详解SpringBoot如何实现整合微信登录

  • Z时代
  • 2024-01-10
  • 分类：IT

1.准备工作

1.1 获取微信登录凭证

前往官网微信开放平台 (qq.com)，完成以下步骤：

1.注册

2.邮箱激活

3.完善开发者资料

4.开发者资质认证

5.创建网站应用

1.2 配置文件

在配置文件application.properties添加相关配置信息：

# 微信开放平台 appid
wx.open.app_id=你的appid
# 微信开放平台 appsecret
wx.open.app_secret=你的appsecret
# 微信开放平台重定向url
wx.open.redirect_url=http://81/api/ucenter/wx/callback

1.3 添加依赖

<!--httpclient-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
    <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--commons-io-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
    <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--gson-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId>
    <artifactId>gson</artifactId>
</dependency>

1.4 创建读取公共常量的工具类

创建读取公共常量的工具类ConstantWxUtils：

/**
 * @author xppll
 * @date 2021/12/11 14:39
 */
@Component
public class ConstantWxUtils implements InitializingBean {
    @Value("${wx.open.app_id}")
    private String appId;
    @Value("${wx.open.app_secret}")
    private String appSecret;
    @Value("${wx.open.redirect_url}")
    private String redirectUrl;
    public static String WX_OPEN_APP_ID;
    public static String WX_OPEN_APP_SECRET;
    public static String WX_OPEN_REDIRECT_URL;
    @Override
    public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
        WX_OPEN_APP_ID = appId;
        WX_OPEN_APP_SECRET = appSecret;
        WX_OPEN_REDIRECT_URL = redirectUrl;
    }
}

