用JAVA 设计生成二维码详细教程

教你一步一步用 java 设计生成二维码

在物联网的时代,二维码是个很重要的东西了,现在无论什么东西都要搞个二维码标志,唯恐落伍,就差人没有用二维码识别了。也许有一天生分证或者户口本都会用二维码识别了。今天心血来潮,看见别人都为自己的博客添加了二维码,我也想搞一个测试一下.

主要用来实现两点:

1. 生成任意文字的二维码.

2. 在二维码的中间加入图像.

一、准备工作。

准备QR二维码3.0 版本的core包和一张jpg图片。

下载QR二维码包。

首先得下载 zxing.jar 包, 我这里用的是3.0 版本的core包

下载地址: 现在已经迁移到了github: https://github.com/zxing/zxing/wiki/Getting-Started-Developing,

当然你也可以从maven仓库下载jar 包: http://central.maven.org/maven2/com/google/zxing/core/

二、程序设计

 1、启动eclipse,新建一个java项目,命好项目名(本例取名为QRCodeSoft)。点下一步:

2、导入zxing.jar 包, 我这里用的是3.0 版本的core包:点“添加外部JAR(X)…”。

3、新建两个类,分别是:

BufferedImageLuminanceSource.java

QRCodeUtil.java

关键代码在于:BufferedImageLuminanceSource.java 和QRCodeUtil.java , 其中测试的main 方法位于 QRCodeUtil.java 中。

BufferedImageLuminanceSource.java程序代码:

package com.yihaomen.barcode;

import java.awt.Graphics2D;

import java.awt.geom.AffineTransform;

import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;

import com.google.zxing.LuminanceSource;

public class BufferedImageLuminanceSource extends LuminanceSource {

private final BufferedImage image;

private final int left;

private final int top;

public BufferedImageLuminanceSource(BufferedImage image) {

this(image, 0, 0, image.getWidth(), image.getHeight());

}

public BufferedImageLuminanceSource(BufferedImage image, int left,

int top, int width, int height) {

super(width, height);

int sourceWidth = image.getWidth();

int sourceHeight = image.getHeight();

if (left + width > sourceWidth || top + height > sourceHeight) {

throw new IllegalArgumentException(

"Crop rectangle does not fit within image data.");

}

for (int y = top; y < top + height; y++) {

for (int x = left; x < left + width; x++) {

if ((image.getRGB(x, y) & 0xFF000000) == 0) {

image.setRGB(x, y, 0xFFFFFFFF); // = white

}

}

}

this.image = new BufferedImage(sourceWidth, sourceHeight,

BufferedImage.TYPE_BYTE_GRAY);

this.image.getGraphics().drawImage(image, 0, 0, null);

this.left = left;

this.top = top;

}

public byte[] getRow(int y, byte[] row) {

if (y < 0 || y >= getHeight()) {

throw new IllegalArgumentException(

"Requested row is outside the image: " + y);

}

int width = getWidth();

if (row == null || row.length < width) {

row = new byte[width];

}

image.getRaster().getDataElements(left, top + y, width, 1, row);

return row;

}

public byte[] getMatrix() {

int width = getWidth();

int height = getHeight();

int area = width * height;

byte[] matrix = new byte[area];

image.getRaster().getDataElements(left, top, width, height, matrix);

return matrix;

}

public boolean isCropSupported() {

return true;

}

public LuminanceSource crop(int left, int top, int width, int height) {

return new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(image, this.left + left,

this.top + top, width, height);

}

public boolean isRotateSupported() {

return true;

}

public LuminanceSource rotateCounterClockwise() {

int sourceWidth = image.getWidth();

int sourceHeight = image.getHeight();

AffineTransform transform = new AffineTransform(0.0, -1.0, 1.0,

0.0, 0.0, sourceWidth);

BufferedImage rotatedImage = new BufferedImage(sourceHeight,

sourceWidth, BufferedImage.TYPE_BYTE_GRAY);

Graphics2D g = rotatedImage.createGraphics();

g.drawImage(image, transform, null);

g.dispose();

int width = getWidth();

return new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(rotatedImage, top,

sourceWidth - (left + width), getHeight(), width);

