使用ElasticSearch进行文件名搜索
我想使用ElasticSearch搜索文件名(而不是文件的内容)。因此,我需要找到文件名的一部分(完全匹配,没有模糊搜索)。
示例:
我有以下名称的文件:
My_first_file_created_at_2012.01.13.docMy_second_file_created_at_2012.01.13.pdf
Another file.txt
And_again_another_file.docx
foo.bar.txt
现在,我要搜索2012.01.13
以获取前两个文件。
搜索file
或ile
应返回除最后一个文件名以外的所有文件名。
如何使用ElasticSearch做到这一点?
这是我测试过的,但始终返回零结果:
curl -X DELETE localhost:9200/filescurl -X PUT localhost:9200/files -d '
{
"settings" : {
"index" : {
"analysis" : {
"analyzer" : {
"filename_analyzer" : {
"type" : "custom",
"tokenizer" : "lowercase",
"filter" : ["filename_stop", "filename_ngram"]
}
},
"filter" : {
"filename_stop" : {
"type" : "stop",
"stopwords" : ["doc", "pdf", "docx"]
},
"filename_ngram" : {
"type" : "nGram",
"min_gram" : 3,
"max_gram" : 255
}
}
}
}
},
"mappings": {
"files": {
"properties": {
"filename": {
"type": "string",
"analyzer": "filename_analyzer"
}
}
}
}
}
'
curl -X POST "http://localhost:9200/files/file" -d '{ "filename" : "My_first_file_created_at_2012.01.13.doc" }'
curl -X POST "http://localhost:9200/files/file" -d '{ "filename" : "My_second_file_created_at_2012.01.13.pdf" }'
curl -X POST "http://localhost:9200/files/file" -d '{ "filename" : "Another file.txt" }'
curl -X POST "http://localhost:9200/files/file" -d '{ "filename" : "And_again_another_file.docx" }'
curl -X POST "http://localhost:9200/files/file" -d '{ "filename" : "foo.bar.txt" }'
curl -X POST "http://localhost:9200/files/_refresh"
FILES='
http://localhost:9200/files/_search?q=filename:2012.01.13
'
for file in ${FILES}
do
echo; echo; echo ">>> ${file}"
curl "${file}&pretty=true"
done
回答:
您粘贴的内容存在各种问题:
创建索引时,请指定:
"mappings": { "files": {
但实际上您的类型file
不是files
。如果您检查了映射,您将立即看到:
curl -XGET 'http://127.0.0.1:9200/files/_mapping?pretty=1'# {
# "files" : {
# "files" : {
# "properties" : {
# "filename" : {
# "type" : "string",
# "analyzer" : "filename_analyzer"
# }
# }
# },
# "file" : {
# "properties" : {
# "filename" : {
# "type" : "string"
# }
# }
# }
# }
# }
您已经指定了lowercase
令牌生成器,但是它删除了不是字母的任何内容(请参阅docs),因此您的数字已被完全删除。
您可以使用analytics API进行检查:
curl -XGET 'http://127.0.0.1:9200/_analyze?pretty=1&text=My_file_2012.01.13.doc&tokenizer=lowercase'# {
# "tokens" : [
# {
# "end_offset" : 2,
# "position" : 1,
# "start_offset" : 0,
# "type" : "word",
# "token" : "my"
# },
# {
# "end_offset" : 7,
# "position" : 2,
# "start_offset" : 3,
# "type" : "word",
# "token" : "file"
# },
# {
# "end_offset" : 22,
# "position" : 3,
# "start_offset" : 19,
# "type" : "word",
# "token" : "doc"
# }
# ]
# }
您在索引分析器和搜索分析器中都包括了ngram令牌过滤器。这对于索引分析器很好,因为您希望对ngram进行索引。但是,当您搜索时,您想搜索的是完整字符串,而不是每个ngram。
例如,如果您"abcd"
使用长度为1到4的ngram进行索引,则最终将得到以下标记:
a b c d ab bc cd abc bcd
但是,如果您搜索"dcba"
(不匹配),并且还使用ngrams分析搜索词,则实际上是在搜索:
d c b a dc cb ba dbc cba
因此a
,b
,c
和d
将匹配!
首先,您需要选择正确的分析仪。您的用户可能会搜索单词,数字或日期,但可能不会期望ile
匹配file
。相反,使用edge ngrams
可能会更有用,它会将ngram锚定到每个单词的开头(或结尾)。
另外,为什么要排除docx
等等?用户肯定会想要搜索文件类型吗?
