SQLServer将多行数据合并为一行

Z时代
2024-01-10
分类：综合

database

一、引言

需求描述：现实工作中，有一些很特别的需求：在一个汇总表中，需要显示明细数据。因为是在汇总表中，所以明细数据只能显示在某一列中，这个列，就是多行数据合并为一行之后的结果。

案例描述：比如，在物料净需求表中，需求量扣减库存量、在途量等等之后，结果为剩余量，剩余量为负则需要采购。此时，不管剩余量为正还是为负，我们都需要密切关注在途量所涉及的采购单号，让物料在生产需求前到料并检验入库。假设在物料净需求表中，在途量明细需要显示为：采购单A，在途量：XXX；采购单B，在途量：XXX……以此类似，该如何处理呢？处理原理请往下看。

二、测试数据

CREATETABLE[dbo].[Score]
(
[ID][varchar] (32) COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS NULL,
[Name][varchar] (20) COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS NULL,
[Subject][varchar] (20) COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS NULL,
[Value][numeric] (4, 1) NULL
) ON[PRIMARY]
GO
INSERTINTO SCORE ([ID],[NAME],[SUBJECT],[VALUE]) VALUES ("1001","张三","语文",86)
INSERTINTO SCORE ([ID],[NAME],[SUBJECT],[VALUE]) VALUES ("1001","张三","数学",88)
INSERTINTO SCORE ([ID],[NAME],[SUBJECT],[VALUE]) VALUES ("1002","李四","语文",89)
INSERTINTO SCORE ([ID],[NAME],[SUBJECT],[VALUE]) VALUES ("1002","李四","数学",90)

三、实现方法

3.1、STUFF函数

代码如下：

SELECT ID,[NAME],
STUFF
    (
        (
SELECT","+[SUBJECT]+":"+CAST([VALUE]ASVARCHAR(MAX))
FROM SCORE
WHERE (ID=Result.ID)
FOR XML PATH(""),TYPE).value("(./text())[1]","VARCHAR(MAX)"
        ),1,1,""
    ) AS NameValues
FROM SCORE Result
GROUPBY ID,[NAME]
ORDERBY ID

3.2、GROUP_CONCAT函数

GROUP_CONCAT并非SQL Server自带函数，本文使用的是来源于网络自由软件创建的托管代码。GroupConcatInstallation.sql为函数安装，GroupConcatUninstallation.sql为函数卸载。

