struts2.3.24+spring4.1.6+hibernate4.3.11+mysql5.5.25开发环境搭建图文
struts2.3.24 + spring4.1.6 + hibernate4.3.11+ mysql5.5.25开发环境搭建及相关说明。
一、目标
1、搭建传统的ssh开发环境,并成功运行(插入、查询)
2、了解c3p0连接池相关配置
3、了解验证hibernate的二级缓存,并验证
4、了解spring事物配置,并验证
5、了解spring的IOC(依赖注入),将struts2的action对象(bean)交给spring管理,自定义bean等...并验证
6、了解spring aop(面向切面编程),并编写自定义切面函数,验证结果
二、前期准备
开发环境:eclipse for java ee;mysql5.5.25;jdk1.7.0_79;navicat10.1.7(可选);
创建数据库demo:
/*
Navicat MySQL Data Transfer
Source Server : localhost_3306
Source Server Version : 50519
Source Host : localhost:3306
Source Database : demo
Target Server Type : MYSQL
Target Server Version : 50519
File Encoding : 65001
Date: 2016-01-09 23:36:02
*/
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0;
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for `user`
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user`;
CREATE TABLE `user` (
`id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`account` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
`name` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
`address` varchar(1000) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
新建web工程,目录结构如下:
jar包准备,放到WEB-INF的lib目录下(有兴趣的可以用maven管理过程,但是有时候下载jar包很慢...)
相关jar包都可以在下载下来的struts、spring、hibernate中找到,这里给个参考,有些是可以删除的,比如spring mvc部分的jar包:
三、配置web.xml
配置一个struts2的filter,映射所有*.action请求,由StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter对象来处理;
配置context-param参数,指定spring配置文件的路径,<context-param>中的参数可以用ServletContext.getInitParameter(“param-name”)来获取;
配置listener,主要是读取applicationContext.xml配置文件信息,创建bean等初始化工作;
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
<display-name>SSH</display-name>
<filter>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
四、配置applicationContext.xml
配置自动扫描ssh包下的@Repostory,@Service等注解,并生成对应的bean;
配置数据源(jdbc连接池为c3p0,可以参考c3p0的详细配置),连接池主要作用是快速提供connection,重复利用,不需要每次销毁创建,需配置用户名、密码、最大连接数、最小连接数、初始连接数等相关参数;
配置sessionFactory(可以参考hibernate的详细配置,这里配置开启二级缓存),主要作用是提供session,执行sql语句;这里我们将会通过HibernateTemplate来对数据库进行操作,方便spring进行实物控制;ps,hibernate配置中还要配置类与数据库表的映射;
配置事务管理器bean为HibernateTransactionManager,并把成员属性sessionFactory初始化为之前配置的sessionFactory bean;
配置事务的传播特性,并配置一个切面引用它,对所有ssh.service包及子包下所有add、delete、update、save方法进行事务控制,还可以配置事务传播行为等参数;
最后是一个自定义aop相关配置,对ssh.aop.AopTest下所有test开头的方法应用自定义切面‘myAop'进行控制,后续会验证结果;
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-4.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd">
<!-- scans the classpath for annotated components (including @Repostory
and @Service that will be auto-registered as Spring beans -->
<context:component-scan base-package="ssh" />
<!--配数据源 -->
<bean name="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource" destroy-method="close">
<property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demo" />
<property name="user" value="root" />
<property name="password" value="root" />
<property name="acquireIncrement" value="1"></property>
<property name="initialPoolSize" value="80"></property>
<property name="maxIdleTime" value="60"></property>
<property name="maxPoolSize" value="80"></property>
<property name="minPoolSize" value="30"></property>
<property name="acquireRetryDelay" value="1000"></property>
<property name="acquireRetryAttempts" value="60"></property>
<property name="breakAfterAcquireFailure" value="false"></property>
<!-- 如出现Too many connections, 注意修改mysql的配置文件my.ini,增大最多连接数配置项,(查看当前连接命令:show processlist) -->
</bean>
<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
<property name="hibernateProperties">
<props>
<prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop>
<prop key="current_session_context_class">thread</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache">true</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.cache.region.factory_class">org.hibernate.cache.ehcache.EhCacheRegionFactory</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.cache.use_query_cache">true</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.cache.provider_configuration_file_resource_path">ehcache.xml</prop>
</props>
</property>
<property name="mappingLocations">
<list>
<value>classpath:ssh/model/User.hbm.xml</value>