1.5 HttpClient工具类

/**
 *  依赖的jar包有：commons-lang-2.6.jar、httpclient-4.3.2.jar、httpcore-4.3.1.jar、commons-io-2.4.jar
 * @author zhaoyb
 *
 */
public class HttpClientUtils {
   public static final int connTimeout=10000;
   public static final int readTimeout=10000;
   public static final String charset="UTF-8";
   private static HttpClient client = null;
   static {
      PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager cm = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
      cm.setMaxTotal(128);
      cm.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(128);
      client = HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(cm).build();
   }
   public static String postParameters(String url, String parameterStr) throws ConnectTimeoutException, SocketTimeoutException, Exception{
      return post(url,parameterStr,"application/x-www-form-urlencoded",charset,connTimeout,readTimeout);
   }
   public static String postParameters(String url, String parameterStr,String charset, Integer connTimeout, Integer readTimeout) throws ConnectTimeoutException, SocketTimeoutException, Exception{
      return post(url,parameterStr,"application/x-www-form-urlencoded",charset,connTimeout,readTimeout);
   }
   public static String postParameters(String url, Map<String, String> params) throws ConnectTimeoutException,
         SocketTimeoutException, Exception {
      return postForm(url, params, null, connTimeout, readTimeout);
   }
   public static String postParameters(String url, Map<String, String> params, Integer connTimeout,Integer readTimeout) throws ConnectTimeoutException,
         SocketTimeoutException, Exception {
      return postForm(url, params, null, connTimeout, readTimeout);
   }
   public static String get(String url) throws Exception {
      return get(url, charset, null, null);
   }
   public static String get(String url, String charset) throws Exception {
      return get(url, charset, connTimeout, readTimeout);
   }
   /**
    * 发送一个 Post 请求, 使用指定的字符集编码.
    *
    * @param url
    * @param body RequestBody
    * @param mimeType 例如 application/xml "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" a=1&b=2&c=3
    * @param charset 编码
    * @param connTimeout 建立链接超时时间,毫秒.
    * @param readTimeout 响应超时时间,毫秒.
    * @return ResponseBody, 使用指定的字符集编码.
    * @throws ConnectTimeoutException 建立链接超时异常
    * @throws SocketTimeoutException  响应超时
    * @throws Exception
    */
   public static String post(String url, String body, String mimeType,String charset, Integer connTimeout, Integer readTimeout)
         throws ConnectTimeoutException, SocketTimeoutException, Exception {
      HttpClient client = null;
      HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);
      String result = "";
      try {
         if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(body)) {
            HttpEntity entity = new StringEntity(body, ContentType.create(mimeType, charset));
            post.setEntity(entity);
         }
         // 设置参数
         Builder customReqConf = RequestConfig.custom();
         if (connTimeout != null) {
            customReqConf.setConnectTimeout(connTimeout);
         }
         if (readTimeout != null) {
            customReqConf.setSocketTimeout(readTimeout);
         }
         post.setConfig(customReqConf.build());
         HttpResponse res;
         if (url.startsWith("https")) {
            // 执行 Https 请求.
            client = createSSLInsecureClient();
            res = client.execute(post);
         } else {
            // 执行 Http 请求.
            client = HttpClientUtils.client;
            res = client.execute(post);
         }
         result = IOUtils.toString(res.getEntity().getContent(), charset);
      } finally {
         post.releaseConnection();
         if (url.startsWith("https") && client != null&& client instanceof CloseableHttpClient) {
            ((CloseableHttpClient) client).close();
         }
      }
      return result;
   }
   /**
    * 提交form表单
    *
    * @param url
    * @param params
    * @param connTimeout
    * @param readTimeout
    * @return
    * @throws ConnectTimeoutException
    * @throws SocketTimeoutException
    * @throws Exception
    */
   public static String postForm(String url, Map<String, String> params, Map<String, String> headers, Integer connTimeout,Integer readTimeout) throws ConnectTimeoutException,
         SocketTimeoutException, Exception {
      HttpClient client = null;
      HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);
      try {
         if (params != null && !params.isEmpty()) {
            List<NameValuePair> formParams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
            Set<Entry<String, String>> entrySet = params.entrySet();
            for (Entry<String, String> entry : entrySet) {
               formParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
            }
            UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formParams, Consts.UTF_8);
            post.setEntity(entity);
         }
         if (headers != null && !headers.isEmpty()) {
            for (Entry<String, String> entry : headers.entrySet()) {
               post.addHeader(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
            }
         }
         // 设置参数
         Builder customReqConf = RequestConfig.custom();
         if (connTimeout != null) {
            customReqConf.setConnectTimeout(connTimeout);
         }
         if (readTimeout != null) {
            customReqConf.setSocketTimeout(readTimeout);
         }
         post.setConfig(customReqConf.build());
         HttpResponse res = null;
         if (url.startsWith("https")) {
            // 执行 Https 请求.
            client = createSSLInsecureClient();
            res = client.execute(post);
         } else {
            // 执行 Http 请求.
            client = HttpClientUtils.client;
            res = client.execute(post);
         }
         return IOUtils.toString(res.getEntity().getContent(), "UTF-8");
      } finally {
         post.releaseConnection();
         if (url.startsWith("https") && client != null
               && client instanceof CloseableHttpClient) {
            ((CloseableHttpClient) client).close();
         }
      }
   }
   /**
    * 发送一个 GET 请求
    *
    * @param url
    * @param charset
    * @param connTimeout  建立链接超时时间,毫秒.
    * @param readTimeout  响应超时时间,毫秒.
    * @return
    * @throws ConnectTimeoutException   建立链接超时
    * @throws SocketTimeoutException   响应超时
    * @throws Exception
    */
   public static String get(String url, String charset, Integer connTimeout,Integer readTimeout)
         throws ConnectTimeoutException,SocketTimeoutException, Exception {
      HttpClient client = null;
      HttpGet get = new HttpGet(url);
      String result = "";
      try {
         // 设置参数
         Builder customReqConf = RequestConfig.custom();
         if (connTimeout != null) {
            customReqConf.setConnectTimeout(connTimeout);
         }
         if (readTimeout != null) {
            customReqConf.setSocketTimeout(readTimeout);
         }
         get.setConfig(customReqConf.build());
         HttpResponse res = null;
         if (url.startsWith("https")) {
            // 执行 Https 请求.
            client = createSSLInsecureClient();
            res = client.execute(get);
         } else {
            // 执行 Http 请求.
            client = HttpClientUtils.client;
            res = client.execute(get);
         }
         result = IOUtils.toString(res.getEntity().getContent(), charset);
      } finally {
         get.releaseConnection();
         if (url.startsWith("https") && client != null && client instanceof CloseableHttpClient) {
            ((CloseableHttpClient) client).close();
         }
      }
      return result;
   }
   /**
    * 从 response 里获取 charset
    *
    * @param ressponse
    * @return
    */
   @SuppressWarnings("unused")
   private static String getCharsetFromResponse(HttpResponse ressponse) {
      // Content-Type:text/html; charset=GBK
      if (ressponse.getEntity() != null  && ressponse.getEntity().getContentType() != null && ressponse.getEntity().getContentType().getValue() != null) {
         String contentType = ressponse.getEntity().getContentType().getValue();
         if (contentType.contains("charset=")) {
            return contentType.substring(contentType.indexOf("charset=") + 8);
         }
      }
      return null;
   }
   /**
    * 创建 SSL连接
    * @return
    * @throws GeneralSecurityException
    */
   private static CloseableHttpClient createSSLInsecureClient() throws GeneralSecurityException {
      try {
         SSLContext sslContext = new SSLContextBuilder().loadTrustMaterial(null, new TrustStrategy() {
            public boolean isTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain,String authType) throws CertificateException {
               return true;
            }
         }).build();
         SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslContext, new X509HostnameVerifier() {
            @Override
            public boolean verify(String arg0, SSLSession arg1) {
               return true;
            }
            @Override
            public void verify(String host, SSLSocket ssl)
                  throws IOException {
            }
            @Override
            public void verify(String host, X509Certificate cert)
                  throws SSLException {
            }
            @Override
            public void verify(String host, String[] cns,
                           String[] subjectAlts) throws SSLException {
            }
         });
         return HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf).build();
      } catch (GeneralSecurityException e) {
         throw e;
      }
   }
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      try {
         String str= post("https://localhost:443/ssl/test.shtml","name=12&page=34","application/x-www-form-urlencoded", "UTF-8", 10000, 10000);
         //String str= get("https://localhost:443/ssl/test.shtml?name=12&page=34","GBK");
            /*Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<String,String>();
            map.put("name", "111");
            map.put("page", "222");
            String str= postForm("https://localhost:443/ssl/test.shtml",map,null, 10000, 10000);*/
         System.out.println(str);
      } catch (ConnectTimeoutException e) {
         // TODO Auto-generated catch block
         e.printStackTrace();
      } catch (SocketTimeoutException e) {
         // TODO Auto-generated catch block
         e.printStackTrace();
      } catch (Exception e) {
         // TODO Auto-generated catch block
         e.printStackTrace();
      }
   }
}

