容器技术之Dockant-cabi苹果7手机

  前文我们聊了下docker容器的资源限制,回顾请参考https://www.cnblogs.com/qiuhom-1874/p/13138725.html;今天我们来聊一聊docker machine;docker machine是docker 官方提供的工具,这个工具可以在不同主机/不同系统上快速安装、管理docker环境;docker machine 的实现原理就是通过不同的驱动来连接不同类型节点,来实现docker machine管理不同平台上的docker环境;

  docker machine 安装

  1、下载二进制程序文件到本地

[root@node1 ~]# base=https://github.com/docker/machine/releases/download/v0.16.0 &&

> curl -L $base/docker-machine-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m) >/tmp/docker-machine &&

> sudo mv /tmp/docker-machine /usr/local/bin/docker-machine &&

> chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-machine

% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current

Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed

100 638 100 638 0 0 590 0 0:00:01 0:00:01 --:--:-- 590

100 26.8M 100 26.8M 0 0 11911 0 0:39:24 0:39:24 --:--:-- 16907

[root@node1 ~]# ll /usr/local/bin/docker-machine

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 28164576 Jun 18 11:28 /usr/local/bin/docker-machine

[root@node1 ~]# docker-machine version

docker-machine version 0.16.0, build 702c267f

[root@node1 ~]#

  提示:以上命令主要就做了三件事,下载对应系统的对应系统架构的docker-machine到本地/tmp/下,并保存为docker-machine;然后把/tmp/docker-machine移动至/usr/local/bin/下,然后给/usr/local/bin/docker-machine添加执行权限;如果下载完我们可以在终端运行docker-machine version 能够看到对应的版本信息,就表示docker-machine安装好了;docker-machine程序是安装好了,现在我们还不能直接使用;我们上面说过docker-machine本质就是通过不同的驱动去连接节点,连接节点实际上就是通过ssh链到节点服务器上,然后执行安装docker;所以为了能够很好的使用docker-machine 我们需要对管理的节点做免密登录;

  2、管理节点对work节点做免密登录

[root@node1 ~]# ssh-keygen

Generating public/private rsa key pair.

Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):

/root/.ssh/id_rsa already exists.

Overwrite (y/n)? y

Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):

Enter same passphrase again:

Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.

Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.

The key fingerprint is:

SHA256:4HrdVnoO+W/+J/ewP4A1m8HnneKWAKMKo3Ad2uExJ1k root@node1

The key's randomart image is:

+---[RSA 2048]----+

| |

| E |

| o. . |

| B... o = . |

| = B. S o + B o|

|. oo+. o . * = o.|

|... + o . * + = |

| . o . = +o+o|

| +++=B|

+----[SHA256]-----+

[root@node1 ~]# ssh-copy-id root@192.168.0.42

/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"

The authenticity of host '192.168.0.42 (192.168.0.42)' can't be established.

ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:EG9nua4JJuUeofheXlgQeL9hX5H53JynOqf2vf53mII.

ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:57:83:e6:46:2c:4b:bb:33:13:56:17:f7:fd:76:71:cc.

Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes

/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed

/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys

root@192.168.0.42's password:

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh 'root@192.168.0.42'"

and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

[root@node1 ~]# ssh-copy-id root@192.168.0.43

/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"

The authenticity of host '192.168.0.43 (192.168.0.43)' can't be established.

ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:EG9nua4JJuUeofheXlgQeL9hX5H53JynOqf2vf53mII.

ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:57:83:e6:46:2c:4b:bb:33:13:56:17:f7:fd:76:71:cc.

Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes

/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed

/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys

root@192.168.0.43's password:

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh 'root@192.168.0.43'"

and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

[root@node1 ~]

  提示:有关免密登录的详细说明可以参考本人博客https://www.cnblogs.com/qiuhom-1874/p/11783371.html;接下来我们就可以使用docker-machine来对节点主机进行操作了;

  对节点主机安装docker环境

容器技术之Dockant-cabi苹果7手机

  提示:以上命令表示创建一个docker-machine主机,使用generic驱动,generic表示对linux主机,如果是windows需要用到--virtualbox;--generic-ip-address表示指定节点主机的ip地址;然后在给上一名称;从上面的信息可以看到,docker-node01这台machine已经启动,它告诉我们要查看怎么连接docker-node01这台虚拟主机,请运行docker-machine env docker-node01 查看;

  查看怎么连接docker-node01这台虚拟主机

容器技术之Dockant-cabi苹果7手机

  提示:它告诉我们运行下面的命令可以配置我们的shell

容器技术之Dockant-cabi苹果7手机

  提示:从上面的信息可以看到我们运行 eval $(docker-machine env docker-node01)这条命令就表示把环境切换到docker-node01上;接下来的操作都会发送到docker node01上;

 容器技术之Dockant-cabi苹果7手机

  提示:从上面的信息可以看到,当我们使用eval $(docker-machine env docker-node01)把当前环境切换到docker-node01后,在当前终端运行的容器和下载的镜像,在退出当前终端重新登录后,本地的是没有nginx镜像的;这意味着我们切换环境后,运行容器的操作上发送给docker-node01上执行了;

  测试:我们登录到docker-node01看看是否有nginx镜像和n1容器?

