python全栈笔记

python全栈笔记[Python基础]

1、文件首行用来指定编码方式:

#-*- encoding:utf-8 -*-     

2、变量:

(1)必须是由数字、字母、下划线任意组合,且不能数字开头。

(2)不能是python中的关键字["and", "as", "assert", "break", "class", "continue", "def", "del", "elif","else", "except", "exec", "finally", "for", "from", 

         "global", "if", "import", "in", "is", "lambda", "not", "or", "pass", "print", "raise", "return", "try", "while", "with", "yield"]

(3)变量名必须具有可描述性。建议用下划线隔开,例如:age_of_oldboy。

(4)不能是中文。

#设置变量x,y

x = (1+2+3+4)

print(x)

print(x*5)

y = x*5

print (y+100-45+2)

#变量指向

age1 = 12

age2 = age1

age3 = age2

age2 = 100

print (age1,age2,age3)

3、常量:

(1)π

(2)大写一般为常量

(3)其他

BIR_OF_CHINA = 19491001

4、注释:

单行注释:#

多行注释:"""注释内容""" ,"""注释内容"""

 5、基础数据类型初识:

print (x,type(x))  #判断数字类型

(1)int  运算符:+, - ,*, / ,%, ** ,//。

(2)str  python当中凡是用引号引起来的都是字符串。

print("i"m a student")  #字符串可以用单引号/双引号包括,如果字符串内有单引号,就用双引号包括,反之则用单引号。

a = "steven"

b = "lily"

c = a + b #字符串可相加:字符串的拼接。

print(c)

$stevenlily

d = a * 2 #字串符可想乘:字符串打印几次 str * int

print (d)

msg = """

锄禾日当午,

汗滴禾下土。

谁知盘中餐,

粒粒皆辛苦。

"""#三个单引号引起来并予以赋值变量,变成了一个长字符串,而不是注释的作用了。

print(msg)

(3)bool  返回 Ture or False

a = 3

b = 2

print (a>b) #判断True False

6、用户交互:input

(1)等待输入

(2)将你输入的内容赋值给了前面的变量

(3)input出来的数据类型全部是str

#用户交互

name = input ("请输入你的名字:")

age = input ("请输入你的年龄:")

print ("我的名字是"+name,"我的年龄是"+age+"")

$请输入你的名字:x

请输入你的年龄:y

我的名字是x 我的年龄是y岁

7、条件语句

(1)if:

if...if  #两个条件都会执行

if...elif  #若if条件成立则不会执行elif条件。

if 5 > 4 :

print (666)

print (777)

print (111)

if True :

print (666)

print (777)

if False :

print (555)

print(777)

if 4 > 5 :

print ("我请你喝酒")

else :

print ("喝什么酒")

if 4 > 5 :

print ("我请你喝酒")

print ("喝什么酒")

num = input ("请输入您猜的数字:")

if num == "1" :

print ("恭喜你,答对了")

elif num == "2" :

print ("恭喜你,答对了")

elif num == "3" :

print ("恭喜你,答对了")

else :

print ("你猜错了"

scroe = int(input("请输入您的分数:"))  #int(str)改变数据类型

if scroe >= 90 :

print ("A")

elif scroe >= 80 :

print ("B")

elif scroe >= 70 :

print ("C")

elif scroe >= 60 :

print ("D")

else :

print ("you"re fail!")

输入分数评定等级,90以上A,80以上B,70以上C,60以上D以及不及格

username = input ("请输入用户名:")

password = input ("请输入密码:")

if username == "xinxin" :

if password == "abcd1234" :

print ("欢迎您!!!")

else :

print ("密码错误!!!")

else :

print ("无此账号!!!")

if的嵌套:输入账号密码,正确提示欢迎,错误提示错误。账号错误提示无此账号

(2)while

       a、无限循环

#无限循环

print("开始")

while True :

print("我们不一样")

print("在人间")

print("")

ptint("结束")

       b、终止循环:

