在AzureCentOSVM中配置SQLServer2019AG(上)

database

前文

  • 假定您对Azure和SQL Server HA具有基础知识
  • 假定您对Azure Cli具有基础知识
  • 目标是在Azure Linux VM上创建一个具有三个副本的可用性组,并实现侦听器和Fencing配置

环境

  • SQL Server 2019 Developer on Linux
  • Azure VM Fencing agent
  • Azure Cli实现部分配置
  • CentOS 7.7 Azure VM,分别SQL19N1,SQL19N2,SQL19N3,位于同一VNet

步骤

  • 为VM创建资源组和可用性集

# 中国东部2创建资源组

az group create --name SQL-DEMO-RG --location chinaeast2

# 创建用于VM人Availability Set,配置2个容错域,2个更新域

az vm availability-set create

--resource-group SQL-DEMO-RG

--name AGLinux-AvailabilitySet

--platform-fault-domain-count 2

--platform-update-domain-count 2

  • 使用Template部署3台VM

第一次创建VM时,会生成template,然后下载保存下,修改其中的参数值后,就可以方便地创建配置类似的VM。VM的配置主要有:

  • 使用前面的可用性集
  • 使用同一个子网
  • IP使用Standard
  • SSH public key配置

模板和参数文件太长,就不展示了。可以在Azure Portal上自行获取。

# 如下是SQL19N2的配置,修改参数文件后,直接可以用于创建SQL19N3

templateFile="./templateFile"

paramFile="./vmParams-sql19n2.json"

az deployment group validate --name sql19n2vm

-g SQL-DEMO-RG --template-file $templateFile --parameters $paramFile

  • 配置VM使用固定内网IP和公网DNS Label

三台VM都需要修改配置,如下只是一台的配置示例

# 找出nic和IP的信息

az network nic list -g SQL-DEMO-RG --query "[].{nicName:name,configuration:ipConfigurations[].{ipName:name,ip:privateIpAddress,method:privateIpAllocationMethod}}" -o yaml

# 修改privateIpAllocationMethod为Static

az network nic ip-config update -g SQL-DEMO-RG --nic-name sql19n1152 --name ipconfig1 --set privateIpAllocationMethod=Static

# 找出pbulic ip名称

az network public-ip list -g SQL-DEMO-RG --query "[].name" -o tsv

# 配置Public IP的DNS name,只能使用数据和小字字母

az network public-ip update -g SQL-DEMO-RG -n SQL19N1ip851 --dns-name sql19n1

  • 安装HA相关软件包

最好先更新一下系统的软件包,再安装HA相关软件。

yum update -y

yum install -y pacemaker pcs fence-agents-all resource-agents fence-agents-azure-arm

reboot

  • 为群集和SQL Server开放防火墙端口

# Pacemaker和Corosync的端口

# TCP: Ports 2224,3121,21064,5405

# UDP: Port 5405

firewall-cmd --add-port=2224/tcp --permanent

firewall-cmd --add-port=2224/tcp --permanent

firewall-cmd --add-port=21064/tcp --permanent

firewall-cmd --add-port=5405/tcp --permanent

firewall-cmd --add-port=5405/udp --permanent

# SQL Server端口和AG镜像端口

# TCP: 1433,5022

firewall-cmd --add-port=1433/tcp --permanent

firewall-cmd --add-port=5022/tcp --permanent

firewall-cmd --reload

  • 添加hosts记录

vi /etc/hosts

172.17.2.8 SQL19N1

172.17.2.9 SQL19N2

172.17.2.10 SQL19N3

  • 创建Pacemaker群集

# 设置Pacemaker的默认用户密码,三台VM上

passwd hacluster

# 设置pacemaker和pcsd自启动在三台VM上

systemctl enable pcsd

systemctl start pcsd

systemctl enable pacemaker

# 创建群集,在master节点

sudo pcs cluster auth SQL19N1 SQL19N2 SQL19N3 -u hacluster

sudo pcs cluster setup --name agcluster SQL19N1 SQL19N2 SQL19N3 --token 30000 --force

sudo pcs cluster start --all

sudo pcs cluster enable --all

# 查看群集状态

pcs status

# 在三个节点上修改quorum的expected-votes为3,其实三节点群集默认为3

# 设置表示,群集存活需要3票,这个修改只影响当前running群集,不会变成群集的永久性配置保存下来

pcs quorum expected-votes 3

  • 在Azure上为Fencing Agent配置Servic Princinpal

# 1. 创建 aad app,成功后记录下相应的appID

az ad app create --display-name sqldemorg-app --identifier-uris http://localhost

--password "1qaz@WSX3edc" --end-date "2030-04-27" --credential-description "sql19 ag secret"

