达梦DBLINK数据库链接

database

达梦创建dblink其他数据库

目录

  • 软硬件环境
  • DM-Oracle
    • 环境准备
    • 建立DBLink
    • 功能验证
      • DBlink增删查改
      • Dblink事务验证:commit和rollback
      • 存储过程中使用Dblink
      • 在游标中使用Dblink
    • 常见问题
  • DM-DM
    • 环境准备及建立DBLink
    • 建立DBlink
    • 功能验证
  • DM-SQLServer
    • 环境准备及建立DBLink
    • 建立DBlink
    • 功能验证
  • 注意事项
  • 参考文献

软硬件环境

软件

版本

操作系统

Redhat 7 及以上版本,麒麟V10

DM 数据库

DM 8.0 及以上版本

CPU 架构

x86、ARM、龙芯、飞腾等国内外主流 CPU

DM-Oracle

环境准备

在DM服务器中完成Dblink环境准备工作。

  • 在Oracle官网根据DM服务器系统下载oci包,instantclient-basic-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip,解压后将其中的*so* 文件上传至服务器/lib64目录中:

方式二:可以将解压后的整个目录上传,并将该目录加至系统环境变量LD_LIBRARY_PATH:LD_LIBRARY_PATH="$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/instantclient_12_2"。

或者添加到 /etc/ld.so.conf.d目录下指定的配置文件中:

[root@localhost ~]# echo /usr/instantclient_12_2 > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/liboci.conf

[root@localhost ~]# ldconfig

然后创建软连接

# ln -s libclntsh.so.12.1 libclntsh.so

  • 检查依赖,并安装缺失依赖:

# ldd libclntsh.so.12.1

# yum install libnsl

--如果不能联网,则到官方yum源中下载对应rpm包【libnsl-2.28-36.1.ky10.x86_64.rpm】,上传后到对应目录执行离线安装:

# rpm -ivh libnsl-2.28-36.1.ky10.x86_64.rpm

# ldconfig

采用方式二时,需要将不在动态链接库中的文件加入LD_LIBRARY_PATH或/etc/ld.so.conf.d中的配置文件

  • 重启DM数据库服务,使其加载 Oracle OCI 驱动

# systemctl restart DmServiceDMSERVER.service

在DM中建立至Oracle的Dblink:

CREATE OR REPLACE public link ocldblink CONNECT "ORACLE" WITH testdblink IDENTIFIED BY testdblink USING "10.63.33.45/xircw2";

功能验证

在Oracle中准备测试表及数据:

DBlink增删查改

  1. 通过DBlink查询

  2. 通过DBLink新增

  3. 通过DBLink修改

  4. 通过DBLink删除

Dblink事务验证:commit和rollback

  1. 会话1:新增数据,未commit

  2. 会话2:查询时,无法查到新增的数据

  3. 会话1:commit后,会话2再查询即可查到新增数据:

commit; --会话1

SELECT * FROM YY_T_CRUD@ocldblink; --会话2

  1. 执行两次insert,然后rollback,新增事务已被回滚,无法查询到新增的数据:

  1. 创建存储过程

CREATE OR replace PROCEDURE p_test(operate IN varchar, code IN varchar, name IN varchar)

AS

v_code varchar2(50) :=code;

v_name varchar2(50) :=name;

BEGIN

CASE operate

WHEN "INSERT" THEN INSERT INTO YY_T_CRUD@ocldblink(code,name) VALUES (v_code,v_name);

WHEN "DELETE" THEN DELETE FROM YY_T_CRUD@ocldblink WHERE code = v_code;

WHEN "UPDATE" THEN UPDATE YY_T_CRUD@ocldblink SET name = v_name WHERE code = v_code;

ELSE DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ("operate[" ||operate|| "] not support !");

--ELSE PRINT "operate[" ||operate|| "] not support !";

END;

END;

/

  1. 存储过程使用Dblink-新增数据

  2. 存储过程使用Dblink-更新数据

  3. 存储过程使用Dblink-删除数据

  1. 在游标中使用Dblink,并直接获取相关数据:

DECLARE

CURSOR cur_row IS SELECT CODE,NAME FROM YY_T_CRUD@ocldblink;

BEGIN

FOR v_row IN cur_row LOOP

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("测试数据code="|| v_row.CODE || ",name=" || v_row.NAME);

END LOOP;

END;

/

执行结果:

  1. 在游标中使用Dblink,进行删改操作

    准备数据

通过游标进行删改操作:

DECLARE

CURSOR cur_row IS SELECT CODE,NAME FROM YY_T_CRUD@ocldblink;

BEGIN

FOR v_row IN cur_row LOOP

IF v_row.CODE = "crud_cursor_update" THEN

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("更新数据code="|| v_row.CODE || ",name=" || v_row.NAME);