       改变条件,使其不成立。

#方法一:

count = 1

flag = True

#标志位

while flag :

print (count)

count = count + 1

if count > 100 :

flag = False

#方法二:

count = 1

while count <= 100 :

print (count)

count = count + 1

#方法三

count = 1

while 1 :

print (count)

count = count + 1

if count > 100 :

break

计数1~100

# i = 0

# sum = 0

# while i < 100:

# i = i + 1

# sum = sum + i

# print(sum)

相加1~100

       break。直接终止

print("开始")

while True:

print("222")

print("333")

break

print("444")

print("结束")

i = 0

while 1:

i = i + 1

if i > 100:

break

print(i)

break计数1~100

  continue。跳出循环重新开始执行

print ("开始")

count = 1

while count <= 100 :

print (count)

count = count + 1

continue

continue计数1~100

i = 0

while i < 100:

i = i +1

if 95 > i > 5:

continue

print(i)

不回显6到94间的数字

  (3)while循环使用else语句

count = 0

while count < 5:

print(count,"小于5")

count +=1

else:

print(count,"大于或等于5")

 

  (4)for 循环:

ss = "1A2B3C4D5E6F!?"

for i in ss: # i是变量,ss可以是列表,元组,字典。i 在 ss中有限循环。

print(i)

#场景应用:敏感词。

sss = "你好,hello!"

if"hello"in sss:

print("您的评论中有英文")

 

 

课后练习

#方法1:

count = 0

while count < 101:

print(count)

count = count + 2

#方法2:

count = 1

while count < 101:

if count % 2 == 0:

print (count)

count = count + 1

#方法3:

count = 1

while True :

if count % 2 == 0 :

print (count)

count = count + 1

if count >=101 :

break

练习1:1-100求偶数

#方法1:

count = 1

while count < 101:

print(count)

count = count + 2 #count += 2

#方法2:

count = 1

while count < 101:

if count % 2 == 1:

print (count)

count = count + 1

#方法3:

count = 1

while True:

if count % 2 == 1:

print (count)

count = count + 1

if count >=101:

break

练习2:1-100求奇数

#方法1:

i = 1

sum1 = 0

sum2 = 0

while i < 100:

if i % 2 == 0:

sum1 = sum1 + i

else:

sum2 = sum2 + i

i = i + 1

print(sum2 - sum1)

#方法2:

i = 1

sum = 0

while i < 100:

if i % 2 == 0:

sum = sum - i

else:

sum = sum + i

i = i + 1

print(sum)

#方法3:

i = 0

j = -1

sum = 0

while i < 99:

i = i + 1

j = -j

if i % 2 == 0:

sum = sum - i

else:

sum = sum + i

print(sum)

练习3:求1 - 2 + 3 - 4... + 99 所有数的和

# 方法1:

i = 1

sum1 = 0

while i < 100:

if i == 88:

i = i + 1

continue

elif i % 2 != 0:

sum1 = sum1 + i

else:

sum1 = sum1 - i

i = i + 1

print(sum1)

#方法2:

i = 0

j = -1

sum = 0

while i < 99:

i = i + 1

j = -j

if i == 88:

continue

else:

sum = sum + i * j

print(sum)

拓展练习3:计算1 -2 + 3 ... + 99 中除了88以外的所有数的总和

# 计算1 -2 + 3 ... - 99 中除了88以外的所有数的总和

i = 1

sum1 = 0

while i < 100:

if i == 88:

i = i + 1

continue

elif i % 2 != 0:

if i == 99:

i = i + 1

sum1 = sum1 - i

sum1 = sum1 + i

else:

sum1 = sum1 - i

i = i + 1

print(sum1)

拓展练习3:计算1 -2 + 3 ... - 99 中除了88以外的所有数的总和

#方法1:

count = 0

while count < 10:

count = count + 1

if count == 7:

print ("")

else:

print(count)

#方法2:最优解

count = 0

while count < 10:

count = count + 1

if count == 7:

continue

print(count)

#方法3:

count = 0

while count < 10:

count = count + 1

if count == 7:

pass

else:

print(count)

