java高并发之线程组详解

线程组

我们可以把线程归属到某个线程组中,线程组可以包含多个线程以及线程组,线程和线程组组成了父子关系,是个树形结构,如下图:

640?wx_fmt=png

使用线程组可以方便管理线程,线程组提供了一些方法方便方便我们管理线程。

创建线程关联线程组

创建线程的时候,可以给线程指定一个线程组,代码如下:

package com.itsoku.chat02;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**

* <b>description</b>:<br>

* <b>time</b>:2019/7/13 17:53 <br>

* <b>author</b>:微信公众号:路人甲Java,专注于java技术分享(带你玩转 爬虫、分布式事务、异步消息服务、任务调度、分库分表、大数据等),喜欢请关注!

*/

public class Demo1 {

public static class R1 implements Runnable {

@Override

public void run() {

System.out.println("threadName:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());

try {

TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

ThreadGroup threadGroup = new ThreadGroup("thread-group-1");

Thread t1 = new Thread(threadGroup, new R1(), "t1");

Thread t2 = new Thread(threadGroup, new R1(), "t2");

t1.start();

t2.start();

TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);

System.out.println("活动线程数:" + threadGroup.activeCount());

System.out.println("活动线程组:" + threadGroup.activeGroupCount());

System.out.println("线程组名称:" + threadGroup.getName());

}

}

输出结果:

threadName:t1

threadName:t2

活动线程数:2

活动线程组:0

线程组名称:thread-group-1

activeCount()方法可以返回线程组中的所有活动线程数,包含下面的所有子孙节点的线程,由于线程组中的线程是动态变化的,这个值只能是一个估算值。

为线程组指定父线程组

创建线程组的时候,可以给其指定一个父线程组,也可以不指定,如果不指定父线程组,则父线程组为当前线程的线程组,java api有2个常用的构造方法用来创建线程组:

public ThreadGroup(String name)

public ThreadGroup(ThreadGroup parent, String name)

第一个构造方法未指定父线程组,看一下内部的实现:

public ThreadGroup(String name) {

this(Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup(), name);

}

系统自动获取当前线程的线程组作为默认父线程组。

上一段示例代码:

package com.itsoku.chat02;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**

* <b>description</b>:<br>

* <b>time</b>:2019/7/13 17:53 <br>

* <b>author</b>:微信公众号:路人甲Java,专注于java技术分享(带你玩转 爬虫、分布式事务、异步消息服务、任务调度、分库分表、大数据等),喜欢请关注!

*/

public class Demo2 {

public static class R1 implements Runnable {

@Override

public void run() {

Thread thread = Thread.currentThread();

System.out.println("所属线程组:" + thread.getThreadGroup().getName() + ",线程名称:" + thread.getName());

try {

TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

ThreadGroup threadGroup1 = new ThreadGroup("thread-group-1");

Thread t1 = new Thread(threadGroup1, new R1(), "t1");

Thread t2 = new Thread(threadGroup1, new R1(), "t2");

t1.start();

t2.start();

TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);

System.out.println("threadGroup1活动线程数:" + threadGroup1.activeCount());

System.out.println("threadGroup1活动线程组:" + threadGroup1.activeGroupCount());

System.out.println("threadGroup1线程组名称:" + threadGroup1.getName());

System.out.println("threadGroup1父线程组名称:" + threadGroup1.getParent().getName());

System.out.println("----------------------");

ThreadGroup threadGroup2 = new ThreadGroup(threadGroup1, "thread-group-2");

Thread t3 = new Thread(threadGroup2, new R1(), "t3");

Thread t4 = new Thread(threadGroup2, new R1(), "t4");

t3.start();

t4.start();

TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);

System.out.println("threadGroup2活动线程数:" + threadGroup2.activeCount());

System.out.println("threadGroup2活动线程组:" + threadGroup2.activeGroupCount());

System.out.println("threadGroup2线程组名称:" + threadGroup2.getName());

System.out.println("threadGroup2父线程组名称:" + threadGroup2.getParent().getName());

System.out.println("----------------------");

System.out.println("threadGroup1活动线程数:" + threadGroup1.activeCount());

System.out.println("threadGroup1活动线程组:" + threadGroup1.activeGroupCount());

System.out.println("----------------------");

threadGroup1.list();

}

}

输出结果:

所属线程组:thread-group-1,线程名称:t1

所属线程组:thread-group-1,线程名称:t2

threadGroup1活动线程数:2

threadGroup1活动线程组:0

threadGroup1线程组名称:thread-group-1

threadGroup1父线程组名称:main

----------------------

所属线程组:thread-group-2,线程名称:t4

所属线程组:thread-group-2,线程名称:t3

threadGroup2活动线程数:2

threadGroup2活动线程组:0

threadGroup2线程组名称:thread-group-2

threadGroup2父线程组名称:thread-group-1

----------------------

threadGroup1活动线程数:4

threadGroup1活动线程组:1

----------------------

java.lang.ThreadGroup[name=thread-group-1,maxpri=10]

