struts2.3.24+spring4.1.6+hibernate4.3.11+mysql5.5.25开发环境搭建图文教程

struts2.3.24 + spring4.1.6 + hibernate4.3.11+ mysql5.5.25开发环境搭建及相关说明。

一、目标

1、搭建传统的ssh开发环境,并成功运行(插入、查询)

2、了解c3p0连接池相关配置

3、了解验证hibernate的二级缓存,并验证

4、了解spring事物配置,并验证

5、了解spring的IOC(依赖注入),将struts2的action对象(bean)交给spring管理,自定义bean等...并验证

6、了解spring aop(面向切面编程),并编写自定义切面函数,验证结果

二、前期准备

开发环境:eclipse for java ee;mysql5.5.25;jdk1.7.0_79;navicat10.1.7(可选);

创建数据库demo:

/*

Navicat MySQL Data Transfer

Source Server : localhost_3306

Source Server Version : 50519

Source Host : localhost:3306

Source Database : demo

Target Server Type : MYSQL

Target Server Version : 50519

File Encoding : 65001

Date: 2016-01-09 23:36:02

*/

SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0;

-- ----------------------------

-- Table structure for `user`

-- ----------------------------

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user`;

CREATE TABLE `user` (

`id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,

`account` varchar(200) NOT NULL,

`name` varchar(200) NOT NULL,

`address` varchar(1000) NOT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (`id`)

) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

新建web工程,目录结构如下:

jar包准备,放到WEB-INF的lib目录下(有兴趣的可以用maven管理过程,但是有时候下载jar包很慢...)

相关jar包都可以在下载下来的struts、spring、hibernate中找到,这里给个参考,有些是可以删除的,比如spring mvc部分的jar包:

三、配置web.xml

配置一个struts2的filter,映射所有*.action请求,由StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter对象来处理;

配置context-param参数,指定spring配置文件的路径,<context-param>中的参数可以用ServletContext.getInitParameter(“param-name”)来获取;

配置listener,主要是读取applicationContext.xml配置文件信息,创建bean等初始化工作;

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">

<display-name>SSH</display-name>

<filter>

<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>

<filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>

</filter>

<filter-mapping>

<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>

<url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>

</filter-mapping>

<context-param>

<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>

<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>

</context-param>

<listener>

<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>

</listener>

<welcome-file-list>

<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>

</welcome-file-list>

</web-app>

四、配置applicationContext.xml

配置自动扫描ssh包下的@Repostory,@Service等注解,并生成对应的bean;

配置数据源(jdbc连接池为c3p0,可以参考c3p0的详细配置),连接池主要作用是快速提供connection,重复利用,不需要每次销毁创建,需配置用户名、密码、最大连接数、最小连接数、初始连接数等相关参数;

配置sessionFactory(可以参考hibernate的详细配置,这里配置开启二级缓存),主要作用是提供session,执行sql语句;这里我们将会通过HibernateTemplate来对数据库进行操作,方便spring进行实物控制;ps,hibernate配置中还要配置类与数据库表的映射;

配置事务管理器bean为HibernateTransactionManager,并把成员属性sessionFactory初始化为之前配置的sessionFactory bean;

配置事务的传播特性,并配置一个切面引用它,对所有ssh.service包及子包下所有add、delete、update、save方法进行事务控制,还可以配置事务传播行为等参数;

最后是一个自定义aop相关配置,对ssh.aop.AopTest下所有test开头的方法应用自定义切面‘myAop'进行控制,后续会验证结果;

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"

xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"

xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"

xsi:schemaLocation="

http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans

http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd

http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop

http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd

http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx

http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.1.xsd

http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc

http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-4.1.xsd

http://www.springframework.org/schema/context

http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd">

<!-- scans the classpath for annotated components (including @Repostory

and @Service that will be auto-registered as Spring beans -->

<context:component-scan base-package="ssh" />

<!--配数据源 -->

<bean name="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource" destroy-method="close">

<property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />

<property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demo" />

<property name="user" value="root" />

<property name="password" value="root" />

<property name="acquireIncrement" value="1"></property>

<property name="initialPoolSize" value="80"></property>

<property name="maxIdleTime" value="60"></property>

<property name="maxPoolSize" value="80"></property>

<property name="minPoolSize" value="30"></property>

<property name="acquireRetryDelay" value="1000"></property>

<property name="acquireRetryAttempts" value="60"></property>

<property name="breakAfterAcquireFailure" value="false"></property>

<!-- 如出现Too many connections, 注意修改mysql的配置文件my.ini,增大最多连接数配置项,(查看当前连接命令:show processlist) -->

