C++11中列表初始化机制的概念与实例详解

目录

• 概述
• 实现机制详解

• POD类型的列表初始化
• 含有构造函数的类的列表初始化（C++11）
• 列表初始化用于函数返回值
• 引入std::initializer_list

class testClass
{
private:
	int a;
	int b;
public:
	testClass() :a(0), b(0) {
		cout << "default init\n";
	}
	testClass(int a) :a(a), b(a) {
		cout << "sing-val init\n";
	}
	testClass(int a, int b) :a(a), b(b) {
		cout << "val init\n";
	}
	testClass(testClass& temp) :a(temp.a), b(temp.b) {
		cout << "copy init\n";
	}
	testClass& operator=(testClass& temp) {
		//testClass& newobj = *this;
		a = temp.a;
		b = temp.b;
		cout << "copy assign\n";
		return *this;
	}
	testClass& operator=(int x) {
		a = x;
		b = x;
		cout << "int-convert assign\n";
		//testClass& newobj = *this;
		return *this;
	}
	testClass& operator++() {
		a++;
		b++;
	}
	void printVal(ostream& os) {
		os << "a=" << a << "\n";
		os << "b=" << b << "\n";
	}
};
using tc = testClass;
tc& makeObj(int x, int y)
{
	return { x,y };
}
int main()
{
	tc a(1, 1); //val init
	tc b{ 1,1 }; //val init
	tc c = { 1,1 }; //val init
	tc d = tc{ 1,1 }; //val init
	cout << endl;
	tc* e = new tc[2]; //default init *2
	cout << endl;
	tc* f = new tc[3]{ {1,1},{2,2},{3,3} }; //val init *3
	cout << endl;
	tc* g = new tc[5]{ {1,1},{1} }; // val init + sing-val init + default init *3
	cout << endl;
	cout << "testing return val of init_list\n";
	tc h = makeObj(2, 2); //val init
	tc i = h; //copy init
	i = d; //copy assign
	i.printVal(cout);
	return 0;
}

testClass::testClass(initializer_list<int> list) :a(0), b(0)
{
	int ab = 1;
	for (auto it = list.begin(); it != list.end(); it++)
	{
		if (ab)
			a += *it;
		else
			b += *it;
	}
	cout << "init_list init\n";
}
int main()
{
	tc a(1, 1); //val init
	tc b{ 1,1 }; //val init
	tc c = { 1,1 }; //val init
	tc d = tc{ 1,1 }; //val init
	cout << endl;
	tc* e = new tc[2]; //default init *2
	cout << endl;
	tc* f = new tc[3]{ {1,1},{2,2},{3,3} }; //val init *3
	cout << endl;
	tc* g = new tc[5]{ {1,1},{1} }; // val init + sing-val init + default init *3
	cout << endl;
	cout << "testing return val of init_list\n";
	tc h = makeObj(2, 2); //val init
	tc i = h; //copy init
	i = d; //copy assign
	i.printVal(cout);
	cout << endl;
	cout << "testing argument init_list\n";
	tc j = { 1,2,3,4,5,6 };
	tc k = { 9 };
	return 0;
}

int a = 1.1; //OK
int b{ 1.1 }; //error
float f1 = 1e40; //OK
float f2{ 1e40 }; //error
const int x = 1024, y = 1;
char c = x; //OK
char d{ x };//error
char e = y;//error
char f{ y };//error