2.实现微信登录

可以参考官方文档：[网站应用微信登录开发指南](准备工作 | 微信开放文档 (qq.com))

2.1 具体流程

  1. 第三方发起微信授权登录请求，微信用户允许授权第三方应用后，微信会拉起应用或重定向到第三方网站，并且带上授权临时票据code参数

  2. 通过code参数加上AppID和AppSecret等，通过API换取access_token

  3. 通过access_token进行接口调用，获取用户基本数据资源或帮助用户实现基本操作

获取access_token时序图：

2.2 生成微信扫描的二维码（请求CODE）

controller层：

/**
 * @author xppll
 * @date 2021/12/11 14:48
 */
@CrossOrigin
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/api/ucenter/wx")
public class WxApiController {
    @Autowired
    private UcenterMemberService memberService;
    /**
     * 生成微信扫描二维码
     * @return 定向到请求微信地址
     */
    @GetMapping("login")
    public String getWxCode() {
        //微信开放平台授权baseUrl
        String baseUrl = "https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/qrconnect" +
            "?appid=%s" +
            "&redirect_uri=%s" +
            "&response_type=code" +
            "&scope=snsapi_login" +
            "&state=%s" +
            "#wechat_redirect";
        //对redirect_url进行URLEncoder编码
        String redirectUrl = ConstantWxUtils.WX_OPEN_REDIRECT_URL;
        try {
            redirectUrl = URLEncoder.encode(redirectUrl, "UTF-8");
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            throw new GuliException(20001, e.getMessage());
        }
        //设置%s的值
        String url = String.format(
            baseUrl,
            ConstantWxUtils.WX_OPEN_APP_ID,
            redirectUrl,
            "atguigu"
        );
        //重定向到请求微信地址
        return "redirect:" + url;
    }
}

