Django Channel实时推送与聊天的示例代码

先来看一下最终的效果吧

开始聊天,输入消息并点击发送消息就可以开始聊天了

点击 “获取后端数据”开启实时推送

先来简单了解一下 Django Channel

Channels是一个采用Django并将其功能扩展到HTTP以外的项目,以处理WebSocket,聊天协议,IoT协议等。它基于称为ASGI的Python规范构建。

它以Django的核心为基础,并在其下面分层了一个完全异步的层,以同步模式运行Django本身,但异步处理了连接和套接字,并提供了以两种方式编写的选择,从而实现了这一点。

详情请参考官方文档:https://channels.readthedocs.io/en/latest/introduction.html

再简单说下ASGI是什么东东吧

ASGI 由 Django 团队提出,为了解决在一个网络框架里(如 Django)同时处理 HTTP、HTTP2、WebSocket 协议。为此,Django 团队开发了 Django Channels 插件,为 Django 带来了 ASGI 能力。

在 ASGI 中,将一个网络请求划分成三个处理层面,最前面的一层,interface server(协议处理服务器),负责对请求协议进行解析,并将不同的协议分发到不同的 Channel(频道);频道属于第二层,通常可以是一个队列系统。频道绑定了第三层的 Consumer(消费者)。

详情请参考官方文档:https://channels.readthedocs.io/en/latest/asgi.html

下边来说一下具体的实现步骤

一、安装channel

pip3 install channels

pip3 install channels_redis

二、新建Django项目

1.新建项目

django-admin startproject mysite

2.新建应用

python3 manage.py startapp chat

3.编辑mysite/settings.py文件

#注册应用

INSTALLED_APPS = [

....

'chat.apps.ChatConfig',

"channels",

]

# 在文件尾部新增如下配置

#将ASGI_APPLICATION设置设置为指向该路由对象作为您的根应用程序:

ASGI_APPLICATION = 'mysite.routing.application'

#配置Redis

CHANNEL_LAYERS = {

'default': {

'BACKEND': 'channels_redis.core.RedisChannelLayer',

'CONFIG': {

"hosts": [('10.0.6.29', 6379)],

},

},

}

三、详细代码与配置

1. 添加索引视图的模板

在chat目录中创建一个templates目录。在您刚刚创建的templates目录中,创建另一个名为的目录chat,并在其中创建一个名为的文件index.html以保存索引视图的模板

将以下代码放入chat/templates/chat/index.html

<!-- chat/templates/chat/index.html -->

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<meta charset="utf-8"/>

<title>Chat Rooms</title>

</head>

<body>

What chat room would you like to enter?<br>

<input id="room-name-input" type="text" size="100"><br>

<input id="room-name-submit" type="button" value="Enter">

<script>

document.querySelector('#room-name-input').focus();

document.querySelector('#room-name-input').onkeyup = function(e) {

if (e.keyCode === 13) { // enter, return

document.querySelector('#room-name-submit').click();

}

};

document.querySelector('#room-name-submit').onclick = function(e) {

var roomName = document.querySelector('#room-name-input').value;

window.location.pathname = '/chat/' + roomName + '/';

};

</script>

</body>

</html>

2.创建聊天与消息推送模板

chat/templates/chat/room.html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/jquery/3.5.0/jquery.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>

<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.3.7/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="external nofollow" >

<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.3.7/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>

<meta charset="utf-8"/>

<title>Chat Room</title>

</head>

<body>

<textarea id="chat-log" cols="150" rows="30" class="text"></textarea><br>

<input id="chat-message-input" type="text" size="150"><br>

<input id="chat-message-submit" type="button" value="发送消息" class="input-sm">

<button id="get_data" class="btn btn-success">获取后端数据</button>

{{ room_name|json_script:"room-name" }}

<script>

$("#get_data").click(function () {

$.ajax({

url: "{% url 'push' %}",

type: "GET",

data: {

"room": "{{ room_name }}",

"csrfmiddlewaretoken": "{{ csrf_token }}"

},

})

});

const roomName = JSON.parse(document.getElementById('room-name').textContent);

const chatSocket = new WebSocket(

'ws://' + window.location.host

+ '/ws/chat/'

+ roomName + '/'

);

let chatSocketa = new WebSocket(

"ws://" + window.location.host + "/ws/push/" + roomName

);

chatSocket.onmessage = function (e) {

const data = JSON.parse(e.data);

// data 为收到后端发来的数据

//console.log(data);

document.querySelector('#chat-log').value += (data.message + '\n');

};

chatSocketa.onmessage = function (e) {

let data = JSON.parse(e.data);

//let message = data["message"];

document.querySelector("#chat-log").value += (data.message + "\n");

};

chatSocket.onclose = function (e) {

console.error('Chat socket closed unexpectedly');

};

chatSocketa.onclose = function (e) {

console.error("Chat socket closed unexpectedly");

};

document.querySelector('#chat-message-input').focus();

document.querySelector('#chat-message-input').onkeyup = function (e) {

if (e.keyCode === 13) { // enter, return

document.querySelector('#chat-message-submit').click();

