C语言实现学生管理系统
本文实例为大家分享了C语言实现学生管理系统的具体代码，供大家参考，具体内容如下
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
typedef struct student{
long number;//学号
char name[10];//姓名
char sex[3];//性别
int age;//年龄
float Chinese;//语文
float Math;//数学
float English;//英语
float sum;//求和
float average;//平均分
struct student *next;
}Stu,*StuList;
//函数声明
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
StuList creat(void);//总创建
StuList creat1(void);//键盘接收
StuList creat2(void);//读取文件
StuList changes(StuList head);//更新
StuList modify(StuList head,long num);//修改
StuList del(StuList head,long num);//删除
StuList insert(StuList head,StuList stud);//插入
StuList input(StuList head,StuList p1);//录取信息
void sort(StuList head);//排序
void total_average_sort(StuList head);//求总分排序
void chinese_sort(StuList head);//求语文排序
void math_sort(StuList head);//数学排序
void english_sort(StuList head);//英语排序
void print(StuList head);//遍历
void Statistics(StuList head);//统计
void search(StuList head);//查找
void numsearch(StuList head,long num);//学号查找
void namesearch(StuList head,char name[]);//名字查找
int n;//计算学生的总个数
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
StuList creat(void)//总创建
{
StuList head;
int k;
head=NULL;
printf("输入学生信息的方式：1.从键盘输入 2.从文件读入 0.退出\n");
printf("请选择：");
scanf("%d",&k);
switch(k)
{
case 1:head=creat1();break;
case 2:head=creat2();break;
case 0:break;
default:printf("输入错误，请重新输入！\n");
}
return head;
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
StuList creat1(void)//从键盘接入
{
StuList head,p1;
n=0;
p1=(StuList)malloc(sizeof(Stu));//生成一个新的节点
printf("请输入学生信息！\n");
head=NULL;
p1=input(head,p1);//让p1指向已经赋值的结构体
while(p1->number!=0)
{
head=insert(head,p1);
p1=(StuList)malloc(sizeof(Stu));
p1=input(head,p1);
}
return head;
}
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
StuList creat2(void)//从文件读取
{
FILE *fp;
StuList head,p1;
n=0;
head=NULL;
if((fp=fopen("1.txt","r"))==NULL)
{
printf("打开文件失败！\n");
exit(0);
}
p1=(StuList)malloc(sizeof(Stu));
while(!feof(fp))//检测文件是否处在文件末尾如文件处在末尾则为1否则为0
{
fscanf(fp,"%ld%s%s%d%f%f%f%f%f\n",&p1->number,p1->name,p1->sex,&p1->age,&p1->Chinese,&p1->Math,&p1->English,&p1->sum,&p1->average);
head=insert(head,p1);
p1=(StuList)malloc(sizeof(Stu));
};
fclose(fp);
return head;
}
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
StuList input(StuList head,StuList p1)//录取信息的函数
{
int i,f,k;
StuList p2;
loop:printf("学号（为整数，输入0时返回上一级）:");
scanf("%ld",&p1->number);
if(p1->number<0)
{
printf("学号不能为负数，请重新输入！\n");
goto loop;
}
else{
if(p1->number==0)
return p1;
else
{
p2=head;
f=0;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
if(p1->number==p2->number)
{
f=1;
break;
}
p2=p2->next;
}
}
if(f)
{
printf("学号不能重复，请重新输入！\n");
goto loop;
}
}
printf("姓名:");
scanf("%s",p1->name);
loop1:printf("性别: 1.男 2.女\n");
printf("请选择性别:");
scanf("%d",&k);
switch(k)
{
case 1:strcpy(p1->sex,"男");break;
case 2:strcpy(p1->sex,"女");break;
default:printf("性别只能是“男”或“女”，请重新输入！\n");
goto loop1;
}
printf("年龄:");
scanf("%d",&p1->age);
while(p1->age<0||p1->age>120)
{
printf("你输入的年龄不符合实际情况，请重新输入！\n");
printf("年龄:");
scanf("%d",&p1->age);
}
printf("语文成绩:");
scanf("%f",&p1->Chinese);
while(p1->Chinese<0||p1->Chinese>100)
{
printf("你输入的语文成绩不符合实际情况，请重新输入！\n");
printf("语文成绩:");
scanf("%f",&p1->Chinese);
}
printf("数学成绩:");
scanf("%f",&p1->Math);
while(p1->Math<0||p1->Math>100)
{
printf("你输入的数学成绩不符合实际情况，请重新输入！\n");
printf("数学成绩:");
scanf("%f",&p1->Math);
}
printf("英语成绩:");
scanf("%f",&p1->English);
while(p1->English<0||p1->English>100)
{
printf("你输入的英语成绩不符合实际情况，请重新输入！\n");
printf("英语成绩:");
