阿里云centos安装oracle

database

centos安装oracle

目录

  • 阿里云centos安装oracle

    • 阿里云默认没有swap分区,oracle安装需要
    • 安装Oracle所需的依赖包
    • 创建用户和组
    • 关闭SELINUX(阿里云缺省关闭)
    • 开始安装

      • 使用“su - u oracle”切换到oracle账号下
      • 修改db_install.rsp文件
      • 安装Oracle

阿里云centos安装oracle

阿里云默认没有swap分区,oracle安装需要

创建swap分区是为了弥补物理内存的不足,也就是虚拟内存的概念,把硬盘的一部分划分作为虚拟内存,但这个空间不是越大越好,硬盘的速度远低于内存,设置不当反而拖慢系统的速度。

阿里云的主机默认没有swap分区,可以使用free命令查看。

  1. 使用dd命令创建一个swap分区: dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/swap bs=1024 count=1048576 (count的值是:size(多少M)* 1024,我这里设置的1G虚拟内存,也就是count=1024000)

  2. 格式化swap分区: mkswap /home/swap

  3. 把格式化后的文件分区设置为swap分区: swapon /home/swap (关闭SWAP分区命令为:[root@localhost Desktop]#swapoff /home/swap)

  4. swap分区自动挂载:vi /etc/fstab 在文件末尾加上"/home/swap swap swap default 0 0"

安装Oracle所需的依赖包

yum -y install  gcc gcc-c++ make binutils compat-libstdc++-33 glibc glibc-devel libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel unixODBC unixODBC-devel sysstat ksh

创建用户和组

groupadd -g 200 oinstall  #添加oinstall组,组的id为200

groupadd -g 201 dba #添加dba组,组的id为201

useradd -u 440 -g oinstall -G dba oracle #添加用户oracle,并specified它的id为440.

passwd oracle #输入oracle用户的密码

id oracle #查看用户id和所属组。

关闭SELINUX(阿里云缺省关闭)

vim /etc/selinux/config   #编辑配置文件,关闭SELINUX

setenforce 0 #立即关闭SELINUX

开始安装

使用“su - u oracle”切换到oracle账号下

把下面两个文件上传到CentOS7-64bits服务器的/app/oracle目录下(我比较喜欢把软件安装在/app下)

linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip和linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip

unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

在/app/oracle目录下会出现database目录。

vim /app/oracle/database/response/db_install.rsp

修改db_install.rsp文件

oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0

oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY

ORACLE_HOSTNAME=可以写本机地址

UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall

INVENTORY_LOCATION=/app/oracle/oraInventory

SELECTED_LANGUAGES=zh_CN,en

ORACLE_HOME=/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1

ORACLE_BASE=/app/oracle

oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE

oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false

oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba

oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=512

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle2018

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.enableEmailNotification=false

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false

DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

安装Oracle

oracle账号登陆,在/app/oracle/database路径下执行开始安装

./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /app/oracle/database/response/db_install.rsp

安装成功之后会出现如下:

The following configuration scripts need to be executed as the "root" user. 

#!/bin/sh

#Root scripts to run

/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh

To execute the configuration scripts:

1. Open a terminal window

2. Log in as "root"

3. Run the scripts

4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue

Successfully Setup Software.

按照提示以root身份登录CentOS7系统执行如下命令

/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh

以oracle身份登录CentOS7系统,设置环境变量

vi ~/.bash_profile

export PATH

export ORACLE_BASE=/app/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1

export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

export ORACLE_SID=orcl

export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin

使用下面命令使环境变量生效:source ~/.bash_profile

为了使sqlplus能够访问远程oracle数据库,不但要配置“TNS_ADMIN”环境变量,还需要环境变量指向的地址(我这里是/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/)中放入tnsnames.ora文件

下面是我tnsnames.ora的内容,其中orcl是数据库名字。

localoracle =  

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 127.0.0.1)(PORT = 1521))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

)

)

建库

确认并修改/app/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp,其中修改的都是CREATEDATABASE操作的内容,其他的不动。

RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"

OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"

[CREATEDATABASE]

GDBNAME = "orcl"

SID = "orcl"

CHARACTERSET="AL32UTF8"

用oracle账号调用下面的命令

dbca -silent -responseFile /app/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp

#执行结束后需要输入2次oracle设置的密码

验证Oracle安装是否成功:

su - u oracle

sqlplus "/as sysdba"

select * from tabs;

如果成功运行,表示oracle已经启来,否则需要运行“startup”命令启动oracle.

