Django笔记

  • Z时代
  • 2024-01-10
  • 分类：综合

python

配置 jinja2

修改模板名

TEMPLATES: 
    "BACKEND": "django.template.backends.jinja2.Jinja2"

注释掉admin (jinja2没有admin)

# "django.contrib.admin",
# path("admin/", admin.site.urls),

创建Jinja2环境配置函数

from jinja2 import Environment
from django.contrib.staticfiles.storage import staticfiles_storage
from django.urls import reverse
def jinja2_environment(**options):
    """创建 jinja2 环境对象"""
    env = Environment(**options)
    env.globals.update({
        "static": staticfiles_storage.url,
        "url": reverse,
    })
    return env

导入jinja2的配置

TEMPLATES 
    "environment": "woniumall.utils.jinja2_env.jinja2_environment"

配置session,cookie的有效期

# 没有记住用户：浏览器会话结束就过期
request.session.set_expiry(0)
# 记住用户：None表示两周后过期
request.session.set_expiry(None)
# 设置cookie 为关闭浏览器则有效期结束
response.set_cookie("username", user.username)
# 登录时用户名写入到cookie，有效期14天
response.set_cookie("username", user.username, max_age=3600 * 24 * 14)

配置reverse

全局的urls

re_path(r"^", include(("areas.urls", "areas")))

局部的urls

re_path(r"^addresses/$", views.AddressView.as_view(), name="address"),
re_path(r"^aaa",views.Aa.as_view())

view

class AddressView(LoginRequiredMixin, View):
    def get(self, request):
        return render(request, "user_center_site.html")
class Aa(View):
    def get(self, request):
        # return redirect("/addresses/")
        return redirect(reverse("areas:address"))

authenticate 多用户登录(用户名,手机号)

配置认证后端

# settings/dev.py
AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS = ["django.contrib.auth.backends.ModelBackend", "users.auth_backend.MobilePasswordBackend"]

创建自定义认证后端

# auth_backend.py
class MobilePasswordBackend(BaseBackend):
    def authenticate(self, request, **kwargs):
        mobile = kwargs.get("username")
        password = kwargs.get("password")
        if not re.match(r"^1[3-9]d{9}$", mobile):
            return
        try:
            # 通过手机号查询数据库
            user = UserModel.objects.get(mobile=mobile)
        except UserModel.DoesNotExist:
            return
        if user.check_password(password):
            return user
    def get_user(self, user_id):
        try:
            user = UserModel.objects.get(pk=user_id)
        except UserModel.DoesNotExist:
            return None
        return user

运行流程

1 加载 dev.py
2 触发 users.views.LoginView
    user = authenticate(username=username, password=password)
3 循环 _get_backends(return_tuples=True) # 到AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS里面去循环,默认有一个(ModelBackend)
4 先到 django.contrib.auth.backends.ModelBackend里, 用username到数据库里找
5 没有找到, 返回循环 _get_backends(return_tuples=True)
6 再到 users.auth_backend.MobilePasswordBackend里, 用mobile在数据里找

实现状态保持(login)

在认证用户(authenticate)时,会自动配置认证后端(backend),再实现状态保持(login)时,认证后端(backend)会自动绑定再用户身上;
如果没有进行认证用户(authenticate)时,用户身上则没有认证后端(backend),则要实现状态保持(login)时,就要手动绑定认证后端(backend)

跨域问题(二选一)

1. 再返回时设置response的请求头
   response = render(request, "register.html")
   response["Access-Control-Allow-Origin"] = "*"
   return response
2. 可以再配置文件配置跨域
    a) pip install django-core-header
    b) INSTALLED_APPS 里面添加 corsheaders 
    c) MIDDLEWARE 里面添加 corsheaders.middleware.CorsMiddleware,django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware
    d) CORS_ORIGIN_ALLOW_ALL = True, CORS_ALLOW_CREDENTIALS = True
    e) 配置允许访问的连接 CORS_ORIGIN_WHITELIST = ("http://127.0.0.1:8080", "http://localhost:8080", "http://www.meiduo.site:8080",)
    f) 配置访问方式 CORS_ALLOW_METHODS = ("DELETE","GET","OPTIONS","PATCH","POST","PUT","VIEW",)
    g) 配置允许访问的请求头
    CORS_ALLOW_HEADERS = (
        "XMLHttpRequest",
        "X_FILENAME",
        "accept-encoding",
        "authorization",
        "content-type",
        "dnt",
        "origin",
        "user-agent",
        "x-csrftoken",
        "x-requested-with",
        "Pragma",
    )

cookie无妨传递

// 是否允许携带cookie
axios.withCredentials = true;
axios.defaults.withCredentials = true
// 若127.0.0.1:8000可以而www.meiduo.site:8000不可以
则是因为前端的host被设置为 127.0.0.1:8000,修改前端的host

以上是 Django笔记 的全部内容， 来源链接： utcz.com/z/530215.html

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