() + ", count=" + entry.getValue() +", reate="+ entry.getValue()/10000d);

}

}

}

测试结果

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