MySQL容器部署及数据持久化（主从复制）
作者：王少鹏（老A），中国开源协会（oscna.org）数据库分会成员，现就职于上海某MySQL数据库厂商。
本文来源：鸡书之家（dbawsp.com）出品，转载请注明来源，谢谢。
运维经常要和数据库打交道，尤其是MySQL，以前的方式是在本机装个MySQL或者MySQL主从复制架构用于本地调试，但有了docker以后就不需要再去繁琐的安装MySQL啦（虽然安装MySQL也不是很麻烦），直接在docker中启几个MySQL容器就可以自动建立主从复制关系了。
1. 安装docker与docker-compose
# 卸载老版本docker[root@docker ~]# yum remove docker docker-client docker-client-latest docker-common docker-latest docker-latest-logrotate docker-logrotate docker-engine
[root@docker ~]# yum -y install epel-release wget
[root@docker ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
[root@docker ~]# sed -i "s#download.docker.com#mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce#g" /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
[root@docker ~]# yum -y install docker-ce
# 启动并配置镜像加速
[root@docker ~]# systemctl start docker.service && systemctl enable docker.service
[root@docker ~]# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://registry.docker-cn.com"]
}
或者
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://dockerhub.mirrors.nwafu.edu.cn/"],
"storage-driver":"devicemapper"
}
[root@docker ~]# systemctl restart docker.service
- 安装docker-compose
[root@docker ~]# curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.25.3/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose[root@docker ~]# chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
[root@docker ~]# ln -s /usr/local/bin/docker-compose /usr/bin/docker-compose
2. 先决条件
[root@docker ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7.30[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mysql 5.7.30 a4fdfd462add 10 hours ago 448MB
[root@docker ~]# mkdir -p /data/mysql/master/{conf,data}
[root@docker ~]# mkdir -p /data/mysql/slave/conf
[root@docker ~]# mkdir -p /data/mysql/{init-db-m,init-db-s}
[root@docker ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql
# 主库的创建用户SQL脚本
[root@docker ~]# cat /data/mysql/init-db-m/create_user_1.sql
grant all on *.* to "dumpuser"@"%" identified by "123456";
grant replication slave on *.* to "repl"@"%" identified by "123456";
# 从库远程备份主库及创建主从通道Bash脚本
[root@docker ~]# cat /data/mysql/init-db-s/dump-repl_1.sh
#!/bin/bash
while ! mysql -uping -p123456 -hmysql_m_compose -P3306 -e "select 1"
do
sleep 1
done
sleep 3
mysqldump -udumpuser -p123456 -hmysql_m_compose -P3306 --single-transaction --default-character-set=utf8mb4 --set-gtid-purged=on --master-data=2 --flush-logs --hex-blob --triggers --routines --events --all-databases > /tmp/full.sql
mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "reset master;"
mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "source /tmp/full.sql;"
mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST="mysql_m_compose",MASTER_USER="repl",MASTER_PASSWORD="123456",MASTER_PORT=3306,MASTER_CONNECT_RETRY=10,MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1;"
mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "start slave;"
3. 创建主从配置文件
# mysql_m_compose节点[root@docker ~]# cat /data/mysql/master/conf/my.cnf
[mysqld]
server_id = 33060000
port = 3306
log_timestamps=SYSTEM
max_allowed_packet = 16M
read_only = 0
character_set_server = utf8mb4
secure_file_priv = ""
max_connect_errors = 100000
interactive_timeout = 1800
wait_timeout = 1800
# BINLOG
log_bin = mysql-bin
binlog_format = row
log_slave_updates = 1
max_binlog_size = 200M
relay_log = relay-bin
sync_binlog = 1
# GTID
gtid_mode = ON
enforce_gtid_consistency = 1
binlog_gtid_simple_recovery = 1
# ENGINE
default_storage_engine = InnoDB
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# mysql_s_compose节点
[root@docker ~]# cat /data/mysql/slave/conf/my.cnf
[mysqld]
server_id = 33060001
port = 3306
log_timestamps=SYSTEM
max_allowed_packet = 16M
read_only = 0
character_set_server = utf8mb4
secure_file_priv = ""
max_connect_errors = 100000
interactive_timeout = 1800
wait_timeout = 1800
# BINLOG
log_bin = mysql-bin
binlog_format = row
log_slave_updates = 1
max_binlog_size = 200M
relay_log = relay-bin
sync_binlog = 1
# GTID
gtid_mode = ON
enforce_gtid_consistency = 1
binlog_gtid_simple_recovery = 1
# ENGINE
default_storage_engine = InnoDB
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1
4. 创建docker-compose.yml文件
- 将init_sql下的文件映射到
/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d目录下(注：/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d下以sql或sh结尾的文件会在数据库初始化完成后自动执行)
[root@docker ~]# cat /data/mysql/docker-compose.ymlversion: "3"
services:
mysql_m_compose:
image: mysql:5.7.30
container_name: mysql_m
restart: always
ports:
- 33061:3306
environment:
- MYSQL_USER=ping
- MYSQL_PASSWORD=123456
- MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456
volumes:
- ./master/conf/my.cnf:/etc/my.cnf
- ./master/data:/var/lib/mysql
- ./init-db-m:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d
mysql_s_compose:
image: mysql:5.7.30
container_name: mysql_s
restart: always
ports:
- 33062:3306
depends_on:
- mysql_m_compose
environment:
- MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456
volumes:
- ./slave/conf/my.cnf:/etc/my.cnf
- ./init-db-s:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d
5. docker-compose启动mysql容器
[root@docker mysql]# docker-compose up -dCreating network "mysql_default" with the default driver
Creating mysql_m ... done
Creating mysql_s ... done