访问：http://localhost:8160/api/ucenter/wx/login

访问授权url后会得到一个微信登录二维码：

用户扫描二维码会看到确认登录的页面：

用户点击“确认登录”后，微信服务器会向谷粒学院的业务服务器发起回调，因此接下来我们需要开发回调controller

2.3 回调

具体分几步：

1.通过code获取access_token

https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token?appid=APPID&secret=SECRET&code=CODE&grant_type=authorization_code

参数是否必须说明
appid是应用唯一标识，在微信开放平台提交应用审核通过后获得
secret是应用密钥AppSecret，在微信开放平台提交应用审核通过后获得
code是填写第一步获取的code参数
grant_type是填authorization_code

2.从返回结果获取两个值access_token、openid

3.通过openid查询数据库判断该用户是不是第一次登录

4.如果是第一次登录，根据access_token和openid再去访问微信的资源服务器，获取用户信息，存入数据库

5.使用jwt根据member对象生成token字符串，最后返回首页面，通过路径传递token字符串

/**
 * 获取扫描人信息，添加数据
 * @param code 类似于手机验证码，随机唯一的值
 * @param state 用于保持请求和回调的状态，授权请求后原样带回给第三方
 * @return
 */
@GetMapping("callback")
public String callback(String code, String state) {
    try {
        //获取code值，临时票据类似于验证码
        //拿着code请求微信固定的地址，得到两个值
        //1.向认证服务器发送请求换取access_token
        String baseAccessTokenUrl =
                "https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token" +
                        "?appid=%s" +
                        "&secret=%s" +
                        "&code=%s" +
                        "&grant_type=authorization_code";
        //拼接三个参数：id 密钥 和 code值
        String accessTokenUrl = String.format(
                baseAccessTokenUrl,
                ConstantWxUtils.WX_OPEN_APP_ID,
                ConstantWxUtils.WX_OPEN_APP_SECRET,
                code
        );
        //2.请求拼接好的地址，得到返回的两个值access_token和openid
        //使用httpclient发送请求，得到返回结果(json形式的字符串)
        String accessTokenInfo = HttpClientUtils.get(accessTokenUrl);
        //从accessTokenInfo字符串获取两个值access_token、openid
        //把accessTokenInfo字符串转换为map集合，根据map里面的key获取值
        //这里使用json转换工具Gson
        Gson gson = new Gson();
        HashMap accessTokenMap = gson.fromJson(accessTokenInfo, HashMap.class);
        String access_token = (String) accessTokenMap.get("access_token");
        String openid = (String) accessTokenMap.get("openid");
        //3.判断该用户是不是第一次扫码登录
        //通过openid判断
        UcenterMember member = memberService.getOpenIdMember(openid);
        //4.只有第一次登录才获取信息
        if (member == null) {
            //根据access_token和openid再去访问微信的资源服务器，获取用户信息
            String baseUserInfoUrl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/userinfo" +
                    "?access_token=%s" +
                    "&openid=%s";
            String userInfoUrl = String.format(
                    baseUserInfoUrl,
                    access_token,
                    openid
            );
            //发送请求，得到用户信息
            String userInfo = HttpClientUtils.get(userInfoUrl);
            System.out.println(userInfo);
            //将用户信息存入数据库
            //把json转换为map
            HashMap userInfoMap = gson.fromJson(userInfo, HashMap.class);
            //得到nickname
            String nickname = (String) userInfoMap.get("nickname");
            //得到微信头像avatar
            String headimgurl = (String) userInfoMap.get("headimgurl");
            member = new UcenterMember();
            member.setOpenid(openid);
            member.setNickname(nickname);
            member.setAvatar(headimgurl);
            memberService.save(member);
        }
        //5.使用jwt根据member对象生成token字符串
        String jwtToken = JwtUtils.getJwtToken(member.getId(), member.getNickname());
        //最后返回首页面，通过路径传递token字符串
        return "redirect:http://localhost:3000?token=" + jwtToken;
    } catch (Exception e) {
        throw new GuliException(20001, "微信登录失败");
    }
}

判断该用户是不是第一次扫码登录

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