# 2. 创建aad App的Service Principal

az ad sp create --id <appID>

# 3. 将service Principal分配到VM对应的管理role,对每个VM都要执行

# 我这里分配的是Owner role,这不是安全的做法。应该使用自定义一个role,只给最小权限

# 自定义role需要Azure订阅是PP1或者PP2级别

az role assignment create --assignee <appID> --role owner

--scope /subscriptions/<subscription-ID>/resourceGroups/<resourceGroup-Name>/providers/Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/SQL19N1

  • 创建Azure的STONITH 设备

我使用的是Azure China,所以需要指定cloud=china,如果使用global Azure不需要指定此参数。

执行 fence_azure_arm -h,查看此资源代理的更多帮助信息

pcs property set stonith-timeout=900

pcs stonith create rsc_st_azure fence_azure_arm login="<ApplicationID>" passwd="<servicePrincipalPassword>" resourceGroup="<resourceGroupName>" tenantId="<tenantID>" subscriptionId="<subscriptionId>" power_timeout=240 pcmk_reboot_timeout=900 cloud=china

  • 安装SQL 2019及工具

# 安装 SQL 2019和HA 资源代理

sudo curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/mssql-server.repo https://packages.microsoft.com/config/rhel/7/mssql-server-2019.repo

sudo yum install -y mssql-server

sudo /opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf setup

sudo yum install mssql-server-ha

# 安装 mssql-tools

sudo curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/msprod.repo https://packages.microsoft.com/config/rhel/7/prod.repo

sudo yum install -y mssql-tools unixODBC-devel

# 将mssql-tools目录加入到aPATH,方便使用

echo "export PATH="$PATH:/opt/mssql-tools/bin"" >> ~/.bash_profile

echo "export PATH="$PATH:/opt/mssql-tools/bin"" >> ~/.bashrc

source ~/.bashrc

# 安装 mssql-cli

sudo rpm --import https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc

sudo curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/mssql-cli.repo https://packages.microsoft.com/config/rhel/7/prod.repo

sudo yum install mssql-cli

# 查看SQL 状态

systemctl status mssql-server

如果您熟悉 SQL Server相关的PowerShell,建议将PowerShell也安装上,并安装SQLServer module。对SQL Server的配置,使用PowerShell会方便很多

yum install powershell -y

pwsh

Install-Module SQLServer

# 查看SQL相关的命令

Get-Command -Module SQLServer

  • 配置AG

  • 创建PowerShell 函数方便后续执行T-SQL

# 打开PowerShell的 profile文件,如果不存在需要则需要创建

vi /root/.config/powershell/Microsoft.PowerShell_profile.ps1

# 将如下函数加入 到 profile文件中,每次打开pwsh时就可以直接调用

# 函数有两个参数,$sql表示需要执行的T-SQL,最好使用here-string以避免字符转义问题

# $servers表示目标实例,数组类型。默认值为当前环境中的三个实例

function run-sql ($sql,$servers=("SQL19N1","SQL19N2","SQL19N3"))

{

$secpasswd = "1qaz@WSX"|ConvertTo-SecureString -AsPlainText -Force

$cred=New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential -ArgumentList "sa", $secpasswd

$sql

"---------"

foreach($svr in $servers) {"Running T-SQL on $svr..."; Invoke-Sqlcmd -ServerInstance $svr -Credential $cred -Query $sql}