UPDATE YY_T_CRUD@ocldblink SET NAME = "游标使用示例_update by cursor" WHERE code = v_row.CODE;

COMMIT;

ELSEIF v_row.CODE = "crud_cursor_delete" THEN

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("删除数据code="|| v_row.CODE || ",name=" || v_row.NAME);

DELETE FROM YY_T_CRUD@ocldblink WHERE code = v_row.CODE;

COMMIT;

ELSE

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("跳过数据code="|| v_row.CODE || ",name=" || v_row.NAME);

END IF;

END LOOP;

END;

/

执行结果:

常见问题

  • DM 数据库使用 ODBC 方式创建 DBLINK 访问 Oracle 时报错 “[-70037]:字符串不完整” 或者中文显示为问号

    方法1:使用 Oracle OCI 的方式创建 DBLINK。如果数据库启动时未加载 Oracle OCI 驱动,需要重启数据库加载 Oracle OCI 驱动。

    方法2:配置与Oracle相同的NLS环境:

[dmdba@localhost bin]$ vim ~/.bash_profile   ---添加下面内容

export NLS_LANG="AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK"

[dmdba@localhost bin]$ source ~/.bash_profile

[dmdba@localhost bin]$ env|grep NLS_LANG

NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK

NLS_LANG 环境变量并生效后,在当前窗口重启 DM 数据库服务。

  • dm 通过 dblink 查询 Oracle 表,报错:字符串截断

    dm 通过 dblink 查询 Oracle 表时,需要与 Oracle 字符集保持一致。如果 Oracle 端字符集为 GB,dm 端为 UTF-8,则会报字符串截断问题。

DM-DM

  1. 在DM中完成Dblink环境准备工作。

[yypoc_inst1] --DM-A

mal_inst_name = DAMENG

mal_host = 10.63.34.143

mal_port = 5237

mal_inst_host = 10.63.34.143

mal_inst_port = 5236

[dbtest_inst2] --DM-B

mal_inst_name = DMSERVER

mal_host = 10.63.34.173

mal_port = 5237

mal_inst_host = 10.63.34.173

mal_inst_port = 5236

mal_inst_name为dm.ini中的实例名,两个实例名不能相同

mal_inst_port为dm.ini中的实例端口号

mal_port为对外通讯端口号,自定义配置,不与实例端口相同

A、B服务器的dmmal.ini内容需相同

在DM-A中建立至DM-B的Dblink:

CREATE OR REPLACE PUBLIC LINK dmdblink CONNECT "DAMENG" WITH "TEST" IDENTIFIED BY "test12345" USING "DMSERVER";

功能验证

在DM-B中准备测试表及数据:

--DM dblink test

CREATE TABLE YY_T_CRUD (

code varchar2(50),

name varchar2(50),

defnum NUMBER,

memo varchar2(100),

dr int DEFAULT 0,

ts char(19) DEFAULT to_char(sysdate, "yyyy-MM-dd hh24:mi:ss")

);

INSERT INTO YY_T_CRUD VALUES ("crud","增删查改示例",235.22,"备注",0,to_char(sysdate, "yyyy-MM-dd hh24:mi:ss"));

将DM-Oracle测试用例中的ocldblink替换为dmdblink后,进行增删查改、存储过程、游标测试,结果与DM-Oracle中的保持一致,皆验证通过。

测试用例如下:

----增删查改验证

INSERT INTO YY_T_CRUD@dmdblink VALUES ("crud_CUD","update示例",22235.22,"备注",0,to_char(sysdate, "yyyy-MM-dd hh24:mi:ss"));

SELECT * FROM YY_T_CRUD@dmdblink;

UPDATE YY_T_CRUD@dmdblink SET memo = "更新by dblink" WHERE code = "crud_CUD";

SELECT * FROM YY_T_CRUD@dmdblink;

DELETE FROM YY_T_CRUD@dmdblink WHERE code = "crud_CUD";

SELECT * FROM YY_T_CRUD@dmdblink;

----事务验证

--会话1

INSERT INTO YY_T_CRUD@dmdblink VALUES ("crud_commit_rollback","事务验证示例",2.23,"备注",0,to_char(sysdate, "yyyy-MM-dd hh24:mi:ss"));

SELECT * FROM YY_T_CRUD@dmdblink;

COMMIT;

INSERT INTO YY_T_CRUD@dmdblink VALUES ("crud_commit_rollback2","事务验证示例2",2,"备注",0,to_char(sysdate, "yyyy-MM-dd hh24:mi:ss"));

INSERT INTO YY_T_CRUD@dmdblink VALUES ("crud_commit_rollback3","事务验证示例3",3,"备注",0,to_char(sysdate, "yyyy-MM-dd hh24:mi:ss"));

