JavaScript中的静态变量
如何在Javascript中创建静态变量?
回答:
如果您来自基于类的静态类型的面向对象的语言(例如Java,C++或C#),那么我假设您正在尝试创建与“类型”相关但与实例无关的变量或方法。
使用带有构造函数的“经典”方法的示例可能会帮助您了解基本的OO JavaScript概念:
function MyClass () { // constructor function var privateVariable = "foo"; // Private variable
this.publicVariable = "bar"; // Public variable
this.privilegedMethod = function () { // Public Method
alert(privateVariable);
};
}
// Instance method will be available to all instances but only load once in memory
MyClass.prototype.publicMethod = function () {
alert(this.publicVariable);
};
// Static variable shared by all instances
MyClass.staticProperty = "baz";
var myInstance = new MyClass();
staticProperty
是在MyClass对象(它是一个函数)中定义的,并且与创建的实例无关,JavaScript将函数视为一等对象,因此作为对象,可以为函数分配属性。
ES6引入了通过关键字声明类的功能class
。它是对现有基于原型的继承的语法糖。
该static
关键字允许您轻松地在一个类中定义的静态属性或方法。
让我们看一下上面用ES6类实现的示例:
class MyClass { // class constructor, equivalent to
// the function body of a constructor
constructor() {
const privateVariable = 'private value'; // Private variable at the constructor scope
this.publicVariable = 'public value'; // Public property
this.privilegedMethod = function() {
// Public Method with access to the constructor scope variables
console.log(privateVariable);
};
}
// Prototype methods:
publicMethod() {
console.log(this.publicVariable);
}
// Static properties shared by all instances
static staticProperty = 'static value';
static staticMethod() {
console.log(this.staticProperty);
}
}
// We can add properties to the class prototype
MyClass.prototype.additionalMethod = function() {
console.log(this.publicVariable);
};
var myInstance = new MyClass();
myInstance.publicMethod(); // "public value"
myInstance.additionalMethod(); // "public value"
myInstance.privilegedMethod(); // "private value"
MyClass.staticMethod(); // "static value"
以上是 JavaScript中的静态变量 的全部内容, 来源链接: utcz.com/qa/409776.html