}

  • 启用 hadr功能,每个实例

sudo /opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf set hadr.hadrenabled 1

sudo systemctl restart mssql-server

  • 启动AG extened event session

# T-SQL,每个实例

ALTER EVENT SESSION AlwaysOn_health ON SERVER WITH (STARTUP_STATE=ON);

GO

  • 在主副本实例上创建证书,这个证书用于验证Mirroring endpoint通信。将证书和私钥复制到其它节点上的相同的目录位置。授予mssql用户访问权限

CREATE MASTER KEY ENCRYPTION BY PASSWORD = "1qaz@WSX";

GO

CREATE CERTIFICATE dbm_certificate WITH SUBJECT = "dbm";

GO

BACKUP CERTIFICATE dbm_certificate

TO FILE = "/var/opt/mssql/data/dbm_certificate.cer"

WITH PRIVATE KEY (

FILE = "/var/opt/mssql/data/dbm_certificate.pvk",

ENCRYPTION BY PASSWORD = "1qaz@WSX"

);

# 复制证书和私钥到辅助副本主机SQL19N2和SQL19N3

cd /var/opt/mssql/data

scp dbm_certificate.* root@SQL19N2:/var/opt/mssql/data/

scp dbm_certificate.* root@SQL19N3:/var/opt/mssql/data/

# 辅助副本节点上修改权限

cd /var/opt/mssql/data

chown mssql:mssql dbm_certificate.*

  • 在辅助副本实例中创建master key并导入证书

CREATE MASTER KEY ENCRYPTION BY PASSWORD = "1qaz@WSX";

GO

CREATE CERTIFICATE dbm_certificate

FROM FILE = "/var/opt/mssql/data/dbm_certificate.cer"

WITH PRIVATE KEY (

FILE = "/var/opt/mssql/data/dbm_certificate.pvk",

DECRYPTION BY PASSWORD = "1qaz@WSX"

);

  • 创建AG的镜像端口,注意防火墙和NSG配置端口例外

CREATE ENDPOINT [Hadr_endpoint]

AS TCP (LISTENER_PORT = 5022)

FOR DATABASE_MIRRORING (

ROLE = ALL,

AUTHENTICATION = CERTIFICATE dbm_certificate,

ENCRYPTION = REQUIRED ALGORITHM AES

);

GO

ALTER ENDPOINT [Hadr_endpoint] STATE = STARTED;

  • 创建三个副本,同步模式的AG,主副本实例上执行

CREATE AVAILABILITY GROUP [ag1]

WITH (DB_FAILOVER = ON, CLUSTER_TYPE = EXTERNAL)

FOR REPLICA ON

N"SQL19N1"

WITH (

ENDPOINT_URL = N"tcp://SQL19N1:5022",

AVAILABILITY_MODE = SYNCHRONOUS_COMMIT,

FAILOVER_MODE = EXTERNAL,

SEEDING_MODE = AUTOMATIC,

SECONDARY_ROLE(ALLOW_CONNECTIONS = ALL)

),

N"SQL19N2"

WITH (

ENDPOINT_URL = N"tcp://SQL19N2:5022",

AVAILABILITY_MODE = SYNCHRONOUS_COMMIT,

FAILOVER_MODE = EXTERNAL,

SEEDING_MODE = AUTOMATIC,

SECONDARY_ROLE(ALLOW_CONNECTIONS = ALL)

),

N"SQL19N3"

WITH(

ENDPOINT_URL = N"tcp://SQL19N3:5022",

AVAILABILITY_MODE = SYNCHRONOUS_COMMIT,

FAILOVER_MODE = EXTERNAL,

SEEDING_MODE = AUTOMATIC,

SECONDARY_ROLE(ALLOW_CONNECTIONS = ALL)

);

GO

ALTER AVAILABILITY GROUP [ag1] GRANT CREATE ANY DATABASE;

GO

  • 为Pacemaker创建sql登录并授权,每个实例

USE [master]

GO

CREATE LOGIN [pacemakerLogin] with PASSWORD= N"1qaz@WSX"

go

ALTER SERVER ROLE [sysadmin] ADD MEMBER [pacemakerLogin];

