写一个Python小游戏——四连环（重力四子棋）
新手学习Python，写第一个Python小游戏——四连环（重力四子棋）
游戏规则如下：
棋盘为8*6
玩家输入列号与电脑下四子棋，棋会随着重力下降
胜利方式是一行/一列/左右斜线连四颗棋子
分析：
拆分成了这几个部分，用自定义函数封装，便于修改：
·初始化
·棋盘显示
·玩家输入
·游戏运行
·判断胜利
引用库：random
第一部分：初始化
def init():global board#棋盘，二维列表
global rest_num#每一列剩余棋子数，一维整型列表
global a#先手判定，整型
global reminded_line#未被填满列的记录，一维整型列表
global symbol0#执棋方记录1，字典
global symbol1#执棋方记录2，字典
symbol1 = {
"O": "玩家",
"X": "电脑"
}
symbol0 = {
"X": "玩家",
"O": "电脑"
}
a = random.randint(0,2)
reminded_line = [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
board = [["-"] * 8 for i in range(6)]
rest_num = [6 for i in range(8)]
show(board)
这里初始化定义了一些之后用得到的变量
第二部分：棋盘显示
def show(board):for i in range(6):
for j in range(8):
print(board[i][j],end=" ")
print()
用索引下标的方式遍历棋盘并打印
第三部分：玩家输入
def playerInput(rest_num):while True:
inp = int(input()) - 1#注意：列表起始于list[0]
if inp in range(0,8):#符合8列
if rest_num[inp] > 0:#该列有空余
return inp
else:
print("输入错误")
else:
print("输入错误")
输入用While True循环，直到输入正确
要判定输入的列号是否在1-8列内，且该列有空余！
第四部分：运行
先后手问题在主函数内用 if 判断初始化内全局变量a来执行不同顺序
四子棋的前三个回合不会分出胜负，因此拆分成前三个回合和剩余回合
这里可以算多此一举吧，前三次只是少了判断胜负
用 round3_0、round4_0 和 round3_1、round4_1 区分
游戏运行使用for次数循环，胜利提前结束即可
def round3_0():round_cout = 0#回合计数
for i in range(3):
round_cout += 1#回合+1
print("
===回合数"+str(round_cout)+"===")
print("
电脑")#常规的面板绘制
#电脑下棋的列号
#这里用从列表随机是为了不会出现该列已满无法下棋的情况
robot_line = random.sample(reminded_line,1)[0]
#电脑下棋的行号，记得要-1
#因为重力下落，这里行号就是空余数量-1
robot_height = rest_num[robot_line] - 1
#电脑下棋
board[robot_height][robot_line] = "O"
#该列剩余-1
rest_num[robot_line] -= 1
show(board)#显示棋盘
print("
轮到你了：")
player_line = playerInput(rest_num)
player_height = rest_num[player_line] - 1
board[player_height][player_line] = "X"
rest_num[player_line] -= 1
show(board)
def round3_1():#同上，只是先后手顺序改变
round_cout = 0
for i in range(3):
round_cout += 1
print("
===回合数"+str(round_cout)+"===")
print("
轮到你了：")
player_line = playerInput(rest_num)
player_height = rest_num[player_line] - 1
board[player_height][player_line] = "O"
rest_num[player_line] -= 1
show(board)
print("
电脑")
robot_line = random.sample(reminded_line,1)[0]
robot_height = rest_num[robot_line] - 1
board[robot_height][robot_line] = "X"
rest_num[robot_line] -= 1
show(board)
def round4_0():
round_cout = 3#回合计数
for i in range(3,24):#共48个棋子，24个回合
round_cout += 1
print("
===回合数"+str(round_cout)+"===")
print("
电脑")
robot_line = random.sample(reminded_line,1)[0]
robot_height = rest_num[robot_line] - 1
board[robot_height][robot_line] = "O"
rest_num[robot_line] -= 1
#如果该列已满，则在剩余列编号列表中移除，排除随机到该列
if rest_num[robot_line] == 0:
reminded_line.remove(robot_line)
show(board)
#！胜负判定！
IsWinning(board,"O",symbol0)
print("
轮到你了：")
player_line = playerInput(rest_num)
player_height = rest_num[player_line] - 1
board[player_height][player_line] = "X"
rest_num[player_line] -= 1
if rest_num[robot_line] == 0:
reminded_line.remove(robot_line)
show(board)
IsWinning(board, "X", symbol0)
print("平局！")#最后分不出胜负就是平局
def round4_1():
round_cout = 3
for i in range(3, 24):
round_cout += 1
print("
===回合数"+str(round_cout)+"===")
print("
轮到你了：")
player_line = playerInput(rest_num)
player_height = rest_num[player_line] - 1
board[player_height][player_line] = "O"
rest_num[player_line] -= 1
if rest_num[player_line] == 0:
reminded_line.remove(player_line)
show(board)
IsWinning(board, "O", symbol1)
print("
电脑")
robot_line = random.sample(reminded_line,1)[0]
robot_height = rest_num[robot_line] - 1
board[robot_height][robot_line] = "X"
rest_num[robot_line] -= 1
if rest_num[robot_line] == 0:
reminded_line.remove(robot_line)