SELECT * FROM YY_T_CRUD@dmdblink;

ROLLBACK;

--会话2

SELECT * FROM YY_T_CRUD@dmdblink;

----存储过程验证

CREATE OR replace PROCEDURE p_dm_test(operate IN varchar, code IN varchar, name IN varchar)

AS

v_code varchar2(50) :=code;

v_name varchar2(50) :=name;

BEGIN

CASE operate

WHEN "INSERT" THEN INSERT INTO YY_T_CRUD@dmdblink(code,name) VALUES (v_code,v_name);

WHEN "DELETE" THEN DELETE FROM YY_T_CRUD@dmdblink WHERE code = v_code;

WHEN "UPDATE" THEN UPDATE YY_T_CRUD@dmdblink SET name = v_name WHERE code = v_code;

ELSE DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ("operate[" ||operate|| "] not support !");

--ELSE PRINT "operate[" ||operate|| "] not support !";

END;

END;

/

p_dm_test("INSERT","crud_proc","存储过程示例");

SELECT * FROM YY_T_CRUD@dmdblink;

p_dm_test("UPDATE","crud_proc","存储过程示例-update");

SELECT * FROM YY_T_CRUD@dmdblink;

p_dm_test("DELETE","crud_proc","存储过程示例-update");

SELECT * FROM YY_T_CRUD@dmdblink;

p_dm_test("other","code","name");

----游标验证

DECLARE

CURSOR cur_row IS SELECT CODE,NAME FROM YY_T_CRUD@dmdblink;

BEGIN

FOR v_row IN cur_row LOOP

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("测试数据code="|| v_row.CODE || ",name=" || v_row.NAME);

END LOOP;

END;

/

--游标更新数据

p_dm_test("INSERT","crud_cursor","游标使用示例");

p_dm_test("INSERT","crud_cursor_update","游标使用示例");

p_dm_test("INSERT","crud_cursor_delete","游标使用示例");

SELECT * FROM YY_T_CRUD@dmdblink;

DECLARE

CURSOR cur_row IS SELECT CODE,NAME FROM YY_T_CRUD@dmdblink;

BEGIN

FOR v_row IN cur_row LOOP

IF v_row.CODE = "crud_cursor_update" THEN

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("更新数据code="|| v_row.CODE || ",name=" || v_row.NAME);

UPDATE YY_T_CRUD@dmdblink SET NAME = "游标使用示例_update by cursor" WHERE code = v_row.CODE;

COMMIT;

ELSEIF v_row.CODE = "crud_cursor_delete" THEN

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("删除数据code="|| v_row.CODE || ",name=" || v_row.NAME);

DELETE FROM YY_T_CRUD@dmdblink WHERE code = v_row.CODE;

COMMIT;

ELSE

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("跳过数据code="|| v_row.CODE || ",name=" || v_row.NAME);

END IF;

END LOOP;

END;

/

DM-SQLServer

  1. 在DM中完成Dblink环境准备工作。

-- 解压上传的介质包

#tar -zxvf unixODBC-2.3.0.tar.gz

#tar -zxvf freetds-1.2.21.tar.gz

-- 编译解压的安装包,编译命令如下,编译过程省略

#cd unixODBC-2.3.0/

#./configure

#make && make install

#cd ../freetds-1.2.21/

#./configure

#make && make install

/usr/local/bin/tsql -H 10.63.34.173 -p 1433 -U test -P test12345 -D test

$ cp -r /usr/local/lib/*  /data/dm/dmdbms/bin

  • 动编写【freetds.conf】内容如下:

#vi /usr/local/etc/freetds.conf

[mssqlserver]

host = 10.63.34.173

port = 1433

tds version = 7.3

client charset = UTF-8

  • 测试通过服务器条目进行连接,测试连接成功:

#/usr/local/bin/tsql -S mssqlserver -U test -P test12345

  • 编写【odbcinst.ini】内容如下

# vi /usr/local/etc/odbcinst.ini

[FreeTDS]

Description=ODBC of FreeTDS for MS SQL 2019

Driver=/usr/local/lib/libtdsodbc.so

  • 编写【odbc.ini】内容如下

#vi /usr/local/etc/odbc.ini

[mssql]

Description = SQLServer

Driver = /usr/local/lib/libtdsodbc.so

Trace = on

Server = 10.63.34.173

Port = 1433

User = test

Password = test12345

Database = test

TDS_Version = 7.3

  • 测试ODBC连接SQL Server数据库

$ isql -v mssql test test12345

在DM建立至SQLServer的Dblink:

CREATE OR REPLACE PUBLIC LINK "ZXZQ_DM_POC"."TESTMS" connect "ODBC" with "test" identified by "test12345" using "mssql";

drop link "ZXZQ_DM_POC"."TESTMS";