Thread[t1,5,thread-group-1]

Thread[t2,5,thread-group-1]

java.lang.ThreadGroup[name=thread-group-2,maxpri=10]

Thread[t3,5,thread-group-2]

Thread[t4,5,thread-group-2]

代码解释:

1.threadGroup1未指定父线程组,系统获取了主线程的线程组作为threadGroup1的父线程组,输出结果中是:main

2.threadGroup1为threadGroup2的父线程组

3.threadGroup1活动线程数为4,包含了threadGroup1线程组中的t1、t2,以及子线程组threadGroup2中的t3、t4

4.线程组的list()方法,将线程组中的所有子孙节点信息输出到控制台,用于调试使用

根线程组

获取根线程组

package com.itsoku.chat02;

/**

* <b>description</b>:<br>

* <b>time</b>:2019/7/13 17:53 <br>

* <b>author</b>:微信公众号:路人甲Java,专注于java技术分享(带你玩转 爬虫、分布式事务、异步消息服务、任务调度、分库分表、大数据等),喜欢请关注!

*/

public class Demo3 {

public static void main(String[] args) {

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread());

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup());

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup().getParent());

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup().getParent().getParent());

}

}

运行上面代码,输出:

Thread[main,5,main]

java.lang.ThreadGroup[name=main,maxpri=10]

java.lang.ThreadGroup[name=system,maxpri=10]

null

从上面代码可以看出:

1.主线程的线程组为main

2.根线程组为system

看一下ThreadGroup的源码:

private ThreadGroup() { // called from C code

this.name = "system";

this.maxPriority = Thread.MAX_PRIORITY;

this.parent = null;

}

发现ThreadGroup默认构造方法是private的,是由c调用的,创建的正是system线程组。

批量停止线程

调用线程组interrupt(),会将线程组树下的所有子孙线程中断标志置为true,可以用来批量中断线程。

示例代码:

package com.itsoku.chat02;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**

* <b>description</b>:<br>

* <b>time</b>:2019/7/13 17:53 <br>

* <b>author</b>:微信公众号:路人甲Java,专注于java技术分享(带你玩转 爬虫、分布式事务、异步消息服务、任务调度、分库分表、大数据等),喜欢请关注!

*/

public class Demo4 {

public static class R1 implements Runnable {

@Override

public void run() {

Thread thread = Thread.currentThread();

System.out.println("所属线程组:" + thread.getThreadGroup().getName() + ",线程名称:" + thread.getName());

while (!thread.isInterrupted()) {

;

}

System.out.println("线程:" + thread.getName() + "停止了!");

}

}

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

ThreadGroup threadGroup1 = new ThreadGroup("thread-group-1");

Thread t1 = new Thread(threadGroup1, new R1(), "t1");

Thread t2 = new Thread(threadGroup1, new R1(), "t2");

t1.start();

t2.start();

ThreadGroup threadGroup2 = new ThreadGroup(threadGroup1, "thread-group-2");

Thread t3 = new Thread(threadGroup2, new R1(), "t3");

Thread t4 = new Thread(threadGroup2, new R1(), "t4");

t3.start();

t4.start();

TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);

System.out.println("-----------threadGroup1信息-----------");

threadGroup1.list();

System.out.println("----------------------");

System.out.println("停止线程组:" + threadGroup1.getName() + "中的所有子孙线程");

threadGroup1.interrupt();

TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);

System.out.println("----------threadGroup1停止后,输出信息------------");

threadGroup1.list();

}

}

输出:

所属线程组:thread-group-1,线程名称:t1

所属线程组:thread-group-1,线程名称:t2

所属线程组:thread-group-2,线程名称:t3

所属线程组:thread-group-2,线程名称:t4

-----------threadGroup1信息-----------

java.lang.ThreadGroup[name=thread-group-1,maxpri=10]

Thread[t1,5,thread-group-1]

Thread[t2,5,thread-group-1]

java.lang.ThreadGroup[name=thread-group-2,maxpri=10]

Thread[t3,5,thread-group-2]

Thread[t4,5,thread-group-2]

----------------------

停止线程组:thread-group-1中的所有子孙线程

线程:t4停止了!

线程:t2停止了!

线程:t1停止了!

线程:t3停止了!

----------threadGroup1停止后,输出信息------------

java.lang.ThreadGroup[name=thread-group-1,maxpri=10]

java.lang.ThreadGroup[name=thread-group-2,maxpri=10]

停止线程之后,通过list()方法可以看出输出的信息中不包含已结束的线程了。

总结

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