</list>
</property>
<!--
<property name="annotatedClasses">
<list>
<value>ssh.model.User</value>
</list>
</property>
-->
</bean>
<!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
<bean id="transactionManager"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
</bean>
<!-- 事务的传播特性 -->
<tx:advice id="txadvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
<tx:attributes>
<tx:method name="add*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="false" rollback-for="java.lang.Exception"/>
<tx:method name="delete*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="false" rollback-for="java.lang.Exception"/>
<tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="false" rollback-for="java.lang.Exception"/>
<tx:method name="save*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="false" rollback-for="java.lang.Exception"/>
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>
<aop:config>
<aop:pointcut id="pcMethod" expression="execution(* ssh.service..*.*(..))" />
<aop:advisor pointcut-ref="pcMethod" advice-ref="txadvice" />
</aop:config>
<!-- 自定义aop处理 测试 -->
<bean id="aopTest" class="ssh.aop.AopTest"></bean>
<bean id="myAop" class="ssh.aop.MyAop"></bean>
<aop:config proxy-target-class="true">
<aop:aspect ref="myAop">
<aop:pointcut id="pcMethodTest" expression="execution(* ssh.aop.AopTest.test*(..))"/>
<aop:before pointcut-ref="pcMethodTest" method="before"/>
<aop:after pointcut-ref="pcMethodTest" method="after"/>
</aop:aspect>
</aop:config>
</beans>
五、配置struts.xml
配置struts.objectFactory常数为spring,表示action由通过spring的bean中获取;
配置result type为"json",也可以配置其它的,这里为了前后端数据交互简便,配置成json格式;
配置两个action,addUser和queryAllUser;
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
<struts>
<constant name="struts.objectFactory" value="spring"/>
<constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="false" />
<constant name="struts.devMode" value="false" />
<package name="default" extends="struts-default,json-default">
<global-results>
<result type="json">
<param name="root">json</param>
<param name="contentType">text/html</param>
</result>
</global-results>
<action name="addUser" class="userAction" method="addUser">
<result>.</result>
</action>
<action name="queryAllUser" class="userAction" method="queryAllUser">
<result>.</result>
</action>
</package>
<!-- Add packages here -->
</struts>
六、编写相关代码
注意事项:
dao继承HibernateDaoSupport类,所有数据库相关操作用hibernateTemplate操作;
给dao层,service层,action添加相应注解,注册为spring的bean;
附代码如下:
UserAction.java
package ssh.action;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.List;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import ssh.aop.AopTest;
import ssh.model.User;
import ssh.service.UserService;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
@Controller
public class UserAction {
Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(UserAction.class);
@Resource
private UserService userService;
@Resource
private AopTest aopTest;
public void addUser(){
PrintWriter out = null;
try{
HttpServletRequest request = ServletActionContext.getRequest();
HttpServletResponse response = ServletActionContext.getResponse();
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
String account = request.getParameter("account");
String name = request.getParameter("name");
String address = request.getParameter("address");
User user = new User();
user.setAccount(account);
user.setAddress(address);
user.setName(name);
userService.add(user);
out = response.getWriter();
out.write(new Gson().toJson("success"));
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
logger.error(e.getMessage());
if(out != null)
out.write(new Gson().toJson("fail"));
}finally{
out.flush();
out.close();
}
}
public void queryAllUser(){
PrintWriter out = null;
aopTest.test1();
aopTest.test2();
//logger.error("i");
try {
HttpServletResponse response = ServletActionContext.getResponse();
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
Gson gson = new Gson();
List<User> userList= userService.queryAllUser();
String gsonStr = gson.toJson(userList);
out = response.getWriter();
out.write(gsonStr);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