练习4:使用while循环输入1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10

i = 0

while i < 3:

username = input ("请输入用户名:")

password = input ("请输入密码:")

if username == "xinxin"and password == "abcd1234" :

print ("欢迎您!!!")

else :

print ("错误!请重新输入")

i += 1

练习5:用户登录(三次机会)

name = "xinxin"

pwd = "123456"

i1 = 3

i2 = 3

while i2 > 0:

mz = input("请输入用户名:")

i1 = 3

if mz == name:

while i1 > 0:

mm = input("请输入密码:")

i1 = i1 - 1

if mm == pwd:

print("欢迎您,登录成功")

break

else:

print("请重新输入密码")

if i1 == 0:

print("次数已经用完,请重新登录。")

break

else:

print("用户名错误,请重新输入:")

i2 = i2 - 1

if i2 == 0:

print("次数已经用完,请重新登录。")

break

已经实现用户名密码分别三次循环

8、格式化输出:

  (1)%占位符

    %s  字符串      

    %d  数字

    %%  百分号输出

name = input("请输入姓名:")

age = input("请输入年龄:")

job = input("请输入工作:")

hobbie = input("请输入兴趣:")

msg = """--------------- info of %s ---------------

name: %s

age: %d

job: %s

hobbie:%s

我的心情指数:100%%

--------------- end ---------------""" %(name,name,int(age),job,hobbie)

print(msg)

username = "xinxin"

password = "abcd1234"

i = 0

while i < 3:

name = input("请输入账号:")

psw = input("请输入密码:")

if name == username and psw == password:

print("欢迎您")

break

else:

print("账号密码错误,请重新输入,剩下%d次机会" % (2 - i))

if (2-i) == 0:

result =input("是否还想再试试?Yes")

if result == "Yes":

i = 0

continue

i = i + 1

else:print("goodbye")

#思考自己写的这个如何进入上述代码的循环

username = "xinxin"

password = "abcd1234"

i = 0

while i < 3:

name = input("请输入账号:")

psw = input("请输入密码:")

if name == username and psw == password:

print("欢迎您")

break

else:

if name == username and psw != password:

print("密码错误,剩下%d次机会" % (2 - i))

elif name != username and psw != password:

print("账号密码错误,请重新输入,剩下%d次机会" % (2 - i))

i += 1

用户登录(三次机会)

   (2)format

# format 格式化输出的三种玩法:

# 第一种:

s3 = """my name is {}, i am {} year old,

i like {}, again, i am {}.""".format("xxx","02","playgame","xxx")

print(s3)

# 第二种:

s4 = """my name is {0}, i am {1} year old,

i like {2}, again, i am {0}.""".format("xxx","02","playgame")

print(s4)

n = input("name:")

a = input("age:")

h = input("hobby:")

s4 = """my name is {0}, i am {1} year old,

i like {2}, again, i am {0}.""".format(n,a,h)

print(s4)

# 第三种:

n = input("name:")

a = input("age:")

h = input("hobby:")

s5 = """my name is {name}, i am {age} year old,

i like {hobby}, again, i am {name}.""".format(name=n,age=a,hobby=h)

print(s5)

 9、初始编码:电脑的传输,储存实际上都是用0和1来表示。

  (1)ASCII码:设计之初只为美国本土考虑,7位足以,作者预留了1位(bit),遂形成了8位表示一个字节(byte),且所有的ASCII码最左边一位全部都是“0”

    8bit == 1byte

    1024byte == 1kb

    1024kb == 1MB

    1024MB == 1GB

    1024GB == 1TB

Bin(二进制)

Oct(八进制)

Dec(十进制)

Hex(十六进制)

缩写/字符

解释

0000 0000

0

0

00

NUL(null)

空字符

0000 0001

1

1

01

SOH(start of headline)

标题开始

0000 0010

2

2

02

STX (start of text)

正文开始

0000 0011

3

3

03

ETX (end of text)

正文结束

0000 0100

4

4

04

EOT (end of transmission)

传输结束

0000 0101

5

5

05

ENQ (enquiry)

请求

0000 0110

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