</bean>

<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean">

<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />

<property name="hibernateProperties">

<props>

<prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</prop>

<prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>

<prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop>

<prop key="current_session_context_class">thread</prop>

<prop key="hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache">true</prop>

<prop key="hibernate.cache.region.factory_class">org.hibernate.cache.ehcache.EhCacheRegionFactory</prop>

<prop key="hibernate.cache.use_query_cache">true</prop>

<prop key="hibernate.cache.provider_configuration_file_resource_path">ehcache.xml</prop>

</props>

</property>

<property name="mappingLocations">

<list>

<value>classpath:ssh/model/User.hbm.xml</value>

</list>

</property>

<!--

<property name="annotatedClasses">

<list>

<value>ssh.model.User</value>

</list>

</property>

-->

</bean>

<!-- 配置事务管理器 -->

<bean id="transactionManager"

class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager">

<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />

</bean>

<!-- 事务的传播特性 -->

<tx:advice id="txadvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">

<tx:attributes>

<tx:method name="add*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="false" rollback-for="java.lang.Exception"/>

<tx:method name="delete*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="false" rollback-for="java.lang.Exception"/>

<tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="false" rollback-for="java.lang.Exception"/>

<tx:method name="save*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="false" rollback-for="java.lang.Exception"/>

</tx:attributes>

</tx:advice>

<aop:config>

<aop:pointcut id="pcMethod" expression="execution(* ssh.service..*.*(..))" />

<aop:advisor pointcut-ref="pcMethod" advice-ref="txadvice" />

</aop:config>

<!-- 自定义aop处理 测试 -->

<bean id="aopTest" class="ssh.aop.AopTest"></bean>

<bean id="myAop" class="ssh.aop.MyAop"></bean>

<aop:config proxy-target-class="true">

<aop:aspect ref="myAop">

<aop:pointcut id="pcMethodTest" expression="execution(* ssh.aop.AopTest.test*(..))"/>

<aop:before pointcut-ref="pcMethodTest" method="before"/>

<aop:after pointcut-ref="pcMethodTest" method="after"/>

</aop:aspect>

</aop:config>

</beans>

五、配置struts.xml

配置struts.objectFactory常数为spring,表示action由通过spring的bean中获取;

配置result type为"json",也可以配置其它的,这里为了前后端数据交互简便,配置成json格式;

配置两个action,addUser和queryAllUser;

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>

<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC

"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"

"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">

<struts>

<constant name="struts.objectFactory" value="spring"/>

<constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="false" />

<constant name="struts.devMode" value="false" />

<package name="default" extends="struts-default,json-default">

<global-results>

<result type="json">

<param name="root">json</param>

<param name="contentType">text/html</param>

</result>

</global-results>

<action name="addUser" class="userAction" method="addUser">

<result>.</result>

</action>

<action name="queryAllUser" class="userAction" method="queryAllUser">

<result>.</result>

</action>

</package>

<!-- Add packages here -->

</struts>

六、编写相关代码

注意事项:

dao继承HibernateDaoSupport类,所有数据库相关操作用hibernateTemplate操作;

给dao层,service层,action添加相应注解,注册为spring的bean;

附代码如下:

UserAction.java

package ssh.action;

import java.io.PrintWriter;

import java.util.List;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;

import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;

import ssh.aop.AopTest;

import ssh.model.User;

import ssh.service.UserService;

import com.google.gson.Gson;

@Controller

public class UserAction {

Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(UserAction.class);

@Resource

private UserService userService;

@Resource

private AopTest aopTest;

public void addUser(){

PrintWriter out = null;

try{

HttpServletRequest request = ServletActionContext.getRequest();

HttpServletResponse response = ServletActionContext.getResponse();

response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");

String account = request.getParameter("account");

String name = request.getParameter("name");

String address = request.getParameter("address");

User user = new User();

user.setAccount(account);

user.setAddress(address);

user.setName(name);

userService.add(user);

out = response.getWriter();

out.write(new Gson().toJson("success"));

}catch(Exception e){

e.printStackTrace();

logger.error(e.getMessage());

if(out != null)

out.write(new Gson().toJson("fail"));

}finally{

out.flush();

out.close();

}

}

public void queryAllUser(){

PrintWriter out = null;

aopTest.test1();

aopTest.test2();

//logger.error("i");

try {

HttpServletResponse response = ServletActionContext.getResponse();

response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");

Gson gson = new Gson();

List<User> userList= userService.queryAllUser();

String gsonStr = gson.toJson(userList);

out = response.getWriter();

out.write(gsonStr);

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

logger.error(e.getMessage());

if(out != null)

out.write(new Gson().toJson("fail"));

}finally{

out.flush();

out.close();

}

}

}

AopTest.java

package ssh.aop;

public class AopTest {

public void test1(){

System.out.println("AopTest test1 method is running~");