scanf("%f",&p1->English);
}
p1->sum=p1->Chinese+p1->Math+p1->English;
p1->average=p1->sum/3;
return p1;
}
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
StuList insert(StuList head,StuList stud)
{
StuList p0,p1,p2;
p1=head;
p0=stud;
if(head==NULL)
{
head=p0;p0->next=NULL;
}
else
{
while((p0->number>p1->number)&&(p1->next!=NULL))
{
p2=p1;
p1=p1->next;
}
if(p0->number<=p1->number)
{
if(head==p1)
{
head=p0;
}
else
{
p2->next=p0;
p0->next=p1;
}
}
else
{
p1->next=p0;
p0->next=NULL;
}
}
n=n+1;
return head;
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void search(StuList head)
{
int k;
long num;
char name[10];
if(n==0)
{
printf("数据库为空，没有学生的记录！\n");
return;
}
else{
do{
printf("1. 按学号查找 2. 按姓名查找 0. 返回上一级\n");
printf("请选择:");
scanf("%d",&k);
switch(k)
{
case 1:do{
printf("学号（为整数，输入0时跳出按学号查找）:");
scanf("%ld",&num);
if(num>0)
numsearch(head,num);
if(num<0)
printf("输入错误，请重新选择！\n");
}while(num!=0);
break;
case 2:do{
printf("姓名（输入0时跳出按姓名查找）:");
scanf("%s",name);
printf("学号\t\t姓名\t性别\t年龄\t语文\t数学\t英语\t总分\t平均分\n");
namesearch(head,name);
}while(strcmp(name,"0")!=0);
break;
case 0:break;
default:printf("输入错误，请重新选择！\n");
}
}while(k!=0);
}
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void numsearch(StuList head,long num)
{
StuList p1;
p1=head;
while(p1!=NULL)
{
if(num==p1->number)
{
printf("学号\t\t姓名\t性别\t年龄\t语文\t数学\t英语\t总分\t平均分\n");
printf("%ld\t%s\t%s\t%d\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\n",p1->number,p1->name,p1->sex,p1->age,p1->Chinese,p1->Math,p1->English,p1->sum,p1->average);
return;
}
p1=p1->next;
}
printf("没有找到你要查找的学生信息！\n");
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void namesearch(StuList head,char name[])
{
int a=1;
StuList p1;
p1=head;
while(p1!=NULL)
{
if(strcmp(name,p1->name)==0)
{
printf("%ld\t%s\t%s\t%d\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\n",p1->number,p1->name,p1->sex,p1->age,p1->Chinese,p1->Math,p1->English,p1->sum,p1->average);
a=0;
}
p1=p1->next;
}
if(a)
{
printf("没有找到你要查找的学生信息！\n");
}
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
StuList changes(StuList head)
{
StuList p1;
int k;
long num;
do{
printf("1. 修改 2. 删除 3. 插入 0. 返回上一级\n");
printf("请选择:");
scanf("%d",&k);
switch(k)
{
case 1:if(n==0)
{
printf("数据库为空，没有学生的记录！\n");break;
}
else
do{
printf("请输入学生的学号（学号应为整数，输入0时跳出修改数据）:");
scanf("%ld",&num);
if(num>0)
head=modify(head,num);
if(num<0)
printf("学号不能为负数，请重新输入！\n");
}while(num!=0);
break;
case 2:if(n==0)
{
printf("数据库为空，没有学生信息！\n");
break;
}
else
do{
printf("请输入要删除的学生的学号（学号应为整数，输入0时跳出删除元素）:");
scanf("%ld",&num);
if(num>0)
head=del(head,num);
if(num<0)
printf("学号不能为负数，请重新输入！\n");
}while(num!=0);
break;
case 3:printf("请输入学生信息！\n");
p1=(StuList )malloc(sizeof(Stu));
p1=input(head,p1);
while(p1->number!=0)
{
head=insert(head,p1);
print(head);
printf("请输入学生信息！\n");
p1=(StuList )malloc(sizeof(Stu));
p1=input(head,p1);
}
break;
case 0:break;
default:printf("输入错误，请重新输入！\n");
}
}while(k!=0);
return(head);
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
StuList modify(StuList head,long num)
{
StuList p1;
int k,m;
p1=head;
while(p1->next!=NULL)
{
if(p1->number==num)
break;
p1=p1->next;
}
if(p1->number==num)
{
do{
printf("1.姓名 2.性别 3.年龄 4.语文成绩 5.数学成绩 6.英语成绩 0.返回上一级\n");
printf("请选择:");
scanf("%d",&k);
switch(k)
{
case 1:printf("姓名:");scanf("%s",p1->name);printf("修改成功！\n");break;
case 2:loop2:printf("性别: 1.男 2.女\n");
printf("请选择性别:");
scanf("%d",&m);
switch(m)
{
case 1:strcpy(p1->sex,"男");break;
case 2:strcpy(p1->sex,"女");break;
default:printf("性别只能是“男”或“女”，请重新输入！\n");goto loop2;}