show(board)
IsWinning(board, "X", symbol1)
print("平局！")
第五部分：胜利判断
详细解释判定条件
胜利有四种情况：横4、竖4、左斜4、右斜4
因此继续封装成两种形式：直线、斜线进行判定
因为左斜和右斜是关于棋盘左右对称的
这里board_s就是对称棋盘
用 [::-1] 进行倒序
传入三个参数：棋盘、棋子类型（X/O）、执棋方记录
def IsWinning(board,chess_type,symbol):rowIsWinning(board,chess_type,symbol)
leftSlashIsWinning(board,chess_type,symbol)
board_s = []
for i in board:
board_s.append(i[::-1])#左右对称
leftSlashIsWinning(board_s, chess_type, symbol)
========
直线判定：
def rowIsWinning(board,chess_type,symbol):#竖4
for line_no in range(8):
for height_no in range(3):
if board[height_no][line_no] ==
board[height_no + 1][line_no] ==
board[height_no + 2][line_no] ==
board[height_no + 3][line_no] ==
chess_type:
print("
游戏结束!获胜的是：" + symbol[chess_type])
exit(0)
#横4
for height_no in range(6):
for line_no in range(5):
if board[height_no][line_no] ==
board[height_no][line_no + 1] ==
board[height_no][line_no + 2] ==
board[height_no][line_no + 3] ==
chess_type:
print("
游戏结束!获胜的是：" + symbol[chess_type])
exit(0)
首先下标索引遍历每一列
然后在每一列判定是否包含4个相同棋子
每一列得到前三行的棋子，之后再通过列下标不变，行下标递增获得四个棋子的坐标
横4的判断同理
========
难点
斜线判定：
斜线分左斜和右斜，左右是对称的，因此只用一种方法而将另一种判定换成将棋盘对称的操作
棋盘也是关于对角线可以对称的，也可以左右 + 对角线对称，从而转换成一种判定方式（棋盘左对角线左方左斜的情况），对棋盘操作统统化成一种
以下以左斜线判定为例子：
蓝色部分无法构成斜线，无需考虑
斜线有一个重要性质：坐标行号列号均相差正整数
因此只需要表示出下方绿色区域的棋子坐标就可以表示所有斜线：
（还有一种特殊情况）
只要循环表示出绿色区域内的坐标 通过行列递增即可表示斜线：
对于左上区域的坐标可以发现：
行号是1-3，而列号是1 ~ 行号
对于右下区域：
行号是4-6，列号是（行号+2） ~ 8
因此可以使用嵌套for循环表示
def leftSlashIsWinning(board,chess_type,symbol):#表示左上绿色部分
for init_height in range(3):
for init_line in range(init_height + 1):
if board[init_height][init_line] ==
board[init_height + 1][init_line + 1] ==
board[init_height + 2][init_line + 2] ==
board[init_height + 3][init_line + 3] ==
chess_type:
print("
游戏结束!获胜的是：" + symbol[chess_type])
exit(0)
#表示右下绿色部分
for init_height in range(3,6):
for init_line in range(init_height+2,8):
if board[init_height][init_line] ==
board[init_height - 1][init_line - 1] ==
board[init_height - 2][init_line - 2] ==
board[init_height - 3][init_line - 3] ==
chess_type:
print("
游戏结束!获胜的是：" + symbol[chess_type])
exit(0)
#中间特殊情况
for init_height in range(3):
init_line = init_height +1
if board[init_height][init_line] ==
board[init_height + 1][init_line + 1] ==
board[init_height + 2][init_line + 2] ==
board[init_height + 3][init_line + 3] ==
chess_type:
print("
游戏结束!获胜的是：" + symbol[chess_type])
exit(0)
完整代码：
import randomdef init():
global board
global rest_num
global a
global reminded_line
global symbol0
global symbol1
symbol1 = {
"O": "玩家",
"X": "电脑"
}
symbol0 = {
"X": "玩家",
"O": "电脑"
}
a = random.randint(0,2)
reminded_line = [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
board = [["-"] * 8 for i in range(6)]
rest_num = [6 for i in range(8)]
show(board)
def show(board):
for i in range(6):
for j in range(8):
print(board[i][j],end=" ")
print()
def IsWinning(board,chess_type,symbol):
rowIsWinning(board,chess_type,symbol)
leftSlashIsWinning(board,chess_type,symbol)
board_s = []
for i in board:
board_s.append(i[::-1])
leftSlashIsWinning(board_s, chess_type, symbol)
def rowIsWinning(board,chess_type,symbol):
for line_no in range(8):
for height_no in range(3):
if board[height_no][line_no] ==
board[height_no + 1][line_no] ==
board[height_no + 2][line_no] ==
board[height_no + 3][line_no] ==
chess_type:
print("
游戏结束!获胜的是：" + symbol[chess_type])
exit(0)
for height_no in range(6):
for line_no in range(5):
if board[height_no][line_no] ==
board[height_no][line_no + 1] ==
board[height_no][line_no + 2] ==
board[height_no][line_no + 3] ==
chess_type:
print("
游戏结束!获胜的是：" + symbol[chess_type])
exit(0)
def leftSlashIsWinning(board,chess_type,symbol):
for init_height in range(3):
for init_line in range(init_height + 1):
if board[init_height][init_line] ==
board[init_height + 1][init_line + 1] ==
board[init_height + 2][init_line + 2] ==
board[init_height + 3][init_line + 3] ==
chess_type:
print("
游戏结束!获胜的是：" + symbol[chess_type])
exit(0)
for init_height in range(3,6):
for init_line in range(init_height+2,8):
if board[init_height][init_line] ==
board[init_height - 1][init_line - 1] ==
board[init_height - 2][init_line - 2] ==
board[init_height - 3][init_line - 3] ==
chess_type:
print("
游戏结束!获胜的是：" + symbol[chess_type])
exit(0)
for init_height in range(3):
init_line = init_height +1
if board[init_height][init_line] ==
board[init_height + 1][init_line + 1] ==
board[init_height + 2][init_line + 2] ==
board[init_height + 3][init_line + 3] ==
chess_type:
print("
游戏结束!获胜的是：" + symbol[chess_type])
exit(0)
def playerInput(rest_num):
while True:
inp = int(input()) - 1
if inp in range(0,8):
if rest_num[inp] > 0:
return inp
else:
print("输入错误")
else:
print("输入错误")
def round3_0():
round_cout = 0
for i in range(3):
round_cout += 1
print("
===回合数"+str(round_cout)+"===")
print("
电脑")
robot_line = random.sample(reminded_line,1)[0]
robot_height = rest_num[robot_line] - 1
board[robot_height][robot_line] = "O"
rest_num[robot_line] -= 1
show(board)
print("
轮到你了：")
player_line = playerInput(rest_num)
player_height = rest_num[player_line] - 1
board[player_height][player_line] = "X"
rest_num[player_line] -= 1
show(board)
def round3_1():
round_cout = 0
for i in range(3):
round_cout += 1
print("
===回合数"+str(round_cout)+"===")
print("
轮到你了：")
player_line = playerInput(rest_num)
player_height = rest_num[player_line] - 1
board[player_height][player_line] = "O"
rest_num[player_line] -= 1
show(board)
print("
电脑")
robot_line = random.sample(reminded_line,1)[0]
robot_height = rest_num[robot_line] - 1
board[robot_height][robot_line] = "X"
rest_num[robot_line] -= 1
show(board)
def round4_0():
round_cout = 3
for i in range(3,24):
round_cout += 1
print("
===回合数"+str(round_cout)+"===")
print("
电脑")
robot_line = random.sample(reminded_line,1)[0]
robot_height = rest_num[robot_line] - 1
board[robot_height][robot_line] = "O"
rest_num[robot_line] -= 1
if rest_num[robot_line] == 0:
reminded_line.remove(robot_line)
show(board)
IsWinning(board,"O",symbol0)
print("
轮到你了：")
player_line = playerInput(rest_num)
player_height = rest_num[player_line] - 1
board[player_height][player_line] = "X"
rest_num[player_line] -= 1
if rest_num[robot_line] == 0:
reminded_line.remove(robot_line)
show(board)
IsWinning(board, "X", symbol0)
print("平局！")
def round4_1():
round_cout = 3
for i in range(3, 24):
round_cout += 1
print("
===回合数"+str(round_cout)+"===")
print("
轮到你了：")
player_line = playerInput(rest_num)
player_height = rest_num[player_line] - 1
board[player_height][player_line] = "O"
rest_num[player_line] -= 1
if rest_num[player_line] == 0:
reminded_line.remove(player_line)
show(board)
IsWinning(board, "O", symbol1)
print("
电脑")
robot_line = random.sample(reminded_line,1)[0]
robot_height = rest_num[robot_line] - 1
board[robot_height][robot_line] = "X"
rest_num[robot_line] -= 1
if rest_num[robot_line] == 0:
reminded_line.remove(robot_line)
show(board)
IsWinning(board, "X", symbol1)
print("平局！")
#程序入口
if __name__ == "__main__":
init()
if a == 1:
round3_1()
round4_1()
else:
round3_0()
round4_0()
游戏截图：
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