因此,通过删除不是字母或数字的任何内容(使用模式tokenizer),将每个文件名分成较小的令牌:
My_first_file_2012.01.13.doc=> my first file 2012 01 13 doc
然后对于索引分析器,我们还将在每个标记上使用边缘ngram:
my => m myfirst => f fi fir firs first
file => f fi fil file
2012 => 2 20 201 201
01 => 0 01
13 => 1 13
doc => d do doc
我们创建索引如下:
curl -XPUT 'http://127.0.0.1:9200/files/?pretty=1' -d '{
"settings" : {
"analysis" : {
"analyzer" : {
"filename_search" : {
"tokenizer" : "filename",
"filter" : ["lowercase"]
},
"filename_index" : {
"tokenizer" : "filename",
"filter" : ["lowercase","edge_ngram"]
}
},
"tokenizer" : {
"filename" : {
"pattern" : "[^\\p{L}\\d]+",
"type" : "pattern"
}
},
"filter" : {
"edge_ngram" : {
"side" : "front",
"max_gram" : 20,
"min_gram" : 1,
"type" : "edgeNGram"
}
}
}
},
"mappings" : {
"file" : {
"properties" : {
"filename" : {
"type" : "string",
"search_analyzer" : "filename_search",
"index_analyzer" : "filename_index"
}
}
}
}
}
'
现在,测试我们的分析仪是否正常工作:
curl -XGET 'http://127.0.0.1:9200/files/_analyze?pretty=1&text=My_first_file_2012.01.13.doc&analyzer=filename_search' [results snipped]
"token" : "my"
"token" : "first"
"token" : "file"
"token" : "2012"
"token" : "01"
"token" : "13"
"token" : "doc"
curl -XGET 'http://127.0.0.1:9200/files/_analyze?pretty=1&text=My_first_file_2012.01.13.doc&analyzer=filename_index' "token" : "m"
"token" : "my"
"token" : "f"
"token" : "fi"
"token" : "fir"
"token" : "firs"
"token" : "first"
"token" : "f"
"token" : "fi"
"token" : "fil"
"token" : "file"
"token" : "2"
"token" : "20"
"token" : "201"
"token" : "2012"
"token" : "0"
"token" : "01"
"token" : "1"
"token" : "13"
"token" : "d"
"token" : "do"
"token" : "doc"
OK-似乎工作正常。因此,让我们添加一些文档:
curl -X POST "http://localhost:9200/files/file" -d '{ "filename" : "My_first_file_created_at_2012.01.13.doc" }'curl -X POST "http://localhost:9200/files/file" -d '{ "filename" : "My_second_file_created_at_2012.01.13.pdf" }'
curl -X POST "http://localhost:9200/files/file" -d '{ "filename" : "Another file.txt" }'
curl -X POST "http://localhost:9200/files/file" -d '{ "filename" : "And_again_another_file.docx" }'
curl -X POST "http://localhost:9200/files/file" -d '{ "filename" : "foo.bar.txt" }'
curl -X POST "http://localhost:9200/files/_refresh"
并尝试搜索:
curl -XGET 'http://127.0.0.1:9200/files/file/_search?pretty=1' -d '{
"query" : {
"text" : {
"filename" : "2012.01"
}
}
}
'
# {
# "hits" : {
# "hits" : [
# {
# "_source" : {
# "filename" : "My_second_file_created_at_2012.01.13.pdf"
# },
# "_score" : 0.06780553,
# "_index" : "files",
# "_id" : "PsDvfFCkT4yvJnlguxJrrQ",
# "_type" : "file"
# },
# {
# "_source" : {
# "filename" : "My_first_file_created_at_2012.01.13.doc"
# },
# "_score" : 0.06780553,
# "_index" : "files",
# "_id" : "ER5RmyhATg-Eu92XNGRu-w",
# "_type" : "file"
# }
# ],
# "max_score" : 0.06780553,
# "total" : 2
# },
# "timed_out" : false,
# "_shards" : {
# "failed" : 0,
# "successful" : 5,
# "total" : 5
# },
# "took" : 4
# }
成功!