printf("修改成功！\n");
break;
case 3:printf("年龄:");
scanf("%d",&p1->age);
while(p1->age<0||p1->age>120)
{
printf("你输入的年龄不符合实际情况，请重新输入！\n");
printf("年龄:");
scanf("%d",&p1->age);
}
printf("修改成功！\n");
break;
case 4:printf("语文成绩:");
scanf("%f",&p1->Chinese);
while(p1->Chinese<0||p1->Chinese>100)
{
printf("你输入的语文成绩不符合实际情况，请重新输入！\n");
printf("语文成绩:");
scanf("%f",&p1->Chinese);
}
p1->sum=p1->Chinese+p1->Math+p1->English;
p1->average=p1->sum/3;
printf("修改成功！\n");
break;
case 5:printf("数学成绩:");
scanf("%f",&p1->Math);
while(p1->Math<0||p1->Math>100){
printf("你输入的数学成绩不符合实际情况，请重新输入！\n");
printf("数学成绩:");
scanf("%f",&p1->Math);}
p1->sum=p1->Chinese+p1->Math+p1->English;
p1->average=p1->sum/3;
printf("修改成功！\n");
break;
case 6:printf("英语成绩:");
scanf("%f",&p1->English);
while(p1->English<0||p1->English>100){
printf("年输入的英语成绩不符合实际情况，请重新输入！\n");
printf("英语成绩:");
scanf("%f",&p1->English);}
p1->sum=p1->Chinese+p1->Math+p1->English;
p1->average=p1->sum/3;
printf("修改成功！\n");break;
case 0:break;
default:printf("输入错误，请重新选择！\n");
}
}while(k!=0);
print(head);
}
else
printf("没有找到你要修改的学生的信息！\n");
return(head);
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void total_average_sort(StuList head)
{
StuList p1,p2;
int j=0;
float max,k=301;
printf("学号\t\t姓名\t性别\t年龄\t语文\t数学\t英语\t总分\t平均分\n");
do{
max=0;
for(p1=head;p1;p1=p1->next)
if(p1->sum>max&&p1->sum<k)
{
max=p1->sum;
p2=p1;
}
k=max;
for(p1=p2;p1;p1=p1->next)
if(p1->sum==max)
{
printf("%ld\t%s\t%s\t%d\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\n",p1->number,p1->name,p1->sex,p1->age,p1->Chinese,p1->Math,p1->English,p1->sum,p1->average);
j++;
}
}while(j<n);
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void chinese_sort(StuList head)
{
int j=0;
float k=101,max;
StuList p1,p2;
printf("学号\t\t姓名\t性别\t年龄\t语文\t数学\t英语\t总分\t平均分\n");
do{
max=0;
for(p1=head;p1;p1=p1->next)
if(p1->Chinese>max&&p1->Chinese<k)
{
max=p1->Chinese;
p2=p1;
}
k=max;
for(p1=p2;p1;p1=p1->next)
if(p1->Chinese==max)
{
printf("%ld\t%s\t%s\t%d\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\n",p1->number,p1->name,p1->sex,p1->age,p1->Chinese,p1->Math,p1->English,p1->sum,p1->average);
j++;
}
}while(j<n);
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void math_sort(StuList head)
{
int j=0;
float k=101,max;
StuList p1,p2;
printf("学号\t\t姓名\t性别\t年龄\t语文\t数学\t英语\t总分\t平均分\n");
do{
max=0;
for(p1=head;p1;p1=p1->next)
if(p1->Math>max&&p1->Math<k){
max=p1->Math;
p2=p1;}
k=max;
for(p1=p2;p1;p1=p1->next)
if(p1->Math==max){
printf("%ld\t%s\t%s\t%d\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\n",p1->number,p1->name,p1->sex,p1->age,p1->Chinese,p1->Math,p1->English,p1->sum,p1->average);
j++;}
}while(j<n);
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void english_sort(StuList head)
{
int j=0;
float k=101,max;
StuList p1,p2;
printf("学号\t\t姓名\t性别\t年龄\t语文\t数学\t英语\t总分\t平均分\n");
do{
max=0;
for(p1=head;p1;p1=p1->next)
if(p1->English>max&&p1->English<k){
max=p1->English;
p2=p1;}
k=max;
for(p1=p2;p1;p1=p1->next)
if(p1->English==max){
printf("%ld\t%s\t%s\t%d\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\n",p1->number,p1->name,p1->sex,p1->age,p1->Chinese,p1->Math,p1->English,p1->sum,p1->average);
j++;}
}while(j<n);
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void sort(StuList head)
{
int k;
if(n==0)
{
printf("数据库为空，没有学生记录！\n");
return;
}
do{
printf("1.按学号排序 2.按总分和平均分排序 3.按语文成绩排序 4.按数学成绩排序 5.按英语成绩排序 0.返回上一级\n");
printf("请选择:");
scanf("%d",&k);
switch(k)
{
case 1:print(head);break;
case 2:total_average_sort(head);break;