}

public void test2(){

System.out.println("AopTest test2 method is running~");

}

}

MyAop.java

package ssh.aop;

public class MyAop {

public void before(){

System.out.println("befor~");

}

public void after(){

System.out.println("after~");

}

}

BaseDao.java

package ssh.dao.base;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;

import org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.support.HibernateDaoSupport;

public class BaseDao extends HibernateDaoSupport{

@Resource

public void setMySessionFactory(SessionFactory sessionFactory){

this.setSessionFactory(sessionFactory);

}

}

UserDao.java

package ssh.dao;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTemplate;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import ssh.dao.base.BaseDao;

import ssh.model.User;

@Repository

public class UserDao extends BaseDao{

public void add(User user){

this.getHibernateTemplate().save(user);

}

@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")

public List<User> queryAllUser(){

List<User> users = new ArrayList<User>();

HibernateTemplate hibernateTemplate = this.getHibernateTemplate();

hibernateTemplate.setCacheQueries(true);

users = (List<User>) hibernateTemplate.find("from User");

hibernateTemplate.setCacheQueries(false);

return users;

}

}

User.java

package ssh.model;

import java.io.Serializable;

public class User implements Serializable{

/**

*

*/

private static final long serialVersionUID = -6190571611246371934L;

private Long id;

private String account;

private String name;

private String address;

public String getAccount() {

return account;

}

public String getName() {

return name;

}

public String getAddress() {

return address;

}

public void setAccount(String account) {

this.account = account;

}

public void setName(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

public void setAddress(String address) {

this.address = address;

}

/**

* @return the id

*/

public Long getId() {

return id;

}

/**

* @param id the id to set

*/

public void setId(Long id) {

this.id = id;

}

}

User.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<!--

~ Hibernate, Relational Persistence for Idiomatic Java

~

~ Copyright (c) 2010, Red Hat Inc. or third-party contributors as

~ indicated by the @author tags or express copyright attribution

~ statements applied by the authors. All third-party contributions are

~ distributed under license by Red Hat Inc.

~

~ This copyrighted material is made available to anyone wishing to use, modify,

~ copy, or redistribute it subject to the terms and conditions of the GNU

~ Lesser General Public License, as published by the Free Software Foundation.

~

~ This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,

~ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY

~ or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public License

~ for more details.

~

~ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License

~ along with this distribution; if not, write to:

~ Free Software Foundation, Inc.

~ 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor

~ Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA

-->

<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC

"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"

"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-mapping package="ssh.model">

<class name="User" table="user">

<cache usage="read-write"/>

<id name="id" column="id">

<generator class="increment"/>

</id>

<property name="account" type="java.lang.String" column="account"/>

<property name="name" type="java.lang.String" column="name"/>

<property name="address" type="java.lang.String" column="address"/>

</class>

</hibernate-mapping>

UserService.java

package ssh.service;

import java.util.List;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import ssh.dao.UserDao;

import ssh.model.User;

@Service

public class UserService {

@Resource

private UserDao userDao = new UserDao();

public List<User> queryAllUser(){

return userDao.queryAllUser();

}

public void add(User user){

userDao.add(user);

}

}

index.jsp(记得添加jquery库)

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"

pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

<html>

<head>

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">

<title>Insert title here</title>

<style>

.mt20{

margin-top: 20px;

}

</style>

</head>

<body>

<div style="text-align: center;">

<div class="mt20"><label>账号:</label><input id="account" type="text"/></div>

<div class="mt20"><label>姓名:</label><input id="name" type="text"/></div>

<div class="mt20"><label>地址:</label><input id="address" type="text"/></div>

<div class="mt20"><button id="addUser" >添加</button></div>

</div>

<h3>用户列表:</h3>

<ul id="userList">

</ul>

<script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery-1.11.1.min.js"></script>

<script>

$(function() {

$.ajax({

url : 'queryAllUser.action',

type : 'post',

dataType : 'json',

success : function(data) {

try {

for(var i = 0; i < data.length; i++){

$("#userList").append("<li><span style='color:red'>id="+data[i].id+"</span>,account="+data[i].account+",name="+data[i].name+",address="+data[i].address+"</li>");

}

} catch (e) {};

}

,

error : function(e) {

alert("sys error");

}

});

$("#addUser").on("click", function() {

var account = $("#account").val();

var name = $("#name").val();

var address = $("#address").val();

$.ajax({

url : 'addUser.action',

type : 'post',

dataType : 'json',

data : {

account : account,

name : name,

address : address

},

success : function(data) {

try {

$("#userList").append("<li>account="+account+",name="+name+",address="+address+"</li>");

alert("添加成功");

