详谈jpa中表的@OneToMany等关联关系

目录

• 一、@OneToOne关系映射

• 1、通过外键的方式
• 2、通过关联表的方式来保存一对一的关系

• One 端
• Many 端

People.java
@Entity
public class People {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    @Column(name = "id", nullable = false)
    private Long id;//id
    @Column(name = "name", nullable = true, length = 20)
    private String name;//姓名
    @Column(name = "sex", nullable = true, length = 1)
    private String sex;//性别
    @Column(name = "birthday", nullable = true)
    private Timestamp birthday;//出生日期
    @OneToOne(cascade=CascadeType.ALL)//People是关系的维护端，当删除 people，会级联删除 address
    @JoinColumn(name = "address_id", referencedColumnName = "id")//people中的address_id字段参考address表中的id字段
    private Address address;//地址 
}

Address.java
@Entity
public class Address {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    @Column(name = "id", nullable = false)
    private Long id;//id
    @Column(name = "phone", nullable = true, length = 11)
    private String phone;//手机
    @Column(name = "zipcode", nullable = true, length = 6)
    private String zipcode;//邮政编码
    @Column(name = "address", nullable = true, length = 100)
    private String address;//地址
    //如果不需要根据Address级联查询People，可以注释掉
//    @OneToOne(mappedBy = "address", cascade = {CascadeType.MERGE, CascadeType.REFRESH}, optional = false)
//    private People people;
}

People.java
@Entity
public class People {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    @Column(name = "id", nullable = false)
    private Long id;//id
    @Column(name = "name", nullable = true, length = 20)
    private String name;//姓名
    @Column(name = "sex", nullable = true, length = 1)
    private String sex;//性别
    @Column(name = "birthday", nullable = true)
    private Timestamp birthday;//出生日期
    @OneToOne(cascade=CascadeType.ALL)//People是关系的维护端
    @JoinTable(name = "people_address",
            joinColumns = @JoinColumn(name="people_id"),
            inverseJoinColumns = @JoinColumn(name = "address_id"))//通过关联表保存一对一的关系
    private Address address;//地址 
}

Author.java
@Entity
public class Author { 
    @Id // 主键
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) // 自增长策略
    private Long id; //id
    @NotEmpty(message = "姓名不能为空")
    @Size(min=2, max=20)
    @Column(nullable = false, length = 20)
    private String name;//姓名
    @OneToMany(mappedBy = "author",cascade=CascadeType.ALL,fetch=FetchType.LAZY)
    //级联保存、更新、删除、刷新;延迟加载。当删除用户，会级联删除该用户的所有文章
    //拥有mappedBy注解的实体类为关系被维护端
     //mappedBy="author"中的author是Article中的author属性
    private List<Article> articleList;//文章列表  
}

Article.java
@Entity
public class Article { 
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) // 自增长策略
    @Column(name = "id", nullable = false)
    private Long id;
    @NotEmpty(message = "标题不能为空")
    @Size(min = 2, max = 50)
    @Column(nullable = false, length = 50) // 映射为字段，值不能为空
    private String title;
    @Lob  // 大对象，映射 MySQL 的 Long Text 类型
    @Basic(fetch = FetchType.LAZY) // 懒加载
    @NotEmpty(message = "内容不能为空")
    @Size(min = 2)
    @Column(nullable = false) // 映射为字段，值不能为空
    private String content;//文章全文内容 
    @ManyToOne(cascade={CascadeType.MERGE,CascadeType.REFRESH},optional=false)//可选属性optional=false,表示author不能为空。删除文章，不影响用户
    @JoinColumn(name="author_id")//设置在article表中的关联字段(外键)
    private Author author;//所属作者  
}

User.java
@Entity
public class User { 
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long id;
    @NotEmpty(message = "账号不能为空")
    @Size(min=3, max=20)
    @Column(nullable = false, length = 20, unique = true)
    private String username; // 用户账号，用户登录时的唯一标识
    @NotEmpty(message = "密码不能为空")
    @Size(max=100)
    @Column(length = 100)
    private String password; // 登录时密码
    @ManyToMany
    @JoinTable(name = "user_authority",joinColumns = @JoinColumn(name = "user_id"),
    inverseJoinColumns = @JoinColumn(name = "authority_id"))
    //1、关系维护端，负责多对多关系的绑定和解除
    //2、@JoinTable注解的name属性指定关联表的名字，joinColumns指定外键的名字，关联到关系维护端(User)
    //3、inverseJoinColumns指定外键的名字，要关联的关系被维护端(Authority)
    //4、其实可以不使用@JoinTable注解，默认生成的关联表名称为主表表名+下划线+从表表名，
    //即表名为user_authority
    //关联到主表的外键名：主表名+下划线+主表中的主键列名,即user_id
    //关联到从表的外键名：主表中用于关联的属性名+下划线+从表的主键列名,即authority_id
    //主表就是关系维护端对应的表，从表就是关系被维护端对应的表
    private List<Authority> authorityList; 
}

Authority.java
@Entity
public class Authority {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Integer id;
    @Column(nullable = false)
    private String name; //权限名
    @ManyToMany(mappedBy = "authorityList")
    private List<User> userList;
}

@SpringBootTest
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
public class UserRepositoryTest { 
    @Autowired
    private UserRepository userRepository;
    @Autowired
    private AuthorityRepository authorityRepository;
    @Test
    public void saveAuthority() {
        Authority authority = new Authority();
        authority.setId(1);
        authority.setName("ROLE_ADMIN");
        authorityRepository.save(authority);
    }
    @Test
    public void saveUser() {
        User user = new User();
        user.setUsername("admin");
        user.setPassword("123456");
        Authority authority = authorityRepository.findById(1).get();
        List<Authority> authorityList = new ArrayList<>();
        authorityList.add(authority);
        user.setAuthorList(authorityList);
        userRepository.save(user);
    } 
}

@SpringBootTest
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
public class UserRepositoryTest { 
    @Autowired
    private UserRepository userRepository;
    @Test
    public void deleteUser() {
        userRepository.deleteById(1L);
    } 
}