容器技术之Dockant-cabi苹果7手机

  提示:用docker-machine创建虚拟主机来对节点主机管理时,我们给定虚拟主机的名称docker-machine会把该名称当作主机名,把节点主机的主机名更改为我们指定的名称;从上面的信息可以看到docker-node01这台主机上有nginx镜像和n1容器;这说明我们刚才的操作都是发送给docker-node01上了;从上面的演示可以看到,我们在docker-machine上切换环境,当前shell并不能反映我们是否切换到对应的环境了;这样一来在主机特别多的情况,很容易出错;接下来我们配置当前shell的PS1的环境变量;

  下载docker-machine-wrapper.bash、docker-machine-prompt.bash和docker-machine.bash

[root@node01 ~]# cat /etc/bash_completion.d/down.bash

base=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/docker/machine/v0.16.0

for i in docker-machine-prompt.bash docker-machine-wrapper.bash docker-machine.bash

do

sudo wget "$base/contrib/completion/bash/${i}" -P /etc/bash_completion.d

done

[root@node01 ~]#

  提示:以上脚本主要是循环下载上面说的三个脚本;执行该脚本直接有source命令即可;

容器技术之Dockant-cabi苹果7手机

  提示:我们用source命令来执行上面的脚本,提示我们连接拒绝;这是因为没有解析到raw.githubusercontent.com的地址造成的;解决办法在/etc/hosts文件中介入raw.githubusercontent.com的解析地址即可;https://site.ip138.com/raw.githubusercontent.com/;这个网站可以查询到raw.githubusercontent.com的地址;

容器技术之Dockant-cabi苹果7手机

容器技术之Dockant-cabi苹果7手机

  提示:更改/etc/hosts文件后,接下在用source命令执行上面的脚本就不会提示我们链接拒绝了;

容器技术之Dockant-cabi苹果7手机

  提示:可以看到/etc/bash_completion.d/目录下有我们要的脚本了;接下来我们就需要配置当前用户的PS1环境的值;

容器技术之Dockant-cabi苹果7手机

  提示:以上信息表示导入上面的三个脚本到当前登录用户的终端;配置好以上.bashrc后,我们在来切换环境,当前shell就不一样了;

容器技术之Dockant-cabi苹果7手机

  提示:导入了docker-machine-wrapper.bash、docker-machine-prompt.bash和docker-machine.bash这三个脚本配合现在新定义的PS1变量,我们切换环境就很容易的辨识,我们操作的node节点主机是那一台;退出当前环境,直接使用exit即可;

  到此docker-machine的环境就搭建好了;接下我们再来说说docker-machine的常用命令使用和说明

  docker-machine active:查看当前激活状态的docker主机

[root@node01 ~]# docker-machine active

docker-node01

[root@node01 ~]#

  提示:所谓激活状态的docker主机就是指的当前的DOCKER_HOST环境变量所指向的主机;

  docker-machine ls:列出所有管理的主机

[root@node01 ~]# docker-machine ls

NAME ACTIVE DRIVER STATE URL SWARM DOCKER ERRORS

docker-node01 * generic Running tcp://192.168.0.42:2376 v19.03.11

docker-node02 - generic Running tcp://192.168.0.43:2376 v19.03.11

[root@node01 ~]#

  docker-machine config:查看激活的docker主机的连接信息;

[root@node01 ~]# docker-machine config docker-node01

--tlsverify

--tlscacert="/root/.docker/machine/machines/docker-node01/ca.pem"

--tlscert="/root/.docker/machine/machines/docker-node01/cert.pem"

--tlskey="/root/.docker/machine/machines/docker-node01/key.pem"

-H=tcp://192.168.0.42:2376

[root@node01 ~]#

  docker-machine inspect :以json格式输出指定docker主机的详细信息

[root@node01 ~]# docker-machine inspect docker-node01

{

"ConfigVersion": 3,

"Driver": {

"IPAddress": "192.168.0.42",

"MachineName": "docker-node01",

"SSHUser": "root",

"SSHPort": 22,

"SSHKeyPath": "",

"StorePath": "/root/.docker/machine",

"SwarmMaster": false,

"SwarmHost": "",

"SwarmDiscovery": "",

"EnginePort": 2376,

"SSHKey": ""

},

"DriverName": "generic",

"HostOptions": {

"Driver": "",

"Memory": 0,

"Disk": 0,

"EngineOptions": {

"ArbitraryFlags": [],

"Dns": null,

"GraphDir": "",

"Env": [],

"Ipv6": false,

"InsecureRegistry": [],

"Labels": [],

"LogLevel": "",

"StorageDriver": "",

"SelinuxEnabled": false,

"TlsVerify": true,

"RegistryMirror": [],

"InstallURL": "https://get.docker.com"