}

}

QRCodeUtil.java的程序代码:

package com.yihaomen.barcode;

import java.awt.BasicStroke;

import java.awt.Graphics;

import java.awt.Graphics2D;

import java.awt.Image;

import java.awt.Shape;

import java.awt.geom.RoundRectangle2D;

import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;

import java.io.File;

import java.io.OutputStream;

import java.util.Hashtable;

import java.util.Random;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;

import com.google.zxing.BarcodeFormat;

import com.google.zxing.BinaryBitmap;

import com.google.zxing.DecodeHintType;

import com.google.zxing.EncodeHintType;

import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatReader;

import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatWriter;

import com.google.zxing.Result;

import com.google.zxing.common.BitMatrix;

import com.google.zxing.common.HybridBinarizer;

import com.google.zxing.qrcode.decoder.ErrorCorrectionLevel;

/**

* 二维码工具类

*

*/

public class QRCodeUtil {

private static final String CHARSET = "utf-8";

private static final String FORMAT_NAME = "JPG";

// 二维码尺寸

private static final int QRCODE_SIZE = 300;

// LOGO宽度

private static final int WIDTH = 60;

// LOGO高度

private static final int HEIGHT = 60;

private static BufferedImage createImage(String content, String imgPath,

boolean needCompress) throws Exception {

Hashtable<EncodeHintType, Object> hints = new Hashtable<EncodeHintType, Object>();

hints.put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION, ErrorCorrectionLevel.H);

hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, CHARSET);

hints.put(EncodeHintType.MARGIN, 1);

BitMatrix bitMatrix = new MultiFormatWriter().encode(content,

BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, QRCODE_SIZE, QRCODE_SIZE, hints);

int width = bitMatrix.getWidth();

int height = bitMatrix.getHeight();

BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height,

BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);

for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {

for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {

image.setRGB(x, y, bitMatrix.get(x, y) ? 0xFF000000

: 0xFFFFFFFF);

}

}

if (imgPath == null || "".equals(imgPath)) {

return image;

}

// 插入图片

QRCodeUtil.insertImage(image, imgPath, needCompress);

return image;

}

/**

* 插入LOGO

*

* @param source

* 二维码图片

* @param imgPath

* LOGO图片地址

* @param needCompress

* 是否压缩

* @throws Exception

*/

private static void insertImage(BufferedImage source, String imgPath,

boolean needCompress) throws Exception {

File file = new File(imgPath);

if (!file.exists()) {

System.err.println(""+imgPath+" 该文件不存在!");

return;

}

Image src = ImageIO.read(new File(imgPath));

int width = src.getWidth(null);

int height = src.getHeight(null);

if (needCompress) { // 压缩LOGO

if (width > WIDTH) {

width = WIDTH;

}

if (height > HEIGHT) {

height = HEIGHT;

}

Image image = src.getScaledInstance(width, height,

Image.SCALE_SMOOTH);

BufferedImage tag = new BufferedImage(width, height,

BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);

Graphics g = tag.getGraphics();

g.drawImage(image, 0, 0, null); // 绘制缩小后的图

g.dispose();

src = image;

}

// 插入LOGO

Graphics2D graph = source.createGraphics();

int x = (QRCODE_SIZE - width) / 2;

int y = (QRCODE_SIZE - height) / 2;

graph.drawImage(src, x, y, width, height, null);

Shape shape = new RoundRectangle2D.Float(x, y, width, width, 6, 6);

graph.setStroke(new BasicStroke(3f));

graph.draw(shape);

graph.dispose();

}

/**

* 生成二维码(内嵌LOGO)

*

* @param content

* 内容

* @param imgPath

* LOGO地址

* @param destPath

* 存放目录

* @param needCompress

* 是否压缩LOGO

* @throws Exception

*/

public static void encode(String content, String imgPath, String destPath,

boolean needCompress) throws Exception {

BufferedImage image = QRCodeUtil.createImage(content, imgPath,

needCompress);

mkdirs(destPath);

String file = new Random().nextInt(99999999)+".jpg";

ImageIO.write(image, FORMAT_NAME, new File(destPath+"/"+file));

