JAVA使用随机数实现概率抽奖
本文实例为大家分享了JAVA使用随机数实现概率抽奖的具体代码,供大家参考,具体内容如下
需求
网站现有一抽奖功能,已经定义好奖品,每个奖品都有对应的中奖概率。通过奖品概率随机进行抽奖
实现思路
1、每个奖品都有对应的中奖概率,先对所有奖品中奖概率求和
2、计算出每个奖品在0-1之间所占的区间块
3、随机产生0-1之间的随机数,随机数落在哪个区间,就是中奖哪个
例如现有以下奖品:
奖品A 中奖概率为 0.1
奖品B 中奖概率为 0.01
奖品C 中奖概率为 0.001
奖品D 中奖概率为 0.8
第一步:求出概率总和 0.1+0.01+0.001+0.8 = 0.911
第二步:计算每个奖品的所占区间块
奖品A: 0.1 / 0.911 = 0.1098
奖品B: (0.1+0.01)/ 0.911 = 0.1207
奖品C:(0.1+0.11+0.001)/ 0.911 = 0.1218
奖品D:(0.1+0.11+0.001+0.8)/ 0.911 = 1
则:
奖品A的所占区间为:0~0.1098
奖品B的所占区间为:0.1098~0.1207
奖品C的所占区间为:0.1207~0.1218
奖品D的所占区间为:0.1218~1
代码如下
/**
* 奖品实体类
*/
public class Award{
public Award(){}
public Award(String awardTitle,double probability){
this.awardTitle = awardTitle;
this.probability = probability;
}
/**奖品ID**/
private String awardId;
/**奖品名**/
private String awardTitle;
/**中奖概率**/
private double probability;
public String getAwardId() {
return awardId;
}
public void setAwardId(String awardId) {
this.awardId = awardId;
}
public String getAwardTitle() {
return awardTitle;
}
public void setAwardTitle(String awardTitle) {
this.awardTitle = awardTitle;
}
public double getProbability() {
return probability;
}
public void setProbability(double probability) {
this.probability = probability;
}
}
public class LotteryUtil {
/**
* 抽奖,获取中奖奖品
* @param awardList 奖品及中奖概率列表
* @return 中奖商品
*/
public static Award lottery(List<Award> awardList) {
if(awardList.isEmpty()){
throw new AwardListIsEmptyException();
}
//奖品总数
int size = awardList.size();
//计算总概率
double sumProbability = 0d;
for (Award award : awardList) {
sumProbability += award.getProbability();
}
//计算每个奖品的概率区间
//例如奖品A概率区间0-0.1 奖品B概率区间 0.1-0.5 奖品C概率区间0.5-1
//每个奖品的中奖率越大,所占的概率区间就越大
List<Double> sortAwardProbabilityList = new ArrayList<Double>(size);
Double tempSumProbability = 0d;
for (Award award : awardList) {
tempSumProbability += award.getProbability();
sortAwardProbabilityList.add(tempSumProbability / sumProbability);
}
//产生0-1之间的随机数
//随机数在哪个概率区间内,则是哪个奖品
double randomDouble = Math.random();
//加入到概率区间中,排序后,返回的下标则是awardList中中奖的下标
sortAwardProbabilityList.add(randomDouble);
Collections.sort(sortAwardProbabilityList);
int lotteryIndex = sortAwardProbabilityList.indexOf(randomDouble);
return awardList.get(lotteryIndex);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Award> awardList = new ArrayList<Award>();
awardList.add(new Award("10个积分",0.35d));
awardList.add(new Award("33个积分",0.25d));
awardList.add(new Award("5元红包",0.002d));
awardList.add(new Award("20元话费",0.003d));
awardList.add(new Award("京东100元购物卡",0.0005d));
awardList.add(new Award("未中奖",0.1d));
Map<String,Integer> result = new HashMap<String,Integer>();
for(int i=0;i<10000;i++){
Award award = lottery(awardList);
String title = award.getAwardTitle();
Integer count = result.get(title);
result.put(title, count == null ? 1 : count + 1);
}
for (Entry<String, Integer> entry : result.entrySet()) {
System.out.println(entry.getKey() + ", count=" + entry.getValue() +", reate="+ entry.getValue()/10000d);
}
}
}
测试结果
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