}

};

document.querySelector('#chat-message-submit').onclick = function (e) {

const messageInputDom = document.querySelector('#chat-message-input');

const message = messageInputDom.value;

chatSocket.send(JSON.stringify({

'message': message

}));

messageInputDom.value = '';

};

</script>

</body>

</html>

3.创建房间的视图

将以下代码放入chat/views.py

# chat/views.py

from django.shortcuts import render

from django.http import JsonResponse

from channels.layers import get_channel_layer

from asgiref.sync import async_to_sync

def index(request):

return render(request, "chat/index.html")

def room(request, room_name):

return render(request, "chat/room.html", {"room_name": room_name})

def pushRedis(request):

room = request.GET.get("room")

print(room)

def push(msg):

channel_layer = get_channel_layer()

async_to_sync(channel_layer.group_send)(

room,

{"type": "push.message", "message": msg, "room_name": room}

)

push("推送测试", )

return JsonResponse({"1": 1})

4. 创建项目二级路由

在chat目录下创建一个名为的文件urls.py

# mysite/chat/urls.py

from django.urls import path

from . import views

urlpatterns = [

path('', views.index, name='index'),

   path('<str:room_name>/', views.room, name='room'),

]

5. 修改根路由

# mysite/urls.py

from django.contrib import admin

from django.urls import path, include

from chat.views import pushRedis

urlpatterns = [

path('admin/', admin.site.urls),

path("chat/", include("chat.urls")),

path("push", pushRedis, name="push"),

]

6.创建一个消费者

文件chat/consumers.py

当Django接受HTTP请求时,它会查询根URLconf来查找视图函数,然后调用该视图函数来处理该请求。同样,当Channels接受WebSocket连接时,它会查询根路由配置以查找使用者,然后在使用者上调用各种功能来处理来自连接的事件。

import time

import json

from channels.generic.websocket import WebsocketConsumer, AsyncWebsocketConsumer

from asgiref.sync import async_to_sync

import redis

pool = redis.ConnectionPool(

host="10.0.6.29",

port=6379,

max_connections=10,

decode_response=True,

)

conn = redis.Redis(connection_pool=pool, decode_responses=True)

class ChatConsumer(AsyncWebsocketConsumer):

async def connect(self, ):

self.room_name = self.scope["url_route"]["kwargs"]["room_name"]

self.room_group_name = "chat_%s" % self.room_name

await self.channel_layer.group_add(

self.room_group_name,

self.channel_name,

)

await self.accept()

async def disconnect(self, close_code):

print("close_code: ", close_code)

await self.channel_layer.group_discard(

self.room_group_name,

self.channel_name

)

async def receive(self, text_data=None, bytes_data=None):

text_data_json = json.loads(text_data)

message = text_data_json["message"]

print("receive_message:", message)

await self.channel_layer.group_send(

self.room_group_name,

{

"type": "chat_message",

"message": message

}

)

async def chat_message(self, event):

receive_message = event["message"]

response_message = "You message is :" + receive_message

await self.send(text_data=json.dumps({

"message": response_message

}))

class PushMessage(WebsocketConsumer):

def connect(self):

self.room_group_name = self.scope["url_route"]["kwargs"]["room_name"]

async_to_sync(self.channel_layer.group_add)(

self.room_group_name,

self.channel_name

)

self.accept()

def disconnect(self, code):

async_to_sync(self.channel_layer.group_discard)(

self.room_group_name,

self.channel_name

)

def push_message(self, event):

"""

主动推送

:param event:

:return:

"""

print(event, type(event))

while True:

time.sleep(2)

msg = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") + "--- room_name: %s" % event["room_name"]

self.send(text_data=json.dumps(

{"message": msg}

))

7.为项目添加websocket的路由配置

在chat目录下创建一个名为的文件routing.py

# mysite/chat/routing.py

from django.urls import re_path, path

from . import consumers

websocket_urlpatterns = [

re_path(r"ws/chat/(?P<room_name>\w+)/$", consumers.ChatConsumer),

path("ws/push/<room_name>", consumers.PushMessage),

]

8.配置websocket根路由

与setting同级目录新建ws根路由文件 routing.py

from channels.routing import ProtocolTypeRouter, URLRouter

from channels.auth import AuthMiddlewareStack

import chat.routing

application = ProtocolTypeRouter({

"websocket": AuthMiddlewareStack(

URLRouter(

chat.routing.websocket_urlpatterns

)

),

})

9.最终的文件关系如下图

10.启动服务

python3 manage.py runserver 10.0.6.2:80

注意看,这和django是不一样的

还有另一种更稳健的启动方式

和setting同级新增文件 asgi.py

import os

import django

from channels.routing import get_default_application

os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "mysite.settings")

django.setup()

application = get_default_application()

启动方式为:

daphne -b 10.0.6.2 -p 80 mysite.asgi:application

daphne 在安装channel时已经自动安装好了

参考:

  https://channels.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tutorial/index.html

  https://blog.ernest.me/post/asgi-demonstration-realtime-blogging

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