添加listener.ora文件

位置:/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin

文件内容

# copyright (c) 1997 by the Oracle Corporation

#

# NAME

# listener.ora

# FUNCTION

# Network Listener startup parameter file example

# NOTES

# This file contains all the parameters for listener.ora,

# and could be used to configure the listener by uncommenting

# and changing values. Multiple listeners can be configured

# in one listener.ora, so listener.ora parameters take the form

# of SID_LIST_<lsnr>, where <lsnr> is the name of the listener

# this parameter refers to. All parameters and values are

# case-insensitive.

# <lsnr>

# This parameter specifies both the name of the listener, and

# it listening address(es). Other parameters for this listener

# us this name in place of <lsnr>. When not specified,

# the name for <lsnr> defaults to "LISTENER", with the default

# address value as shown below.

#

# LISTENER =

# (ADDRESS_LIST=

# (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521))

# (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=PNPKEY)))

LISTENER=(DESCRIPTION_LIST=(DESCRIPTION=

(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521))

)

)

# SID_LIST_<lsnr>

# List of services the listener knows about and can connect

# clients to. There is no default. See the Net8 Administrator's

# Guide for more information.

#

# SID_LIST_LISTENER=

# (SID_LIST=

# (SID_DESC=

# #BEQUEATH CONFIG

# (GLOBAL_DBNAME=salesdb.mycompany)

# (SID_NAME=sid1)

# (ORACLE_HOME=/private/app/oracle/product/8.0.3)

# #PRESPAWN CONFIG

# (PRESPAWN_MAX=20)

# (PRESPAWN_LIST=

# (PRESPAWN_DESC=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(POOL_SIZE=2)(TIMEOUT=1))

# )

# )

# )

SID_LIST_LISTENER=

(SID_LIST=

(SID_DESC=

(GLOBAL_DBNAME=orcl)

(SID_NAME=orcl)

(ORACLE_HOME=/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)

(PRESPAWN_MAX=20)

(PRESPAWN_LIST=

(PRESPAWN_DESC=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(POOL_SIZE=2)(TIMEOUT=1))

)

)

)

# PASSWORDS_<lsnr>

# Specifies a password to authenticate stopping the listener.

# Both encrypted and plain-text values can be set. Encrypted passwords

# can be set and stored using lsnrctl.

# LSNRCTL> change_password

# Will prompt for old and new passwords, and use encryption both

# to match the old password and to set the new one.

# LSNRCTL> set password

# Will prompt for the new password, for authentication with

# the listener. The password must be set before running the next

# command.

# LSNRCTL> save_config

# Will save the changed password to listener.ora. These last two

# steps are not necessary if SAVE_CONFIG_ON_STOP_<lsnr> is ON.

# See below.

#

# Default: NONE

#

# PASSWORDS_LISTENER = 20A22647832FB454 # "foobar"

# SAVE_CONFIG_ON_STOP_<lsnr>

# Tells the listener to save configuration changes to listener.ora when

# it shuts down. Changed parameter values will be written to the file,

# while preserving formatting and comments.

# Default: OFF

# Values: ON/OFF

#

# SAVE_CONFIG_ON_STOP_LISTENER = ON

# USE_PLUG_AND_PLAY_<lsnr>

# Tells the listener to contact an Onames server and register itself

# and its services with Onames.

# Values: ON/OFF

# Default: OFF

#

# USE_PLUG_AND_PLAY_LISTENER = ON

# LOG_FILE_<lsnr>

# Sets the name of the listener's log file. The .log extension

# is added automatically.

# Default=<lsnr>

#

# LOG_FILE_LISTENER = lsnr

# LOG_DIRECTORY_<lsnr>

# Sets the directory for the listener's log file.

# Default: <oracle_home>/network/log

#

# LOG_DIRECTORY_LISTENER = /private/app/oracle/product/8.0.3/network/log

# TRACE_LEVEL_<lsnr>

# Specifies desired tracing level.

# Default: OFF

# Values: OFF/USER/ADMIN/SUPPORT/0-16

#

# TRACE_LEVEL_LISTENER = SUPPORT

# TRACE_FILE_<lsnr>

# Sets the name of the listener's trace file. The .trc extension

# is added automatically.

# Default: <lsnr>

#

# TRACE_FILE_LISTENER = lsnr

# TRACE_DIRECTORY_<lsnr>

# Sets the directory for the listener's trace file.

# Default: <oracle_home>/network/trace

#

# TRACE_DIRECTORY_LISTENER=/private/app/oracle/product/8.0.3/network/trace

# CONNECT_TIMEOUT_<lsnr>

# Sets the number of seconds that the listener waits to get a

# valid database query after it has been started.

# Default: 10

#

# CONNECT_TIMEOUT_LISTENER=10

使用lsnrctl start命令启动侦听器

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