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
35cc9c6fbf52 mysql:5.7.30 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 6 minutes ago Up 6 minutes 33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:33062->3306/tcp mysql_s
53a04e176ecc mysql:5.7.30 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 6 minutes ago Up 6 minutes 33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:33061->3306/tcp mysql_m
# 检查主从复制关系
# 主库
mysql_m> use db
Database changed
mysql_m> create table t1(id int,name varchar(32));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql_m> insert into t1 values(1,"aa"),(2,"bb"),(3,"cc");
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql_m> select * from db.t1;
+------+------+
| id | name |
+------+------+
| 1 | aa |
| 2 | bb |
| 3 | cc |
+------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
# 从库
mysql_s> select * from db.t1;
+------+------+
| id | name |
+------+------+
| 1 | aa |
| 2 | bb |
| 3 | cc |
+------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
# 查看主从复制状态信息
mysql_s> show slave statusG
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: mysql_m_compose
Master_User: repl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 10
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 194
Relay_Log_File: relay-bin.000004
Relay_Log_Pos: 367
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 194
Relay_Log_Space: 568
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 33060000
Master_UUID: f93b936b-9b6b-11ea-9bda-0242c0a82002
Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set: f93b936b-9b6b-11ea-9bda-0242c0a82002:1-9
Auto_Position: 1
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
6. 销毁两个容器
[root@docker mysql]# docker-compose downStopping mysql_s ... done
Stopping mysql_m ... done
Removing mysql_s ... done
Removing mysql_m ... done
Removing network mysql_default
[root@docker mysql]# ll -sh /data/mysql/master/data/
total 192M
4.0K -rw-r----- 1 polkitd input 1.2K May 21 14:12 53a04e176ecc-slow.log
4.0K -rw-r----- 1 polkitd input 56 May 21 14:04 auto.cnf
4.0K -rw------- 1 polkitd input 1.7K May 21 14:04 ca-key.pem
4.0K -rw-r--r-- 1 polkitd input 1.1K May 21 14:04 ca.pem
4.0K -rw-r--r-- 1 polkitd input 1.1K May 21 14:04 client-cert.pem
4.0K -rw------- 1 polkitd input 1.7K May 21 14:04 client-key.pem
0 drwxr-x--- 2 polkitd input 48 May 21 14:05 db
4.0K -rw-r----- 1 polkitd input 1.4K May 21 14:04 ib_buffer_pool
76M -rw-r----- 1 polkitd input 76M May 21 14:12 ibdata1
48M -rw-r----- 1 polkitd input 48M May 21 14:12 ib_logfile0
48M -rw-r----- 1 polkitd input 48M May 21 14:04 ib_logfile1
12M -rw-r----- 1 polkitd input 12M May 21 14:04 ibtmp1
4.0K drwxr-x--- 2 polkitd input 4.0K May 21 14:04 mysql
4.0K -rw-r----- 1 polkitd input 177 May 21 14:04 mysql-bin.000001
7.9M -rw-r----- 1 polkitd input 7.9M May 21 14:04 mysql-bin.000002
4.0K -rw-r----- 1 polkitd input 241 May 21 14:04 mysql-bin.000003
4.0K -rw-r----- 1 polkitd input 887 May 21 14:12 mysql-bin.000004
4.0K -rw-r----- 1 polkitd input 76 May 21 14:04 mysql-bin.index
12K drwxr-x--- 2 polkitd input 8.0K May 21 14:04 performance_schema
4.0K -rw------- 1 polkitd input 1.7K May 21 14:04 private_key.pem
4.0K -rw-r--r-- 1 polkitd input 452 May 21 14:04 public_key.pem
4.0K -rw-r--r-- 1 polkitd input 1.1K May 21 14:04 server-cert.pem
4.0K -rw------- 1 polkitd input 1.7K May 21 14:04 server-key.pem
12K drwxr-x--- 2 polkitd input 8.0K May 21 14:04 sys
[root@docker mysql]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
7. 重建MySQL容器
[root@docker mysql]# docker-compose up -dCreating network "mysql_default" with the default driver
Creating mysql_m ... done
Creating mysql_s ... done
[root@docker mysql]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
7cd912fa9721 mysql:5.7.30 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 8 seconds ago Up 8 seconds 33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:33062->3306/tcp mysql_s
d9e3514a1e19 mysql:5.7.30 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 9 seconds ago Up 8 seconds 33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:33061->3306/tcp mysql_m
# 主库
mysql_m> select * from db.t1;
+------+------+
| id | name |
+------+------+
| 1 | aa |
| 2 | bb |
| 3 | cc |
+------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
# 从库
mysql_s> select * from db.t1;
+------+------+
| id | name |
+------+------+
| 1 | aa |
| 2 | bb |
| 3 | cc |
+------+------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql_s> show slave statusG
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: mysql_m_compose
Master_User: repl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 10
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000006
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 194
Relay_Log_File: relay-bin.000004
Relay_Log_Pos: 367
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000006
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 194
Relay_Log_Space: 568
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 33060000
Master_UUID: f93b936b-9b6b-11ea-9bda-0242c0a82002
Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set: f93b936b-9b6b-11ea-9bda-0242c0a82002:1-12
Auto_Position: 1
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
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