/*
GROUP_CONCAT string aggregate for SQL Server - https://groupconcat.codeplex.com
Copyright (C) 2011  Orlando Colamatteo
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or 
any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
See http://www.gnu.org/licenses/ for a copy of the GNU General Public 
License.
*/
/*
Installation script for GROUP_CONCAT functions. Tested in SSMS 2008R2.
*/
SET NOCOUNT ON ;
GO
-- !! MODIFY TO SUIT YOUR TEST ENVIRONMENT !!
--USE GroupConcatTest
GO
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Turn advanced options on
EXEC sys.sp_configure @configname="show advanced options", @configvalue=1 ;
GO
RECONFIGUREWITH OVERRIDE ;
GO
-- Enable CLR
EXEC sys.sp_configure @configname="clr enabled", @configvalue=1 ;
GO
RECONFIGUREWITH OVERRIDE ;
GO
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SET ANSI_NULLS, ANSI_PADDING, ANSI_WARNINGS, ARITHABORT, QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON;
SET CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL, NUMERIC_ROUNDABORT OFF;
GO
IFEXISTS (SELECT*FROM tempdb..sysobjects WHERE id=OBJECT_ID("tempdb..#tmpErrors")) DROPTABLE #tmpErrors
GO
CREATETABLE #tmpErrors (Error int)
GO
SET XACT_ABORT ON
GO
SETTRANSACTIONISOLATIONLEVELREADCOMMITTED
GO
BEGINTRANSACTION
GO
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PRINT N"Creating [GroupConcat]...";
GO
CREATE ASSEMBLY [GroupConcat]
AUTHORIZATION[dbo]
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WITH PERMISSION_SET = SAFE;
GO
IF@@ERROR<>0
AND@@TRANCOUNT>0
BEGIN
ROLLBACK;
END
IF@@TRANCOUNT=0
BEGIN
INSERTINTO #tmpErrors (Error)
VALUES                 (1);
BEGINTRANSACTION;
END
GO
EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty 
@name= N"URL",
@value= N"http://groupconcat.codeplex.com",
@level0type= N"ASSEMBLY",
@level0name= N"GroupConcat"
GO
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PRINT N"Creating [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT_D]...";
GO
CREATE AGGREGATE [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT_D](@VALUENVARCHAR (4000), @DELIMITERNVARCHAR (4))
RETURNSNVARCHAR (MAX)
    EXTERNAL NAME [GroupConcat].[GroupConcat.GROUP_CONCAT_D];
GO
IF@@ERROR<>0
AND@@TRANCOUNT>0
BEGIN
ROLLBACK;
END
IF@@TRANCOUNT=0
BEGIN
INSERTINTO #tmpErrors (Error)
VALUES                 (1);
BEGINTRANSACTION;
END
GO
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PRINT N"Creating [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT_S]...";
GO
CREATE AGGREGATE [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT_S](@VALUENVARCHAR (4000), @SORT_ORDERTINYINT)
RETURNSNVARCHAR (MAX)
    EXTERNAL NAME [GroupConcat].[GroupConcat.GROUP_CONCAT_S];
GO
IF@@ERROR<>0
AND@@TRANCOUNT>0
BEGIN
ROLLBACK;
END
IF@@TRANCOUNT=0
BEGIN
INSERTINTO #tmpErrors (Error)
VALUES                 (1);
BEGINTRANSACTION;
END
GO
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PRINT N"Creating [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT_DS]...";
GO
CREATE AGGREGATE [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT_DS](@VALUENVARCHAR (4000), @DELIMITERNVARCHAR (4), @SORT_ORDERTINYINT)
RETURNSNVARCHAR (MAX)
    EXTERNAL NAME [GroupConcat].[GroupConcat.GROUP_CONCAT_DS];
GO
IF@@ERROR<>0
AND@@TRANCOUNT>0
BEGIN
ROLLBACK;
END
IF@@TRANCOUNT=0
BEGIN
INSERTINTO #tmpErrors (Error)
VALUES                 (1);
BEGINTRANSACTION;
END
GO
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PRINT N"Creating [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT]...";
GO
CREATE AGGREGATE [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT](@VALUENVARCHAR (4000))
RETURNSNVARCHAR (MAX)
    EXTERNAL NAME [GroupConcat].[GroupConcat.GROUP_CONCAT];
GO
IF@@ERROR<>0
AND@@TRANCOUNT>0
BEGIN
ROLLBACK;
END
IF@@TRANCOUNT=0
BEGIN
INSERTINTO #tmpErrors (Error)
VALUES                 (1);
BEGINTRANSACTION;
END
GO
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IFEXISTS (SELECT*FROM #tmpErrors) ROLLBACKTRANSACTION
GO
IF@@TRANCOUNT>0BEGIN
PRINT N"The transacted portion of the database update succeeded."
COMMITTRANSACTION
END
ELSEPRINT N"The transacted portion of the database update failed."
GO
DROPTABLE #tmpErrors
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GO

GroupConcatInstallation.sql

/*
GROUP_CONCAT string aggregate for SQL Server - https://groupconcat.codeplex.com
Copyright (C) 2011  Orlando Colamatteo
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or 
any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
See http://www.gnu.org/licenses/ for a copy of the GNU General Public 
License.
*/
/*
Uninstallation script for GROUP_CONCAT functions. Tested in SSMS 2008R2.
*/
SET NOCOUNT ON ;
GO
-- !! MODIFY TO SUIT YOUR TEST ENVIRONMENT !!
--USE TEST
GO
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IFEXISTS ( SELECT*
FROM    sys.objects
WHEREobject_id=OBJECT_ID(N"[dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT]")
AND type = N"AF" ) 
DROP AGGREGATE [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT]
GO
IFEXISTS ( SELECT*
FROM    sys.objects
WHEREobject_id=OBJECT_ID(N"[dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT_D]")
AND type = N"AF" ) 
DROP AGGREGATE [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT_D]
GO
IFEXISTS ( SELECT*
FROM    sys.objects
WHEREobject_id=OBJECT_ID(N"[dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT_DS]")
AND type = N"AF" ) 
DROP AGGREGATE [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT_DS]
GO
IFEXISTS ( SELECT*
FROM    sys.objects
WHEREobject_id=OBJECT_ID(N"[dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT_S]")
AND type = N"AF" ) 
DROP AGGREGATE [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT_S]
GO
IFEXISTS ( SELECT*
FROM    sys.assemblies asms
WHERE   asms.name = N"GroupConcat"
AND is_user_defined =1 ) 
DROP ASSEMBLY [GroupConcat]
GO

GroupConcatUninstallation.sql