Django中的元类

python

Django(1.6)的Form相关源代码时比较迷惑,于是节选了django.forms.forms.py中的几个代码片段来分析Django中是怎么使用元类的:

def with_metaclass(meta, *bases):

    """Create a base class with a metaclass."""

    return meta("NewBase", bases, {})

class DeclarativeFieldsMetaclass(type):

    def __new__(cls, name, bases, attrs):

        print('cls: %s, name: %s, bases: %s ,attrs: %s

' % (cls, name, bases, attrs))

        new_class = super(DeclarativeFieldsMetaclass, cls).__new__(cls, name, bases, attrs)

#        new_class._meta = '123'

        return new_class

class BaseForm(object):

    pass

class Form(with_metaclass(DeclarativeFieldsMetaclass, BaseForm)):

    pass

    

class MyForm(Form):

    a = 1

    b = 2

 加载上面的Python模块,控制台会输出:

cls: <class '__main__.DeclarativeFieldsMetaclass'>, name: NewBase, bases: (<class '__main__.BaseForm'>,), attrs: {}

cls: <class '__main__.DeclarativeFieldsMetaclass'>, name: Form, bases: (<class '__main__.NewBase'>,), attrs: {'__module__': '__main__'}

cls: <class '__main__.DeclarativeFieldsMetaclass'>, name: MyForm, bases: (<class '__main__.Form'>,), attrs: {'a': 1, '__module__': '__main__', 'b': 2}

 

    虽然没有直接在代码中为MyForm指定metaclass,但由于MyForm继承自Form,而Form继承自DeclarativeFieldsMetaclass生成的类名为"NewBase"的类,所以DeclarativeFieldsMetaclass实际上就是MyForm的metaclass。


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