GROUPBY中的WITHCUBE、WITHROLLUP原理测试及GROUPING应用
前几天,看到一个群友用WITH ROLLUP运算符。由于自个儿没用过,看到概念及结果都云里雾里的,所以突然来了兴趣对生成结果测了一番。
一、概念:
WITH CUBE:生成的结果集显示了所选列中值的所有组合的聚合。
WITH ROLLUP:生成的结果集显示了所选列中值的某一层次结构的聚合。
GROUPING:当行由 WITH CUBE或WITH ROLLUP运算符添加时,该函数将导致附加列的输出值为 1;当行不由 CUBE 或 ROLLUP 运算符添加时,该函数将导致附加列的输出值为 0。仅在与包含 CUBE 或 ROLLUP 运算符的 GROUP BY 子句相关联的选择列表中才允许分组。
二、测试:
1、建立临时表
CREATETABLE #T0(
[GRADE][VARCHAR](50) NULL, --年级[CLASS][VARCHAR](50) NULL, --班级
[NAME][VARCHAR](50) NULL, --姓名
[COURSE][VARCHAR](50) NULL, --学科
[RESULT][NUMERIC](8,2) NULL--成绩
)
CREATETABLE #T1
(
[ID][INT]IDENTITY(1,1) NOTNULL, --序号
[GRADE][VARCHAR](50) NULL, --年级
[CLASS][VARCHAR](50) NULL, --班级
[NAME][VARCHAR](50) NULL, --姓名
[COURSE][VARCHAR](50) NULL, --学科
[RESULT][NUMERIC](8,2) NULL--成绩
)
CREATETABLE #T2
(
[ID][INT]IDENTITY(1,1) NOTNULL, --序号
[GRADE][VARCHAR](50) NULL, --年级
[CLASS][VARCHAR](50) NULL, --班级
[NAME][VARCHAR](50) NULL, --姓名
[COURSE][VARCHAR](50) NULL, --学科
[RESULT][NUMERIC](8,2) NULL--成绩
)
2、插入测试数据
INSERTINTO #T0 (GRADE,CLASS,NAME,COURSE,RESULT)SELECT"2019","CLASS1","9A01","C#",100UNION
SELECT"2019","CLASS1","9A02","C#",100
UNION
SELECT"2019","CLASS2","9B01","C#",100
UNION
SELECT"2019","CLASS2","9B02","C#",100
UNION
SELECT"2018","CLASS1","8A01","JAVA",100
UNION
SELECT"2018","CLASS1","8A02","JAVA",100
UNION
SELECT"2018","CLASS2","8B01","JAVA",100
UNION
SELECT"2018","CLASS2","8B02","JAVA",100
查询T0表结果:
3、GROUP BY
抛砖引玉,看看常用的GROUP BY排序:默认以SELECT字段顺序(GRADE->CLASS->NAME->COURSE)进行排序,以下两种查询结果是一样的。
SELECT GRADE,CLASS,NAME,COURSE,SUM(RESULT) RESULTFROM #T0GROUPBY GRADE,CLASS,NAME,COURSESELECT GRADE,CLASS,NAME,COURSE,SUM(RESULT) RESULTFROM #T0GROUPBY GRADE,CLASS,NAME,COURSEORDERBY GRADE,CLASS,NAME,COURSE
4、WITH CUBE
原理1:以GROUP BY字段依次赋以NULL值进行分组聚合。
原理2:第1个字段(即GRADE字段)生成结果:除原始数据外,以第1个字段固定赋以NULL值,然后其它字段依次赋以NULL值进行分组聚合,结果由右往左进行排序。
下面开始测第1个字段的结果是怎么来的:
INSERTINTO #T1 (GRADE,CLASS,NAME,COURSE,RESULT)SELECT GRADE,CLASS,NAME,COURSE,SUM(RESULT) RESULT FROM #T0 GROUPBY GRADE,CLASS,NAME,COURSEINSERTINTO #T1 (GRADE,CLASS,NAME,COURSE,RESULT)SELECT"ZZ" GRADE,CLASS,NAME,COURSE,SUM(RESULT) RESULT FROM #T0 GROUPBY CLASS,NAME,COURSEINSERTINTO #T1 (GRADE,CLASS,NAME,COURSE,RESULT)SELECT"ZZ" GRADE,"ZZ" CLASS,NAME,COURSE,SUM(RESULT) RESULT FROM #T0 GROUPBY NAME,COURSEINSERTINTO #T1 (GRADE,CLASS,NAME,COURSE,RESULT)SELECT"ZZ" GRADE,"ZZ" CLASS,"ZZ" NAME,COURSE,SUM(RESULT) RESULT FROM #T0 GROUPBY COURSEINSERTINTO #T1 (GRADE,CLASS,NAME,COURSE,RESULT)SELECT"ZZ" GRADE,"ZZ" CLASS,"ZZ" NAME,"ZZ" COURSE,SUM(RESULT) RESULT FROM #T0--第1个字段结果排序由右往左INSERTINTO #T2 (GRADE,CLASS,NAME,COURSE,RESULT)