} catch (e) {

}

},

error : function(e) {

alert("sys error");

}

});

});

});

</script>

</body>

</html>

七、验证结果

回到开头,开始熟悉了解相关技术,并验证结果

1、搭建传统的ssh开发环境,并成功运行(插入、查询)

如下图:查询及添加用户成功;

2、了解c3p0连接池相关配置

数据库连接是一种昂贵的资源,开启及关闭比较消耗性能,因此可以用连接池来管理,初始化若干个连接,重复使用,而不是重复创建关闭,有点类似线程池;

配置如下,要根据实际项目情况合理配置最小最大连接数,详细的各个参数含义可以参考链接

另外要验证连接数相关配置很简单,可以自己写个程序验证,比如当配置最大连接数为10的时候,可以写个程序验证,当打开10个connection后,第11个connection会一直处于等待状态,获取不到;所以要根据情况合理配置连接数,否则有可能会影响应用性能;

<!--配数据源 -->

<bean name="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource" destroy-method="close">

<property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />

<property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demo" />

<property name="user" value="root" />

<property name="password" value="root" />

<property name="acquireIncrement" value="1"></property>

<property name="initialPoolSize" value="80"></property>

<property name="maxIdleTime" value="60"></property>

<property name="maxPoolSize" value="80"></property>

<property name="minPoolSize" value="30"></property>

<property name="acquireRetryDelay" value="1000"></property>

<property name="acquireRetryAttempts" value="60"></property>

<property name="breakAfterAcquireFailure" value="false"></property>

<!-- 如出现Too many connections, 注意修改mysql的配置文件my.ini,增大最多连接数配置项,(查看当前连接命令:show processlist) -->

</bean>

3、了解验证hibernate的二级缓存,并验证

hibernate的一级缓存是指session范围的缓存,默认开启,二级缓存是sessionFactory范围缓存,在配置sessionFactory的时候,我们已经配置二级缓存为ehcache,接下来验证效果,查询user操作,发现第一次查询会操作数据库,打印sql语句,刷新页面后,发现查询成功且没打印sql语句,如下图,可见二级缓存工作OK;

4、了解spring事物配置,并验证

所谓事务控制,原理都一样,就是要保证原子性、一致性、隔离性、持久性,jdbc编程的时候,都是自己控制,通过set autocommit=false设置成不自动提交,然后开始写具体的数据库操作,发生异常的时候rollback,否则commit;其实spring对事物的控制原理也差不多,加了一些封装,配置等,更加方便而已,比如可以在service层不同方法进行控制等;

验证的话很简单,在service层某个方法(注意方法名要符合spring配置文件中配置的规则)内写两个插入user的操作,在中间抛出一个异常,然后执行,如果发现第一个user插入成功,说明事务控制失效,否则ok;

5、了解spring的IOC(依赖注入),将struts2的action对象(bean)交给spring管理,自定义bean等...并验证

仔细观察的话,在配置applicationContext.xml文件的过程中,主要工作都是在配置bean相关信息,这些bean都是事先创建好的,其实所谓的bean就是对象;

之所以把对象的创建交给spring容器,目的是为了解耦;

另外在用struts的时候,spring把action注册为bean,默认是单例的,访问的时候并不是每次都new出一个action,在并发访问的时候,会有风险;

不过,可以通过scope="prototype",把action配置成多例;ps:struts2中的action默认是多例;

注意:applicationContext.xml配置的bean和自定义注解的bean都是可以在程序运行的过程中直接获取的,通过@Resource等方式,这个很好验证,写个小程序即可;

6、了解spring aop(面向切面编程),并编写自定义切面函数,验证结果

切面编程这种形式很多地方都用了该思想,什么过滤器,拦截器,事务控制等等...

其原理还是java的反射和动态代理,在方法执行前后加以控制,加入自己要执行的代码;

小例子中加了个切面,在方法执行前后打印before和after字符串,如下图,工作正常,代码参考前面部分:

<!-- 自定义aop处理 测试 -->

<bean id="aopTest" class="ssh.aop.AopTest"></bean>

<bean id="myAop" class="ssh.aop.MyAop"></bean>

<aop:config proxy-target-class="true">

<aop:aspect ref="myAop">

<aop:pointcut id="pcMethodTest" expression="execution(* ssh.aop.AopTest.test*(..))"/>

<aop:before pointcut-ref="pcMethodTest" method="before"/>

<aop:after pointcut-ref="pcMethodTest" method="after"/>

</aop:aspect>

</aop:config>

@author   风一样的码农

以上是 struts2.3.24+spring4.1.6+hibernate4.3.11+mysql5.5.25开发环境搭建图文教程 的全部内容, 来源链接: utcz.com/p/213563.html

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