功能验证

在SQLServer中准备测试表及数据:

create table testtable (

id int,

name varchar(10),

sex char(2),

adress varchar(30)

)

go

insert into testtable values(1,"小宇","男","贵州");

insert into testtable values(2,"小丽","女","云南");

insert into testtable values(3,"小对","男","广东");

select * from testtable;

将DM-Oracle测试用例中的ocldblink及表替换为TESTMS后,进行增删查改、存储过程、游标测试,结果与DM-Oracle中的保持一致,皆验证通过。

测试用例如下:

----增删查改验证

insert into testtable@testms values(4,"小红","女","深圳");

SELECT * FROM testtable@testms;

update testtable@testms set “adress”=’香港’ where “id”=4;

SELECT * FROM testtable@testms;

delete from testtable@testms where “id”=4;

SELECT * FROM testtable@testms;

----事务验证

--会话1

insert into testtable@testms values(4,"小红","女","深圳");

SELECT * FROM testtable@testms;

COMMIT;

insert into testtable@testms values(2,"小丽","女","云南");

insert into testtable@testms values(3,"小对","男","广东");

SELECT * FROM testtable@testms;

ROLLBACK;

--会话2

SELECT * FROM testtable@testms;

----存储过程验证

CREATE OR replace PROCEDURE p_ss_test(operate IN varchar, code IN INT, name IN varchar, sex IN varchar, adress IN varchar)

AS

v_code NUMBER :=code;

v_name varchar2(50) :=name;

v_sex varchar2(50) :=sex;

v_adress varchar2(50) :=adress;

BEGIN

CASE operate

WHEN "INSERT" THEN INSERT INTO testtable@testms("id","name","sex","adress") VALUES (v_code,v_name,v_sex,v_adress);

WHEN "DELETE" THEN DELETE FROM testtable@testms WHERE "id" = v_code;

WHEN "UPDATE" THEN UPDATE testtable@testms SET "adress" = v_adress WHERE "id" = v_code;

ELSE DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ("operate[" ||operate|| "] not support !");

--ELSE PRINT "operate[" ||operate|| "] not support !";

END;

END;

/

p_ss_test("INSERT",99,"存储过程","男","香港");

SELECT * FROM testtable@testms;

p_ss_test("UPDATE",99,"存储过程","男","武汉");

SELECT * FROM testtable@testms;

p_ss_test("DELETE",99,"存储过程","男","武汉");

SELECT * FROM testtable@testms;

p_ss_test("other",99,"存储过程","男","武汉");

----游标验证

DECLARE

CURSOR cur_row IS SELECT "id","name","adress" FROM testtable@testms;

BEGIN

FOR v_row IN cur_row LOOP

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("测试数据id="|| v_row."id" || ",name=" || v_row."name" || ",adress=" || v_row."adress");

END LOOP;

END;

/

--游标更新数据

p_ss_test("INSERT",80,"游标","男","香港");

p_ss_test("INSERT",81,"游标","男","香港");

p_ss_test("INSERT",82,"游标","男","香港");

DELETE FROM testtable@testms WHERE "id" IN (80,81,82);

SELECT * FROM testtable@testms;

DECLARE

CURSOR cur_row IS SELECT "id","name","adress" FROM testtable@testms;

BEGIN

FOR v_row IN cur_row LOOP

IF v_row."id" = 81 THEN

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("更新数据id="|| v_row."id" || ",name=" || v_row."name" || ",adress=" || v_row."adress");

UPDATE testtable@testms SET "name" = "游标up" WHERE "id" = v_row."id";

COMMIT;

ELSEIF v_row."id" = 82 THEN

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("删除数据id="|| v_row."id" || ",name=" || v_row."name" || ",adress=" || v_row."adress");

DELETE FROM testtable@testms WHERE "id" = v_row."id";

COMMIT;

ELSE

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE("输出数据id="|| v_row."id" || ",name=" || v_row."name" || ",adress=" || v_row."adress");

END IF;

END LOOP;

END;

/

注意事项

  • 数据库连接目前只支持 DM、Oracle 或 ODBC。

  • DM-DM 的同构数据库链接不支持 MPP 环境,DM 与异构数据库的数据库链接支持 MPP 环境。

  • 增删改不支持 INTO 语句。

  • 不支持使用游标进行增删改操作。

  • 不支持操作远程表的复合类型列。

  • DBLINK 理论上不支持 LOB 类型列的操作,但支持简单的增删改语句中使用常量来对 LOB 类型列进行操作。

参考文献

https://eco.dameng.com/docs/zh-cn/sql-dev/practice-dblink.html

https://eco.dameng.com/docs/zh-cn/faq/faq-dm-databse.html

以上是 达梦DBLINK数据库链接 的全部内容, 来源链接: utcz.com/z/536552.html

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