}

/**

* 当文件夹不存在时,mkdirs会自动创建多层目录,区别于mkdir.(mkdir如果父目录不存在则会抛出异常)

* @author lanyuan

* Email: mmm333zzz520@163.com

* @date 2013-12-11 上午10:16:36

* @param destPath 存放目录

*/

public static void mkdirs(String destPath) {

File file =new File(destPath);

//当文件夹不存在时,mkdirs会自动创建多层目录,区别于mkdir.(mkdir如果父目录不存在则会抛出异常)

if (!file.exists() && !file.isDirectory()) {

file.mkdirs();

}

}

/**

* 生成二维码(内嵌LOGO)

*

* @param content

* 内容

* @param imgPath

* LOGO地址

* @param destPath

* 存储地址

* @throws Exception

*/

public static void encode(String content, String imgPath, String destPath)

throws Exception {

QRCodeUtil.encode(content, imgPath, destPath, false);

}

/**

* 生成二维码

*

* @param content

* 内容

* @param destPath

* 存储地址

* @param needCompress

* 是否压缩LOGO

* @throws Exception

*/

public static void encode(String content, String destPath,

boolean needCompress) throws Exception {

QRCodeUtil.encode(content, null, destPath, needCompress);

}

/**

* 生成二维码

*

* @param content

* 内容

* @param destPath

* 存储地址

* @throws Exception

*/

public static void encode(String content, String destPath) throws Exception {

QRCodeUtil.encode(content, null, destPath, false);

}

/**

* 生成二维码(内嵌LOGO)

*

* @param content

* 内容

* @param imgPath

* LOGO地址

* @param output

* 输出流

* @param needCompress

* 是否压缩LOGO

* @throws Exception

*/

public static void encode(String content, String imgPath,

OutputStream output, boolean needCompress) throws Exception {

BufferedImage image = QRCodeUtil.createImage(content, imgPath,

needCompress);

ImageIO.write(image, FORMAT_NAME, output);

}

/**

* 生成二维码

*

* @param content

* 内容

* @param output

* 输出流

* @throws Exception

*/

public static void encode(String content, OutputStream output)

throws Exception {

QRCodeUtil.encode(content, null, output, false);

}

/**

* 解析二维码

*

* @param file

* 二维码图片

* @return

* @throws Exception

*/

public static String decode(File file) throws Exception {

BufferedImage image;

image = ImageIO.read(file);

if (image == null) {

return null;

}

BufferedImageLuminanceSource source = new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(

image);

BinaryBitmap bitmap = new BinaryBitmap(new HybridBinarizer(source));

Result result;

Hashtable<DecodeHintType, Object> hints = new Hashtable<DecodeHintType, Object>();

hints.put(DecodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, CHARSET);

result = new MultiFormatReader().decode(bitmap, hints);

String resultStr = result.getText();

return resultStr;

}

/**

* 解析二维码

*

* @param path

* 二维码图片地址

* @return

* @throws Exception

*/

public static String decode(String path) throws Exception {

return QRCodeUtil.decode(new File(path));

}

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

String text = "http://www.yihaomen.com";

QRCodeUtil.encode(text, "c:/me.jpg", "c:/barcode", true);

}

}

生成不带logo 的二维码

程序代码如下:

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

String text = "http://www.dans88.com.cn";

QRCodeUtil.encode(text,"","d:/MyWorkDoc",true);

}

运行这个测试方法,生成的二维码不带 logo , 样式如下:

有兴趣可以用手机扫描一下

生成带logo 的二维码

logo 可以用自己的头像,或者自己喜欢的一个图片都可以 , 采用如下代码,程序代码如下:

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

String text = "http://www.dans88.com.cn";

QRCodeUtil.encode(text, "d:/MyWorkDoc/my180.jpg", "d:/MyWorkDoc", true);

}

唯一的区别是,在前面的基础上指定了logo 的地址,这里测试都用了c盘的图片文件

用手机扫描,能出现要出现的文字,点击就进入自己的网站。

以上就是用JAVA 设计生成二维码,有兴趣的朋友可以参考下,谢谢大家对本站的支持!

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