logger.error(e.getMessage());
if(out != null)
out.write(new Gson().toJson("fail"));
}finally{
out.flush();
out.close();
}
}
}
AopTest.java
package ssh.aop;
public class AopTest {
public void test1(){
System.out.println("AopTest test1 method is running~");
}
public void test2(){
System.out.println("AopTest test2 method is running~");
}
}
MyAop.java
package ssh.aop;
public class MyAop {
public void before(){
System.out.println("befor~");
}
public void after(){
System.out.println("after~");
}
}
BaseDao.java
package ssh.dao.base;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
public class BaseDao extends HibernateDaoSupport{
@Resource
public void setMySessionFactory(SessionFactory sessionFactory){
this.setSessionFactory(sessionFactory);
}
}
UserDao.java
package ssh.dao;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import ssh.dao.base.BaseDao;
import ssh.model.User;
@Repository
public class UserDao extends BaseDao{
public void add(User user){
this.getHibernateTemplate().save(user);
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public List<User> queryAllUser(){
List<User> users = new ArrayList<User>();
HibernateTemplate hibernateTemplate = this.getHibernateTemplate();
hibernateTemplate.setCacheQueries(true);
users = (List<User>) hibernateTemplate.find("from User");
hibernateTemplate.setCacheQueries(false);
return users;
}
}
User.java
package ssh.model;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class User implements Serializable{
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = -6190571611246371934L;
private Long id;
private String account;
private String name;
private String address;
public String getAccount() {
return account;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public String getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAccount(String account) {
this.account = account;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
}
/**
* @return the id
*/
public Long getId() {
return id;
}
/**
* @param id the id to set
*/
public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}
}
User.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!--
~ Hibernate, Relational Persistence for Idiomatic Java
~
~ Copyright (c) 2010, Red Hat Inc. or third-party contributors as
~ indicated by the @author tags or express copyright attribution
~ statements applied by the authors. All third-party contributions are
~ distributed under license by Red Hat Inc.
~
~ This copyrighted material is made available to anyone wishing to use, modify,
~ copy, or redistribute it subject to the terms and conditions of the GNU
~ Lesser General Public License, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
~
~ This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
~ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
~ or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public License
~ for more details.
~
~ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
~ along with this distribution; if not, write to:
~ Free Software Foundation, Inc.
~ 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor
~ Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
-->
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="ssh.model">
<class name="User" table="user">
<cache usage="read-write"/>
<id name="id" column="id">
<generator class="increment"/>
</id>
<property name="account" type="java.lang.String" column="account"/>
<property name="name" type="java.lang.String" column="name"/>
<property name="address" type="java.lang.String" column="address"/>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
UserService.java
package ssh.service;
import java.util.List;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import ssh.dao.UserDao;
import ssh.model.User;
@Service
public class UserService {
@Resource
private UserDao userDao = new UserDao();
public List<User> queryAllUser(){
return userDao.queryAllUser();
}
public void add(User user){
userDao.add(user);
}
}
index.jsp(记得添加jquery库)
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
<style>
.mt20{