},

"SwarmOptions": {

"IsSwarm": false,

"Address": "",

"Discovery": "",

"Agent": false,

"Master": false,

"Host": "tcp://0.0.0.0:3376",

"Image": "swarm:latest",

"Strategy": "spread",

"Heartbeat": 0,

"Overcommit": 0,

"ArbitraryFlags": [],

"ArbitraryJoinFlags": [],

"Env": null,

"IsExperimental": false

},

"AuthOptions": {

"CertDir": "/root/.docker/machine/certs",

"CaCertPath": "/root/.docker/machine/certs/ca.pem",

"CaPrivateKeyPath": "/root/.docker/machine/certs/ca-key.pem",

"CaCertRemotePath": "",

"ServerCertPath": "/root/.docker/machine/machines/docker-node01/server.pem",

"ServerKeyPath": "/root/.docker/machine/machines/docker-node01/server-key.pem",

"ClientKeyPath": "/root/.docker/machine/certs/key.pem",

"ServerCertRemotePath": "",

"ServerKeyRemotePath": "",

"ClientCertPath": "/root/.docker/machine/certs/cert.pem",

"ServerCertSANs": [],

"StorePath": "/root/.docker/machine/machines/docker-node01"

}

},

"Name": "docker-node01"

}

[root@node01 ~]#

  提示:以上命令也支持-f选项来指定格式,用法同docker image/container inspect 类似;

[root@node01 ~]# docker-machine inspect -f {{.HostOptions.AuthOptions.StorePath}} docker-node01

/root/.docker/machine/machines/docker-node01

[root@node01 ~]# docker-machine inspect -f {{.DriverName}} docker-node01

generic

[root@node01 ~]#

  docker-machine ip :获取指定docker主机的ip地址

[root@node01 ~]# docker-machine ip docker-node01

192.168.0.42

[root@node01 ~]# docker-machine ip docker-node02

192.168.0.43

[root@node01 ~]#

  docker-machine ssh :连接指定docker执行命令

[root@node01 ~]# docker-machine ssh docker-node01 "ip a"

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1

link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 ::1/128 scope host

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:91:99:30 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 192.168.0.42/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global ens33

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe91:9930/64 scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

4: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default

link/ether 02:42:0f:e1:e0:f7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 fe80::42:fff:fee1:e0f7/64 scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

[root@node01 ~]#

  docker-machine scp:在docker主机间以及docker主机和本地之间通过scp命令来远程复制文件

[root@node01 ~]# echo "this is test file" > /tmp/test.txt

[root@node01 ~]# cat /tmp/test.txt

this is test file

[root@node01 ~]# docker-machine scp /tmp/test.txt docker-node01:/root/

test.txt 100% 18 5.4KB/s 00:00

[root@node01 ~]# docker-machine ssh docker-node01 "ls -l /root/"

total 4

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18 Jun 19 11:26 test.txt

[root@node01 ~]# docker-machine ssh docker-node01 "cat /root/test.txt"

this is test file

[root@node01 ~]#

  提示:同scp命令用法类似;

  docker-machine rm:删除指定名称的docker主机对应的虚拟主机;

[root@node01 ~]# docker-machine ls

NAME ACTIVE DRIVER STATE URL SWARM DOCKER ERRORS

docker-node01 * generic Running tcp://192.168.0.42:2376 v19.03.11

docker-node02 - generic Running tcp://192.168.0.43:2376 v19.03.11

[root@node01 ~]# docker-machine rm docker-node02

About to remove docker-node02

WARNING: This action will delete both local reference and remote instance.

Are you sure? (y/n): y

Successfully removed docker-node02

[root@node01 ~]# docker-machine ls

NAME ACTIVE DRIVER STATE URL SWARM DOCKER ERRORS

docker-node01 * generic Running tcp://192.168.0.42:2376 v19.03.11

[root@node01 ~]#

  提示:docker-machine rm 只是删除docker-machine上的虚拟主机,对于真正的物理节点上的docker环境并没有删除;实际上就切断对指定docker主机的管控;

  docker-machine upgrade:将指定主机的docker版本更新为最新

[root@node01 ~]# docker-machine upgrade docker-node01

Waiting for SSH to be available...

Detecting the provisioner...

Upgrading docker...

Restarting docker...

[root@node01 ~]# docker-machine ls

NAME ACTIVE DRIVER STATE URL SWARM DOCKER ERRORS

docker-node01 * generic Running tcp://192.168.0.42:2376 v19.03.11

[root@node01 ~]#

  提示:如果指定docker主机的版本已经是最新的版本,那么它将不会再更新;

  docker-machine url:获取指定主机监听URL

[root@node01 ~]# docker-machine url docker-node01

tcp://192.168.0.42:2376

[root@node01 ~]#

  提示:通过docker-machine安装的docker环境,实际上就是把yum安装的docker环境,客户端和服务端分离了,各个节点就是各个服务端,而docker-machine就是同一的客户端,因为客户端和服务端不再同一主机,所以它会把docker监听在一个TCP端口上,方便客户端的来连接管理;

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