对python中xlsx,csv以及json文件的相互转化方法详解

Z时代
2024-01-10
分类：综合

最近需要各种转格式，这里对相关代码作一个记录，方便日后查询。

xlsx文件转csv文件


import xlrd
import csv
def xlsx_to_csv():
  workbook = xlrd.open_workbook('1.xlsx')
  table = workbook.sheet_by_index(0)
  with codecs.open('1.csv', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
    write = csv.writer(f)
    for row_num in range(table.nrows):
      row_value = table.row_values(row_num)
      write.writerow(row_value)
if __name__ == '__main__':
  xlsx_to_csv()

在2个文件之间转换，需要注意一个文件的字符转码问题

使用第三方库pandas将xlsx文件转csv文件


import pandas as pd
def xlsx_to_csv_pd():
  data_xls = pd.read_excel('1.xlsx', index_col=0)
  data_xls.to_csv('1.csv', encoding='utf-8')
if __name__ == '__main__':
  xlsx_to_csv_pd()

csv文件转换成xlsx文件


import csv
import xlwt
def csv_to_xlsx():
  with open('1.csv', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
    read = csv.reader(f)
    workbook = xlwt.Workbook()
    sheet = workbook.add_sheet('data') # 创建一个sheet表格
    l = 0
    for line in read:
      print(line)
      r = 0
      for i in line:
        print(i)
        sheet.write(l, r, i) # 一个一个将单元格数据写入
        r = r + 1
      l = l + 1
    workbook.save('1.xlsx') # 保存Excel
if __name__ == '__main__':
  csv_to_xlsx()

使用pandas将csv文件转成xlsx文件


import pandas as pd
def csv_to_xlsx_pd():
  csv = pd.read_csv('1.csv', encoding='utf-8')
  csv.to_excel('1.xlsx', sheet_name='data')
if __name__ == '__main__':
  csv_to_xlsx_pd()

xlsx文件转json文件


from collections import OrderedDict
import json
import codecs
wb = xlrd.open_workbook('positive_previous.xlsx')
convert_list = []
sh = wb.sheet_by_index(0)
title = sh.row_values(0)
for rownum in range(1, sh.nrows):
  rowvalue = sh.row_values(rownum)
  single = OrderedDict()
  for colnum in range(0, len(rowvalue)):
    print(title[colnum], rowvalue[colnum])
    single[title[colnum]] = rowvalue[colnum]
  convert_list.append(single)
j = json.dumps(convert_list)
with codecs.open('positive_previous.json', "w", "utf-8") as f:
  f.write(j)

csv文件转化为json文件


# 下面的工具可以方便的将CSV格式文件转换成json文件格式
import sys, json
tip = """
请确保：
1. CSV格式是UTF-8
2. CSV第一行是键值
用法：
python csv2json.py foobar.csv
其中foobar.csv是需要转换的源数据文件
运行环境：
Python 3.4.3
日期：
2015年12月29日
"""
print(tip)
# 获取输入数据
input_file = sys.argv[1]
lines = open(input_file, "r", encoding="utf_8_sig").readlines()
lines = [line.strip() for line in lines]
# 获取键值
keys = lines[0].split(',')
line_num = 1
total_lines = len(lines)
parsed_datas = []
while line_num < total_lines:
    values = lines[line_num].split(",")
    parsed_datas.append(dict(zip(keys, values)))
    line_num = line_num + 1
json_str = json.dumps(parsed_datas, ensure_ascii=False, indent=4)
output_file = input_file.replace("csv", "json")
# write to the file
f = open(output_file, "w", encoding="utf-8")
f.write(json_str)
f.close()
print("解析结束！")