margin-top: 20px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<div class="mt20"><label>账号:</label><input id="account" type="text"/></div>
<div class="mt20"><label>姓名:</label><input id="name" type="text"/></div>
<div class="mt20"><label>地址:</label><input id="address" type="text"/></div>
<div class="mt20"><button id="addUser" >添加</button></div>
</div>
<h3>用户列表:</h3>
<ul id="userList">
</ul>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery-1.11.1.min.js"></script>
<script>
$(function() {
$.ajax({
url : 'queryAllUser.action',
type : 'post',
dataType : 'json',
success : function(data) {
try {
for(var i = 0; i < data.length; i++){
$("#userList").append("<li><span style='color:red'>id="+data[i].id+"</span>,account="+data[i].account+",name="+data[i].name+",address="+data[i].address+"</li>");
}
} catch (e) {};
}
,
error : function(e) {
alert("sys error");
}
});
$("#addUser").on("click", function() {
var account = $("#account").val();
var name = $("#name").val();
var address = $("#address").val();
$.ajax({
url : 'addUser.action',
type : 'post',
dataType : 'json',
data : {
account : account,
name : name,
address : address
},
success : function(data) {
try {
$("#userList").append("<li>account="+account+",name="+name+",address="+address+"</li>");
alert("添加成功");
} catch (e) {
}
},
error : function(e) {
alert("sys error");
}
});
});
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
七、验证结果
回到开头,开始熟悉了解相关技术,并验证结果
1、搭建传统的ssh开发环境,并成功运行(插入、查询)
如下图:查询及添加用户成功;
2、了解c3p0连接池相关配置
数据库连接是一种昂贵的资源,开启及关闭比较消耗性能,因此可以用连接池来管理,初始化若干个连接,重复使用,而不是重复创建关闭,有点类似线程池;
配置如下,要根据实际项目情况合理配置最小最大连接数,详细的各个参数含义可以参考链接
另外要验证连接数相关配置很简单,可以自己写个程序验证,比如当配置最大连接数为10的时候,可以写个程序验证,当打开10个connection后,第11个connection会一直处于等待状态,获取不到;所以要根据情况合理配置连接数,否则有可能会影响应用性能;
<!--配数据源 -->
<bean name="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource" destroy-method="close">
<property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demo" />
<property name="user" value="root" />
<property name="password" value="root" />
<property name="acquireIncrement" value="1"></property>
<property name="initialPoolSize" value="80"></property>
<property name="maxIdleTime" value="60"></property>
<property name="maxPoolSize" value="80"></property>
<property name="minPoolSize" value="30"></property>
<property name="acquireRetryDelay" value="1000"></property>
<property name="acquireRetryAttempts" value="60"></property>
<property name="breakAfterAcquireFailure" value="false"></property>
<!-- 如出现Too many connections, 注意修改mysql的配置文件my.ini,增大最多连接数配置项,(查看当前连接命令:show processlist) -->
</bean>
3、了解验证hibernate的二级缓存,并验证
hibernate的一级缓存是指session范围的缓存,默认开启,二级缓存是sessionFactory范围缓存,在配置sessionFactory的时候,我们已经配置二级缓存为ehcache,接下来验证效果,查询user操作,发现第一次查询会操作数据库,打印sql语句,刷新页面后,发现查询成功且没打印sql语句,如下图,可见二级缓存工作OK;
4、了解spring事物配置,并验证
所谓事务控制,原理都一样,就是要保证原子性、一致性、隔离性、持久性,jdbc编程的时候,都是自己控制,通过set autocommit=false设置成不自动提交,然后开始写具体的数据库操作,发生异常的时候rollback,否则commit;其实spring对事物的控制原理也差不多,加了一些封装,配置等,更加方便而已,比如可以在service层不同方法进行控制等;
验证的话很简单,在service层某个方法(注意方法名要符合spring配置文件中配置的规则)内写两个插入user的操作,在中间抛出一个异常,然后执行,如果发现第一个user插入成功,说明事务控制失效,否则ok;
5、了解spring的IOC(依赖注入),将struts2的action对象(bean)交给spring管理,自定义bean等...并验证
仔细观察的话,在配置applicationContext.xml文件的过程中,主要工作都是在配置bean相关信息,这些bean都是事先创建好的,其实所谓的bean就是对象;
之所以把对象的创建交给spring容器,目的是为了解耦;
另外在用struts的时候,spring把action注册为bean,默认是单例的,访问的时候并不是每次都new出一个action,在并发访问的时候,会有风险;
不过,可以通过scope="prototype",把action配置成多例;ps:struts2中的action默认是多例;
注意:applicationContext.xml配置的bean和自定义注解的bean都是可以在程序运行的过程中直接获取的,通过@Resource等方式,这个很好验证,写个小程序即可;
6、了解spring aop(面向切面编程),并编写自定义切面函数,验证结果
切面编程这种形式很多地方都用了该思想,什么过滤器,拦截器,事务控制等等...
其原理还是java的反射和动态代理,在方法执行前后加以控制,加入自己要执行的代码;
小例子中加了个切面,在方法执行前后打印before和after字符串,如下图,工作正常,代码参考前面部分:
<!-- 自定义aop处理 测试 -->
<bean id="aopTest" class="ssh.aop.AopTest"></bean>
<bean id="myAop" class="ssh.aop.MyAop"></bean>
<aop:config proxy-target-class="true">
<aop:aspect ref="myAop">
<aop:pointcut id="pcMethodTest" expression="execution(* ssh.aop.AopTest.test*(..))"/>
<aop:before pointcut-ref="pcMethodTest" method="before"/>
<aop:after pointcut-ref="pcMethodTest" method="after"/>
</aop:aspect>
</aop:config>
@author 风一样的码农
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