case 3:chinese_sort(head);break;
case 4:math_sort(head);break;
case 5:english_sort(head);break;
case 0:break;
default:printf("输入错误，请重新输入！\n");
}
}while(k!=0);
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
StuList del(StuList head,long num)
{
StuList p1,p2;
if(head==NULL)
{
printf("数据库为空，没有学生记录！ \n");
goto end;
}
p1=head;
while(num!=p1->number&&p1->next!=NULL)
{
p2=p1;p1=p1->next;
}
if(num==p1->number)
{
if(p1==head)
{
head=p1->next;
printf("删除成功！\n");
}
else
{
p2->next=p1->next;
printf("删除成功！\n");
}
n=n-1;
print(head);
}
else printf("没有找到你要删除的学生信息！\n",num);
end:;
return head;
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void Statistics(StuList head)
{
StuList p1;
int i,c=0,m=0,e=0;
float cmax=0,mmax=0,emax=0,summax=0,averagemax=0;
if(n==0)
{
printf("数据库为空，没有学生的信息！\n");
return;
}
p1=head;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
if(p1->Chinese>=cmax)
cmax=p1->Chinese;
if(p1->Math>=mmax)
mmax=p1->Math;
if(p1->English>=emax)
emax=p1->English;
if(p1->sum>=summax)
summax=p1->sum;
if(p1->average>=averagemax)
averagemax=p1->average;
if(p1->Chinese<60)
c++;
if(p1->Math<60)
m++;
if(p1->English<60)
e++;
p1=p1->next;
}
printf("总成绩最高分:%5.1f\n",summax);
printf("平成绩最高分:%5.1f\n",averagemax);
printf("语文成绩最高粉:%5.1f\n",cmax);
printf("数学成绩最高分:%5.1f\n",mmax);
printf("英语成绩最高分:%5.1f\n",emax);
printf("语文成绩没有及格的人数:%d\n",c);
printf("数学成绩没有及格的人数:%d\n",m);
printf("英语成绩没有及格的人数:%d\n",e);
printf("\n");
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void print(StuList head)
{
StuList p1;
if(n==0)
{
printf("数据库为空，没有学生信息！\n");
return;
}
printf("\n现在的%d个学生记录为:\n",n);
p1=head;
if(head!=NULL)
{
printf("学号\t\t姓名\t性别\t年龄\t语文\t数学\t英语\t总分\t平均分\n");
do {
printf("%ld\t%s\t%s\t%d\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\t%.1f\n",p1->number,p1->name,p1->sex,p1->age,p1->Chinese,p1->Math,p1->English,p1->sum,p1->average);
p1=p1->next;
}while(p1!=NULL);
}
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void save(StuList head)
{
FILE *fp;
StuList p1;
if(n==0)
{
printf("你还没有建立数据库！请先建立数据库！\n");
return;
}
if((fp=fopen("1.txt","w+"))==NULL)
{
printf("不能打开文件！\n");
exit(0);
}
for(p1=head;p1!=NULL;p1=p1->next)
fprintf(fp,"%ld\t%s\t%s\t%d\t%5.1f\t%5.1f\t%5.1f\t%5.1f\t%5.1f\n",p1->number,p1->name,p1->sex,p1->age,p1->Chinese,p1->Math,p1->English,p1->sum,p1->average);
printf("保存成功！\n");
fclose(fp);
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
int main()
{
int choice;
StuList head;
head=NULL;
do{
printf("*******************************************************************************\n");
printf("^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^欢迎来到学生成绩管理系统!^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^\n");
printf(" \n");
printf(" 学生成绩管理系统的基本功能： \n");
printf(" 1. 新建; \n");
printf(" 2. 查找; \n");
printf(" 3. 更新; \n");
printf(" 4. 排序; \n");
printf(" 5. 统计; \n");
printf(" 6. 显示; \n");
printf(" 7. 保存; \n");
printf(" 0. 跳出; \n");
printf(" \n");
printf(" 按键选择，回车确定! \n");
printf(" \n");
printf("^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^\n");
printf("*******************************************************************************\n");
printf("请选择：");
scanf("%d",&choice);
while(getchar()!='\n');
switch(choice)
{
case 1:head=creat();print(head);break;
case 2:search(head);break;
case 3:head=changes(head);break;
case 4:sort(head);break;
case 5:Statistics(head);break;
case 6:print(head);break;
case 7:save(head);break;
case 0:break;
default:printf("输入错误，请重新选择!\n");
}
}while(choice!=0);
}
运行结果如下:
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