如何在python中判断变量的类型

python的数据类型有:数字(int)、浮点(float)、字符串(str),列表(list)、元组(tuple)、字典(dict)、集合(set)

一般通过以下方法进行判断:

1、isinstance(参数1,参数2)

描述:该函数用来判断一个变量(参数1)是否是已知的变量类型(参数2) 类似于type()

参数1:变量

参数2:可以是直接或间接类名、基本类型或者由它们组成的元组。

返回值: 如果对象的类型与参数二的类型(classinfo)相同则返回 True,否则返回 False

例子:

#判断变量类型的函数

def typeof(variate):

type=None

if isinstance(variate,int):

type = "int"

elif isinstance(variate,str):

type = "str"

elif isinstance(variate,float):

type = "float"

elif isinstance(variate,list):

type = "list"

elif isinstance(variate,tuple):

type = "tuple"

elif isinstance(variate,dict):

type = "dict"

elif isinstance(variate,set):

type = "set"

return type

# 返回变量类型

def getType(variate):

arr = {"int":"整数","float":"浮点","str":"字符串","list":"列表","tuple":"元组","dict":"字典","set":"集合"}

vartype = typeof(variate)

if not (vartype in arr):

return "未知类型"

return arr[vartype]

#判断变量是否为整数

money=120

print("{0}是{1}".format(money,getType(money)))

#判断变量是否为字符串

money="120"

print("{0}是{1}".format(money,getType(money)))

money=12.3

print("{0}是{1}".format(money,getType(money)))

#判断变量是否为列表

students=['studentA']

print("{0}是{1}".format(students,getType(students)))

#判断变量是否为元组

students=('studentA','studentB')

print("{0}是{1}".format(students,getType(students)))

#判断变量是否为字典

dictory={"key1":"value1","key2":"value2"}

print("{0}是{1}".format(dictory,getType(dictory)))

#判断变量是否为集合

apple={"apple1","apple2"}46 print("{0}是{1}".format(apple,getType(apple)))

返回:

2、通过与已知类型的常量进行比较

例子:

#判断变量类型的函数

def typeof(variate):

type1 = ""

if type(variate) == type(1):

type1 = "int"

elif type(variate) == type("str"):

type1 = "str"

elif type(variate) == type(12.3):

type1 = "float"

elif type(variate) == type([1]):

type1 = "list"

elif type(variate) == type(()):

type1 = "tuple"

elif type(variate) == type({"key1":"123"}):

type1 = "dict"

elif type(variate) == type({"key1"}):

type1 = "set"

return type1

# 返回变量类型

def getType(variate):

arr = {"int":"整数","float":"浮点","str":"字符串","list":"列表","tuple":"元组","dict":"字典","set":"集合"}

vartype = typeof(variate)

if not (vartype in arr):

return "未知类型"

return arr[vartype]

#判断变量是否为整数

money=120

print("{0}是{1}".format(money,getType(money)))

#判断变量是否为字符串

money="120"

print("{0}是{1}".format(money,getType(money)))

money=12.3

print("{0}是{1}".format(money,getType(money)))

#判断变量是否为列表

students=['studentA']

print("{0}是{1}".format(students,getType(students)))

#判断变量是否为元组

students=('studentA','studentB')

print("{0}是{1}".format(students,getType(students)))

#判断变量是否为字典

dictory={"key1":"value1","key2":"value2"}

print("{0}是{1}".format(dictory,getType(dictory)))

#判断变量是否为集合

apple={"apple1","apple2"}

print("{0}是{1}".format(apple,getType(apple)))

返回:

补充: 

isinstance() 与 type() 区别:

  • type() 不会认为子类是一种父类类型,不考虑继承关系。
  • isinstance() 会认为子类是一种父类类型,考虑继承关系。

如果要判断两个类型是否相同推荐使用 isinstance()。

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