利用Java的Struts框架实现电子邮件发送功能
本章将教你如何使用Struts2 的应用程序发送电子邮件。对于此练习中,需要下载并安装将mail.jar 从 JavaMail API1.4.4,并将 mail.jar文件放置在WEB-INFlib文件夹,然后继续遵循的标准步骤创建动作,视图和配置文件。
创建动作:
下一步是创建一个Action方法,发送电子邮件。让我们创建一个新类称为 Emailer.java 以下内容。
package com.yiibai.struts2;
import java.util.Properties;
import javax.mail.Message;
import javax.mail.PasswordAuthentication;
import javax.mail.Session;
import javax.mail.Transport;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class Emailer extends ActionSupport {
private String from;
private String password;
private String to;
private String subject;
private String body;
static Properties properties = new Properties();
static
{
properties.put("mail.smtp.host", "smtp.gmail.com");
properties.put("mail.smtp.socketFactory.port", "465");
properties.put("mail.smtp.socketFactory.class",
"javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory");
properties.put("mail.smtp.auth", "true");
properties.put("mail.smtp.port", "465");
}
public String execute()
{
String ret = SUCCESS;
try
{
Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties,
new javax.mail.Authenticator() {
protected PasswordAuthentication
getPasswordAuthentication() {
return new
PasswordAuthentication(from, password);
}});
Message message = new MimeMessage(session);
message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from));
message.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO,
InternetAddress.parse(to));
message.setSubject(subject);
message.setText(body);
Transport.send(message);
}
catch(Exception e)
{
ret = ERROR;
e.printStackTrace();
}
return ret;
}
public String getFrom() {
return from;
}
public void setFrom(String from) {
this.from = from;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public String getTo() {
return to;
}
public void setTo(String to) {
this.to = to;
}
public String getSubject() {
return subject;
}
public void setSubject(String subject) {
this.subject = subject;
}
public String getBody() {
return body;
}
public void setBody(String body) {
this.body = body;
}
public static Properties getProperties() {
return properties;
}
public static void setProperties(Properties properties) {
Emailer.properties = properties;
}
}
可以看到在上面的源代码中,Emailer.java有对应的形式在下面给出的email.jsp页的属性的属性。这些属性
- from - 发件人的电子邮件地址。由于我们使用的是谷歌的SMTP,我们需要一个有效的gtalk ID
- password - 上述帐户的密码
- to - 给谁发送电子邮件?
- Subject - 电子邮件主题
- body - 实际的电子邮件消息
我们有没有考虑过上述各个属性的任何验证,验证将被添加在下一章。现在让我们看看在execute()方法。 execute()方法使用使用javax邮件库发送一封电子邮件,使用提供的参数。如果邮件被发送,动作返回 SUCCESS,否则它返回ERROR。
创建主页页:
让我们编写主页index.jsp的JSP文件,这将被用来收集电子邮件的相关信息,上面提到的:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<title>Email Form</title>
</head>
<body>
<em>The form below uses Google's SMTP server.
So you need to enter a gmail username and password
</em>
<form action="emailer" method="post">
<label for="from">From</label><br/>
<input type="text" name="from"/><br/>
<label for="password">Password</label><br/>
<input type="password" name="password"/><br/>
<label for="to">To</label><br/>
<input type="text" name="to"/><br/>
<label for="subject">Subject</label><br/>
<input type="text" name="subject"/><br/>
<label for="body">Body</label><br/>
<input type="text" name="body"/><br/>
<input type="submit" value="Send Email"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
创建视图:
我们将使用JSP文件的success.jsp将被调用的情况下行动返回SUCCESS,但在发生ERROR 的情况下,我们将有另一种视图认为文件是从操作返回。
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<title>Email Success</title>
</head>
<body>
Your email to <s:property value="to"/> was sent successfully.
</body>
</html>
下面将是在一个错误的情况下,从动作返回视图文件error.jsp。
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<title>Email Error</title>
</head>
<body>
There is a problem sending your email to <s:property value="to"/>.
</body>
</html>
配置文件:
现在,让我们将这一切组合起来使用struts.xml的配置文件如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
<struts>
<constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" />
<package name="helloworld" extends="struts-default">
<action name="emailer"
class="com.yiibai.struts2.Emailer"
method="execute">
<result name="success">/success.jsp</result>
<result name="error">/error.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
以下是web.xml文件中的内容:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
<display-name>Struts 2</display-name>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<filter>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<filter-class>
org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher
</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
现在,右键点击项目名称,并单击 Export > WAR File创建一个WAR文件。然后部署此WAR在Tomcat的webapps目录下。最后,启动Tomcat服务器和尝试访问URL http://localhost:8080/HelloWorldStruts2/index.jsp。这会给出以下画面:
输入所需信息,并单击“Send Email ”按钮。如果一切顺利,那么应该看到以下页面:
如果是SSH三个框架配合起来使用,这里再给个例子,不过struts和spring的框架外,也需要mail.jar,activation.jar.
1) 首先在applicationContext.xml文件中配置bean
<bean id="mailSender" class="org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl">
<property name="host" value="host"/>
<property name="username" value="username"/>
<property name="password" value="password"/>
</bean>
<bean id="sendMailAction" class="cn.com.action.SendMailAction" singleton="false">
<property name="mailSender"><ref bean="mailSender"/> </property>
</bean>
2)实现发送邮件java类代码
protected JavaMailSenderImpl mailSender;
public class SendMailAction extends ActionSupport{
public void setMailSender(JavaMailSenderImpl mailSender) {
this.mailSender = mailSender;
}
public void sendMail() throws Exception {
1:简单邮件
protected JavaMailSenderImpl mailSender;
public class SendMailAction extends ActionSupport{
public void setMailSender(JavaMailSenderImpl mailSender) {
this.mailSender = mailSender;
}
public void sendMail() throws Exception {
2:HTML邮件的发送
//建立邮件消息,发送简单邮件和html邮件的区别
MimeMessage mailMessage = senderImpl.createMimeMessage();
MimeMessageHelper messageHelper = new MimeMessageHelper(mailMessage);
//设置收件人,寄件人
messageHelper.setTo("sun111@163.com");
messageHelper.setFrom("webadmin@163.com");
messageHelper.setSubject("测试HTML邮件!");
//true 表示启动HTML格式的邮件
messageHelper.setText("<html><head></head><body><h1>hello!!zhangjian</h1></body></html>",true);
//发送邮件
senderImpl.send(mailMessage);
3:本类测试邮件中嵌套图片
//建立邮件消息,发送简单邮件和html邮件的区别
MimeMessage mailMessage = senderImpl.createMimeMessage();
//注意这里的boolean,等于真的时候才能嵌套图片,在构建MimeMessageHelper时候,所给定的值是true表示启用,
multipart模式
MimeMessageHelper messageHelper = new MimeMessageHelper(mailMessage,true);
//设置收件人,寄件人
messageHelper.setTo("sun111@163.com");
messageHelper.setFrom("webadmin@163.com");
messageHelper.setSubject("测试邮件中嵌套图片!!");
//true 表示启动HTML格式的邮件
messageHelper.setText("<html><head></head><body><h1>hello!!zhangjian</h1>" +
"<img src="/" mce_src="/""cid:aaa/"/></body></html>",true);
FileSystemResource img = new FileSystemResource(new File("c:/aaa.jpg"));
messageHelper.addInline("aaa",img);
//发送邮件
senderImpl.send(mailMessage);
}
}
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