我意识到搜索2012.01
将使两者匹配2012.01.12
,2012.12.01
因此我尝试将查询更改为使用文本短语查询。但是,这没有用。事实证明,边缘ngram过滤器会增加每个ngram的位置计数(而我本以为每个ngram的位置将与单词开头相同)。
在点(3)中提到的问题使用时以上只是一个问题query_string
,field
或text
查询它试图匹配任何令牌。但是,对于text_phrase
查询,它将尝试以正确的顺序匹配所有令牌。
为了演示该问题,请使用不同的日期为另一个文档建立索引:
curl -X POST "http://localhost:9200/files/file" -d '{ "filename" : "My_third_file_created_at_2012.12.01.doc" }'curl -X POST "http://localhost:9200/files/_refresh"
并执行与上述相同的搜索:
curl -XGET 'http://127.0.0.1:9200/files/file/_search?pretty=1' -d '{
"query" : {
"text" : {
"filename" : {
"query" : "2012.01"
}
}
}
}
'
# {
# "hits" : {
# "hits" : [
# {
# "_source" : {
# "filename" : "My_third_file_created_at_2012.12.01.doc"
# },
# "_score" : 0.22097087,
# "_index" : "files",
# "_id" : "xmC51lIhTnWplOHADWJzaQ",
# "_type" : "file"
# },
# {
# "_source" : {
# "filename" : "My_first_file_created_at_2012.01.13.doc"
# },
# "_score" : 0.13137488,
# "_index" : "files",
# "_id" : "ZUezxDgQTsuAaCTVL9IJgg",
# "_type" : "file"
# },
# {
# "_source" : {
# "filename" : "My_second_file_created_at_2012.01.13.pdf"
# },
# "_score" : 0.13137488,
# "_index" : "files",
# "_id" : "XwLNnSlwSeyYtA2y64WuVw",
# "_type" : "file"
# }
# ],
# "max_score" : 0.22097087,
# "total" : 3
# },
# "timed_out" : false,
# "_shards" : {
# "failed" : 0,
# "successful" : 5,
# "total" : 5
# },
# "took" : 5
# }
第一个结果的日期2012.12.01
不是最匹配的日期2012.01
。因此,仅匹配该确切短语,我们可以执行以下操作:
curl -XGET 'http://127.0.0.1:9200/files/file/_search?pretty=1' -d '{
"query" : {
"text_phrase" : {
"filename" : {
"query" : "2012.01",
"analyzer" : "filename_index"
}
}
}
}
'
# {
# "hits" : {
# "hits" : [
# {
# "_source" : {
# "filename" : "My_first_file_created_at_2012.01.13.doc"
# },
# "_score" : 0.55737644,
# "_index" : "files",
# "_id" : "ZUezxDgQTsuAaCTVL9IJgg",
# "_type" : "file"
# },
# {
# "_source" : {
# "filename" : "My_second_file_created_at_2012.01.13.pdf"
# },
# "_score" : 0.55737644,
# "_index" : "files",
# "_id" : "XwLNnSlwSeyYtA2y64WuVw",
# "_type" : "file"
# }
# ],
# "max_score" : 0.55737644,
# "total" : 2
# },
# "timed_out" : false,
# "_shards" : {
# "failed" : 0,
# "successful" : 5,
# "total" : 5
# },
# "took" : 7
# }
或者,如果您仍然要匹配所有3个文件(因为用户可能会记住文件名中的某些单词,但顺序错误),则可以运行两个查询,但要以正确的顺序增加文件名的重要性:
curl -XGET 'http://127.0.0.1:9200/files/file/_search?pretty=1' -d '{
"query" : {
"bool" : {
"should" : [
{
"text_phrase" : {
"filename" : {
"boost" : 2,
"query" : "2012.01",
"analyzer" : "filename_index"
}
}
},
{
"text" : {
"filename" : "2012.01"
}
}
]
}
}
}
'
# [Fri Feb 24 16:31:02 2012] Response:
# {
# "hits" : {
# "hits" : [
# {
# "_source" : {
# "filename" : "My_first_file_created_at_2012.01.13.doc"
# },
# "_score" : 0.56892186,
# "_index" : "files",
# "_id" : "ZUezxDgQTsuAaCTVL9IJgg",
# "_type" : "file"
# },
# {
# "_source" : {
# "filename" : "My_second_file_created_at_2012.01.13.pdf"
# },
# "_score" : 0.56892186,
# "_index" : "files",
# "_id" : "XwLNnSlwSeyYtA2y64WuVw",
# "_type" : "file"
# },
# {
# "_source" : {
# "filename" : "My_third_file_created_at_2012.12.01.doc"
# },
# "_score" : 0.012931341,
# "_index" : "files",
# "_id" : "xmC51lIhTnWplOHADWJzaQ",
# "_type" : "file"
# }
# ],
# "max_score" : 0.56892186,
# "total" : 3
# },
# "timed_out" : false,
# "_shards" : {
# "failed" : 0,
# "successful" : 5,
# "total" : 5
# },
# "took" : 4
# }
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