GO

  • 将pacemaker的login信息保存到本地文件

echo "pacemakerLogin" >> /var/opt/mssql/secrets/passwd

echo "1qaz@WSX" >> /var/opt/mssql/secrets/passwd

# 只允许root读取

chown root:root /var/opt/mssql/secrets/passwd

chmod 400 /var/opt/mssql/secrets/passwd

  • 将辅助副本加入到AG, 辅助副本执行

ALTER AVAILABILITY GROUP [ag1] JOIN WITH (CLUSTER_TYPE = EXTERNAL);

GO

# auto_seeding功能需要的权限

ALTER AVAILABILITY GROUP [ag1] GRANT CREATE ANY DATABASE;

GO

  • 如果您不希望pacemakerLogin具有sysadmin的权限,可以将之从sysadmin中移除,并授予如下权限。每个实例

ALTER SERVER ROLE [sysadmin] DROP MEMBER [pacemakerLogin]

GO

GRANT ALTER, CONTROL, VIEW DEFINITION ON AVAILABILITY GROUP::ag1 TO pacemakerLogin;

GO

GRANT VIEW SERVER STATE TO pacemakerLogin;

GO

  • 添加数据库到AG,主副本执行

CREATE DATABASE [db1];

GO

ALTER DATABASE [db1] SET RECOVERY FULL;

GO

BACKUP DATABASE [db1]

TO DISK = N"nul";

GO

ALTER AVAILABILITY GROUP [ag1] ADD DATABASE [db1];

GO

  • 可用性数据库状态

SELECT * FROM sys.databases WHERE name = "db1";

GO

SELECT DB_NAME(database_id) AS "database", synchronization_state_desc FROM sys.dm_hadr_database_replica_states;

  • 在Pacemaker群集中配置AG

  • 创建AG资源,ag_name要指定为之前创建AG名称

pcs resource create agcluster ocf:mssql:ag ag_name=ag1 meta failure-timeout=30s master notify=true

  • 创建虚拟IP资源

# 禁用fencing

pcs property set stonith-enabled=false

# 创建VIP

pcs resource create virtualip ocf:heartbeat:IPaddr2 ip=172.17.2.7

  • 创建 colacation constraint,vip和master必需在同一个节点上启动

pcs constraint colocation add virtualip agcluster-master INFINITY with-rsc-role=Master

  • 创建 ordering constraint,vip要先于master副本资源启动

pcs constraint order promote agcluster-master then start virtualip

# 查看当前的约束

pcs constraint show --full

  • 重新启用STONITH并查看群集状态

pcs property set stonith-enabled=true

pcs status

# 我的环境中的状态信息

---------------------------------------

Cluster name: agcluster

Stack: corosync

Current DC: SQL19N3 (version 1.1.20-5.el7_7.2-3c4c782f70) - partition with quorum

Last updated: Wed Apr 29 04:24:50 2020

Last change: Wed Apr 29 04:24:45 2020 by root via cibadmin on SQL19N1

3 nodes configured

5 resources configured

Online: [ SQL19N1 SQL19N2 SQL19N3 ]

Full list of resources:

rsc_st_azure (stonith:fence_azure_arm): Started SQL19N1

Master/Slave Set: agcluster-master [agcluster]

Masters: [ SQL19N1 ]

Slaves: [ SQL19N2 SQL19N3 ]

virtualip (ocf::heartbeat:IPaddr2): Started SQL19N1

Daemon Status:

corosync: active/enabled

pacemaker: active/enabled

pcsd: active/enabled

  • 测试Failover和Fencing

# 手动failover

pcs resource move agcluster-master SQL19N2 --master

pcs status

# 手动 failover会生成一个constraint,避免AG资源再回到原来的节点

# 如果希望AG后续还能 failover回来,需要手动删除之

pcs constraint show --full

pcs constraint remove cli-prefer-agcluster-master

# 尝试Fencing群集节点,每个节点都试一下

# 如下命令的fencing只是重启node,如果要安全关闭node,使用--off参数

pcs stonith fence SQL19N3 --debug

以上是 在AzureCentOSVM中配置SQLServer2019AG(上) 的全部内容, 来源链接: utcz.com/z/533393.html

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