测试MockBean为空

  • Z时代
  • 2024-01-10
  • 分类：问答

我有这个班级的定义

@RestController
public class ReservationController {
    @Autowired
    private Reservation reservation;
    @RequestMapping(value = "/reservation", produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE, method = RequestMethod.POST)
    @ResponseBody
    public Reservation getReservation() {
        return reservation;
    }
}

预订很简单的Pojo

public class Reservation {
    private long id;
    private String reservationName;
    public Reservation() {
        super();
        this.id = 333;
        this.reservationName = "prova123";
    }
    public Reservation(long id, String reservationName) {
        super();
        this.id = id;
        this.reservationName = reservationName;
    }
    public long getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getReservationName() {
        return reservationName;
    }
    public void setReservationName(String reservationName) {
        this.reservationName = reservationName;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Reservation [id=" + id + ", reservationName=" + reservationName + "]";
    }
}

当我尝试测试这堂课时

@WebMvcTest
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
public class MvcTest {
    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mockMvc;
    @MockBean(name = "reservation")
    private Reservation reservation;
    @Test
    public void postReservation() throws Exception {
        mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/reservation"))
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.content().contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE))
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk());
    }
}

我收到此错误：

org.springframework.web.util.NestedServletException：请求处理失败；嵌套的异常是org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageConversionException：类型定义错误：[简单类型，类org.mockito.internal.debugging.LocationImpl];

嵌套的异常是com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.exc.InvalidDefinitionException：未为类org.mockito.internal.debugging.LocationImpl找到序列化程序，也未发现创建BeanSerializer的属性（为避免异常，请禁用SerializationFeature.FAIL_ON_EMPTY_BEANS）（通过引用链）

：spring.boot.usingSpringBoot.entity.Reservation $ MockitoMock $ 980801978 [“

mockitoInterceptor”]->

org.mockito.internal.creation.bytebuddy.MockMethodInterceptor [“

mockHandler”]-> org.mockito.internal.handler.InvocationNotifierHandler [“

invocationContainer “]-> org。

.... ....

引起原因：com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.exc.InvalidDefinitionException：未为类org.mockito.internal.debugging.LocationImpl找到序列化程序，也未发现创建BeanSerializer的属性（为避免异常，请禁用SerializationFeature.FAIL_ON_EMPTY_BEANS）（通过引用链）

：spring.boot.usingSpringBoot.entity.Reservation $ MockitoMock $ 980801978 [“

mockitoInterceptor”]->

org.mockito.internal.creation.bytebuddy.MockMethodInterceptor [“

mockHandler”]-> org.mockito.internal.handler.InvocationNotifierHandler [“

invocationContainer “]->

org.mockito.internal.stubbing.InvocationContainerImpl [”

invocationForStubbing“]-> org.mockito.internal.invocation.InvocationMatcher

[” invocation“]-> org.mockito.internal.invocation.InterceptedInvocation [”

location“] ）

如何以正确的方式注入预订？

谢谢

回答：

之所以会出现错误，是因为使用@MockBean（或@Mock在非Spring环境中）使用Mockito模拟对象。该对象是您对象的空心代理。该代理具有与您的类相同的公共方法，默认情况下返回其返回类型的默认值（例如，对于对象为null，对于ints等为1），或者对于void方法不执行任何操作。

杰克逊抱怨，因为它必须序列化没有字段的代理，杰克逊也不知道该怎么办。

com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.exc.InvalidDefinitionException：未找到针对类org.mockito.internal.debugging.LocationImpl的序列化器，也未发现创建BeanSerializer的属性（为避免异常，请禁用SerializationFeature.FAIL_ON_EMPTY_BEANS

通常，当您模拟要测试的某个类的依赖项时，您将模拟它是用于测试的类的公共方法。直接返回您的依赖关系在现实世界中不是一个好用例-您不太可能必须编写这样的代码。

我想您正在尝试学习，所以让我提供一个改进的示例：

@RestController
public class ReservationController {
    @Autowired
    private ReservationService reservationService;     //my chnage here
    @RequestMapping(value = "/reservation", produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE, method = RequestMethod.POST)
    @ResponseBody
    public Reservation getReservation() {
        return reservationService.getReservation();   //my chnage here
    }
}

通常，不是直接注入值对象，而是通常使用包含一些业务逻辑并返回某些内容的服务类-

在我的示例ReservationService中getReservation()，该类具有一个return和object类型的方法Reservation。

有了它，您可以在测试中模拟ReservationService。

@WebMvcTest
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
public class MvcTest {
    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mockMvc;
    @MockBean(name = "reservation")
    private ReservationService reservationService;    //my chnage here
    @Test
    public void postReservation() throws Exception {
        // You need that to specify what should your mock return when getReservation() is called. Without it you will get null
        when(reservationService.getReservation()).thenReturn(new Reservation()); //my chnage here
        mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/reservation"))
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.content().contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE))
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk());
    }
}

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