使用python获取天气接口给指定微信好友发天气预报[Python基础]

python

先看下效果图:

用到的模块:

  • PyMySQL
  • requests
  • threading
  • wxpy

要实现上面的示例,首先是有两大块地方

  • 获取天气信息
  • 通过微信将天气信息发送出去

而获取天气信息又包括几个小的需要注意的地方

  • 获取天气信息

    • 获取天气信息的接口
    • 获取天气信息的城市
    • 获取所在城市的城市码

假如我们给多个人发送天气情况,这几个人来自不同的城市,那么我们不可能每次都要输入城市名,然后查找城市码,然后再访问接口,获取天气情况,这样会非常的麻烦,所以我们需要考虑将城市名跟城市码一一对应起来,说到一一对应,首先想到的数据结构便是字典,所以我们可以将这些信息存入一个字典里,然后持久化到一个文件中,这样便方便很多

首先我们获取最新的 city 表,这个表是一个 list 类型,大体格式如下:

[

{

"id": 1,

"pid": 0,

"city_code": "101010100",

"city_name": "北京",

"post_code": "100000",

"area_code": "010",

"ctime": "2019-07-11 17:30:06"

},

{

"id": 2,

"pid": 0,

"city_code": "",

"city_name": "安徽",

"post_code": null,

"area_code": null,

"ctime": null

}

]

我们就简单的粘贴复制,放到一个空的列表中,如下所示,将所有的城市信息放到列表 citycode 中

citycode = [

{

"id": 1,

"pid": 0,

"city_code": "101010100",

"city_name": "北京",

"post_code": "100000",

"area_code": "010",

"ctime": "2019-07-11 17:30:06"

},

...

...

...

...

...

...

{

"id": 2,

"pid": 0,

"city_code": "None",

"city_name": "安徽",

"post_code": "null",

"area_code": "null",

"ctime": "null"

}

]

cityinfo = {}

#将城市名和城市代码写入json文件中

with open("city_for_code.json","w",encoding="utf-8") as f:

for i in citycode:

name = i["city_name"]

code = i["city_code"]

cityinfo[name] = code

f.write(str(cityinfo))

#测试是否能读取

with open("city_for_code.json","r+",encoding="utf-8") as file:

data_dst = file.readlines()

d = eval(data_dst[0])

然后就是一顿处理,只把我们所需的 city_name 和 city_code 这俩字段取出即可,随后写入文件中。如果读取的话就按照上面方法去读取,需要注意的是,使用 open()方法读取文件,得到的内容是一个列表,我们需要通过 eval()方法转化成 dict 类型。

这是把 city_name 和 city_code 放到一个文件中的方法,另外我们也可以放到数据库中,这里以 MySQL 为例,安装 PyMySQL 模块

import pymysql

db_parames = {

"host": "localhost",

"user": "root",

"password": "123456",

"database": "city_code_info"

}

#连接数据库

conn = pymysql.connect(**db_parames)

#创建游标对象,增删改查都在游标上进行

cursor = conn.cursor()

#表存在,就删除

cursor.execute("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS city_code")

#建表语句

create_table_sql = """CREATE TABLE `city_code` (

`city_name` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,

`city_code` varchar(25) DEFAULT NULL

) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;

"""

#建表

cursor.execute(create_table_sql)

#插入数据

with open("city_for_code.json","r+",encoding="utf-8") as f:

origin_data = f.readlines()

current_data = eval(origin_data[0]) #读取的内容是一个列表,且只包含一个元素

#print(current_data.get("北京","Not Exists."))

for name, code in current_data.items():

sql = """INSERT INTO city_code(city_name, city_code) VALUES ("%s", "%s")""" % (name, code)

try:

cursor.execute(sql)

except:

conn.rollback()

conn.commit()

conn.close()

执行这个 python 程序就可以将文件中的城市名跟城市码存到库中,当然我们也可以直接获取到城市名和城市码,然后跳过文件持久化这一步,直接把这两个字段取出存进去,但是考虑着代码要多练多写,就多此一举了一下。

下面是输入城市名就能得到城市码的代码块:

import pymysql

def get_city_code(city_name):

db_parames = {

"host": "localhost",

"user": "root",

"password": "123456",

"database": "city_code_info"

}

#连接数据库

conn = pymysql.connect(**db_parames)

#创建游标对象,增删改查都在游标上进行

cursor = conn.cursor()

#创建查询语句

select_sql = "SELECT * FROM city_code where city_name="%s""%(city_name)

try:

cursor.execute(select_sql)

result = cursor.fetchall()

for row in result:

city_code = row[1]

return city_code

except:

return "Error: unable fetch data!"