SELECT GRADE,CLASS,NAME,COURSE,RESULT FROM #T1 WHERE ID BETWEEN1AND27ORDERBY COURSE,NAME,CLASS,GRADE
UPDATE #T2 SET GRADE=NULLWHERE GRADE="ZZ"
UPDATE #T2 SET CLASS=NULLWHERE CLASS="ZZ"
UPDATE #T2 SET NAME=NULLWHERE NAME="ZZ"
UPDATE #T2 SET COURSE=NULLWHERE COURSE="ZZ"
WITH CUBE的结果:
SELECT GRADE,CLASS,NAME,COURSE,SUM(RESULT) RESULTFROM #T0GROUPBY GRADE,CLASS,NAME,COURSEWITH CUBE
自已测试的结果:
SELECT*FROM #T2
结果与上面一致。
其它字段优先跟哪个字段组合、最终怎样排序?呃,测过,没搞清楚……
5、WITH ROLLUP
原理1:除原始数据外,以GROUP BY最后1个字段(即COURSE字段)固定赋以NULL值,然后其它字段依次赋以NULL值进行分组聚合,结果由左往右进行排序。
这个跟WITH CUBE的第1个字段非常相象:一个是第1个字段,一个是最后1个字段;一个结果是由右往左排序,一个结果是由左往右排序。
下面开始测结果是怎么来的:
TRUNCATETABLE #T1TRUNCATETABLE #T2INSERTINTO #T1 (GRADE,CLASS,NAME,COURSE,RESULT)SELECT GRADE,CLASS,NAME,COURSE,SUM(RESULT) RESULT FROM #T0 GROUPBY GRADE,CLASS,NAME,COURSEINSERTINTO #T1 (GRADE,CLASS,NAME,COURSE,RESULT)SELECT GRADE,CLASS,NAME,"ZZ" COURSE,SUM(RESULT) RESULT FROM #T0 WHERENOTEXISTS (SELECT1FROM #T1 WHERE GRADE=#T0.GRADE AND CLASS=#T0.GRADE AND NAME=#T0.NAME AND COURSE="ZZ")GROUPBY GRADE,CLASS,NAMEINSERTINTO #T1 (GRADE,CLASS,NAME,COURSE,RESULT)SELECT GRADE,CLASS,"ZZ" NAME,"ZZ" COURSE,SUM(RESULT) RESULT FROM #T0 WHERENOTEXISTS (SELECT1FROM #T1 WHERE GRADE=#T0.GRADE AND CLASS=#T0.CLASS AND NAME="ZZ"AND COURSE="ZZ")GROUPBY GRADE,CLASSINSERTINTO #T1 (GRADE,CLASS,NAME,COURSE,RESULT)SELECT GRADE,"ZZ" CLASS,"ZZ" NAME,"ZZ" COURSE,SUM(RESULT) RESULT FROM #T0 WHERENOTEXISTS (SELECT1FROM #T1 WHERE GRADE=#T0.GRADE AND CLASS="ZZ"AND NAME="ZZ"AND COURSE="ZZ")GROUPBY GRADEINSERTINTO #T1 (GRADE,CLASS,NAME,COURSE,RESULT)SELECT"ZZ" GRADE,"ZZ" CLASS,"ZZ" NAME,"ZZ" COURSE,SUM(RESULT) RESULT FROM #T0 --结果排序由左往右INSERTINTO #T2 (GRADE,CLASS,NAME,COURSE,RESULT)
SELECT GRADE,CLASS,NAME,COURSE,RESULT FROM #T1 ORDERBY GRADE,CLASS,NAME,COURSE
UPDATE #T2 SET GRADE=NULLWHERE GRADE="ZZ"
UPDATE #T2 SET CLASS=NULLWHERE CLASS="ZZ"
UPDATE #T2 SET NAME=NULLWHERE NAME="ZZ"
UPDATE #T2 SET COURSE=NULLWHERE COURSE="ZZ"
WITH ROLLUP的结果:
SELECT GRADE,CLASS,NAME,COURSE,SUM(RESULT) RESULTFROM #T0GROUPBY GRADE,CLASS,NAME,COURSEWITH ROLLUP
自己测试的结果:
SELECT*FROM #T2
结果与上面一致。
6、GROUPING
这个就比较容易理解了,WITH CUBE与WITH ROLLUP用法一样,先看结果:
SELECT GRADE,CLASS,NAME,COURSE,SUM(RESULT) RESULT,GROUPING(COURSE) [GROUPING]FROM #T0
GROUPBY GRADE,CLASS,NAME,COURSE
WITH ROLLUP
上面GROUPING的是COURSE字段,有NULL值就是WITH ROLLUP额外添加的,GROUPING结果值为1。
有了GROUPING,那做小计、总计就方便了。
SELECTGRADE,
CASEWHENGROUPING(GRADE)=1ANDGROUPING(CLASS)=1THEN"总计"WHENGROUPING(GRADE)=0ANDGROUPING(CLASS)=1THEN"小计"ELSE CLASS END CLASS,NAME,COURSE,
SUM(RESULT) RESULTFROM #T0GROUPBY GRADE,CLASS,NAME,COURSEWITH ROLLUP
好了,原理测试及应用就到这里结束了。
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