然后是根据输入的城市码来获取天气情况:

import requests

def get_weather(city_name,get_date_time=3):

city_code = get_city_code(city_name)

url = "http://t.weather.sojson.com/api/weather/city/%s"%(city_code)

header = {

"user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36"

}

response = requests.get(url,header)

response.encoding = "utf-8"

weather = response.json()

day = {1: "明天", 2: "后天", 3: "大后天"}

weather_lst = []

for num in range(get_date_time):

City = weather["cityInfo"]["city"]

Weatherganmao = weather["data"]["ganmao"]

Weatherquality = weather["data"]["quality"]

Weathershidu = weather["data"]["shidu"]

Weatherwendu = weather["data"]["wendu"]

Weatherpm25 = str(weather["data"]["pm25"])

Weatherpm10 = str(weather["data"]["pm10"])

Dateymd = weather["data"]["forecast"][num]["ymd"]

Dateweek = weather["data"]["forecast"][num]["week"]

Sunrise = weather["data"]["forecast"][num]["sunrise"]

Sunset = weather["data"]["forecast"][num]["sunset"]

Windfx = weather["data"]["forecast"][num]["fx"]

Windf1 = weather["data"]["forecast"][num]["fl"]

Weathertype = weather["data"]["forecast"][num]["type"]

Weathernotice = weather["data"]["forecast"][num]["notice"]

Weatherhigh = weather["data"]["forecast"][num]["high"]

Weatherlow = weather["data"]["forecast"][num]["low"]

if num == 0:

result = "今日天气预报" + "

"

+ "日期: " + Dateymd + " " + Dateweek + " " + City + "

"

+ "天气: " + Weathertype + " " + Windfx + " " + Windf1 + " " + Weathernotice + "

"

+ "当前温度: " + Weatherwendu + "℃" + "

"

+ "空气湿度: " + Weathershidu + "

"

+ "温度范围: " + Weatherlow + "" + "~" + "" + Weatherhigh + "

"

+ "污染指数: " + "PM2.5: " + Weatherpm25 + " " + "PM10: " + Weatherpm10 + "

"

+ "空气质量: " + Weatherquality + "

"

+ "日出时间: " + Sunrise + "

"

+ "日落时间: " + Sunset + "

"

+ "温馨提示: " + Weatherganmao

else:

which_day = day.get(num,"超出范围")

result = "

" + which_day + " " + "天气预报" + "

"

+ "日期: " + Dateymd + " " + Dateweek + " " + City + "

"

+ "天气: " + Weathertype + " " + Windfx + " " + Windf1 + " " + Weathernotice + "

"

+ "温度范围: " + Weatherlow + "" + "~" + "" + Weatherhigh + "

"

+ "日出时间: " + Sunrise + "

"

+ "日落时间: " + Sunset + "

"

+ "温馨提示: " + Weatherganmao

weather_lst.append(result)

weather_str = "" #因为默认要输出三天的天气情况,所以我们需要创建一个空字符串,然后每迭代一次,就将天气情况拼接到空字符串中。

for msg in weather_lst:

weather_str += msg + "

"

return weather_str

下面是发送微信消息

from wxpy import *

def send_wx(city_name, who):

bot = Bot(cache_path=True)

#bot = Bot(console_qr=2, cache_path="botoo.pkl")

my_friend = bot.friends().search(who)[0]

msg = get_weather(city_name)

try:

my_friend.send(msg)

except:

my_friend = bot.friends().search("fei")[0]

my_friend.send(u"发送失败")

然后我们还需要写一个定时器,每隔一段时间便要发送一次

from threading import Timer

def auto_send():

city_name = "设置要发送的城市"

friend_list = ["要发送的人"]

for who in friend_list:

send_wx(city_name,who)

global timer

timer = Timer(1,auto_send)

timer.start()

最后执行程序

if __name__ == "__main__":

timer = Timer(1,auto_send)

timer.start()

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