从零部署.NetCoreAPI到Linux下

编程

从零部署.NetCore到Linux

购买Ubuntu服务器

  1. 购买服务器

  2. 创建root用户,设置密码

    # 创建root用户

    sudo passwd root

    # 输入两次密码

  3. 启动ssh

    系统默认是关闭的,需要打开下。

安装Nginx

如何在 Ubuntu 20.04 上安装 Nginx

sudo命令解释

​ sudo是linux系统管理指令,是允许系统管理员让普通用户执行一些或者全部的root命令的一个工具,如halt,reboot,su等等。这样不仅减少了root用户的登录 和管理时间,同样也提高了安全性。sudo不是对shell的一个代替,它是面向每个命令的。

apt命令详解

​ apt的全称是Advanced Packaging Tool是Linux系统下的一款安装包管理工具。

Nginx在默认的Ubuntu源仓库中可用。想要安装它,运行下面的命令:

sudo apt update

sudo apt install nginx

一旦安装完成,Nginx会自动启动。你可以运行下面的命令来验证它:

sudo systemctl status nginx

安装docker

Ubuntu Docker 安装

安装命令如下:

curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com | bash -s docker --mirror Aliyun

创建docker镜像并运行容器

  1. 编写.NET Core Api 代码

  2. 编写Dockerfile文件

    #See https://aka.ms/containerfastmode to understand how Visual Studio uses this Dockerfile to build your images for faster debugging.

    FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/aspnet:6.0 AS base

    WORKDIR /app

    EXPOSE 80

    EXPOSE 443

    FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/sdk:6.0 AS build

    WORKDIR /src

    COPY ["twgdh.test.csproj", "."]

    RUN dotnet restore "./twgdh.test.csproj"

    COPY . .

    WORKDIR "/src/."

    RUN dotnet build "twgdh.test.csproj" -c Release -o /app/build

    FROM build AS publish

    RUN dotnet publish "twgdh.test.csproj" -c Release -o /app/publish

    FROM base AS final

    WORKDIR /app

    COPY --from=publish /app/publish .

    ENTRYPOINT ["dotnet", "twgdh.test.dll"]

  3. 将代码和Dockerfile文件Copy到服务器。

    利用ssh传输文件

    Copy后服务器目录结构如下:

    root@VM-16-9-ubuntu:/home/root/twgdh.test/twgdh.test# tree

    .

    ├── appsettings.Development.json

    ├── appsettings.json

    ├── Controllers

    │   └── WeatherForecastController.cs

    ├── Dockerfile

    ├── Program.cs

    ├── Properties

    │   └── launchSettings.json

    ├── twgdh.test.csproj

    ├── twgdh.test.csproj.user

    ├── twgdh.test.sln

    └── WeatherForecast.cs

  4. 构建镜像

    docker build -t twgdh.test .  # 注意最后有个点,表示当前目录

  5. 运行容器

    docker run -d --name twgdh.test1.0 -p 8080:80 twgdh.test

  6. 测试容器是否正常运行

    root@VM-16-9-ubuntu:~# curl -i "http://127.0.0.1:8080/WeatherForecast"

    HTTP/1.1 200 OK

    Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8

    Date: Fri, 29 Apr 2022 08:04:36 GMT

    Server: Kestrel

    Transfer-Encoding: chunked

    [{"date":"2022-04-30T08:04:37.1916863+00:00","temperatureC":44,"temperatureF":111,"summary":"Balmy"},{"date":"2022-05-01T08:04:37.1926873+00:00","temperatureC":-1,"temperatureF":31,"summary":"Warm"},{"date":"2022-05-02T08:04:37.1926914+00:00","temperatureC":1,"temperatureF":33,"summary":"Sweltering"},{"date":"2022-05-03T08:04:37.1926916+00:00","temperatureC":5,"temperatureF":40,"summary":"Cool"},{"date":"2022-05-04T08:04:37.1926918+00:00","temperatureC":45,"temperatureF":112,"summary":"Bracing"}]

将域名指向服务器

​ 修改域名的解析信息。

配置Nginx请求转发

  1. 修改/etc/nginx/nginx.conf文件

    ....

    events {

    ...

    }

    http {

    ....

    server {

    listen 80; # 监听80端口

    server_name test.twgdh.com; # 监听的域名

    location / {

    proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080; # 转发到的地址

    }

    }

    .....

    }

  2. 重新加载nginx配置文件

    nginx -s reload

测试使用域名访问容器中的网站

root@VM-16-9-ubuntu:~# curl -i "http://test.twgdh.com/WeatherForecast"

HTTP/1.1 200 OK

Server: nginx/1.18.0 (Ubuntu)

Date: Fri, 29 Apr 2022 08:52:02 GMT

Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8

Transfer-Encoding: chunked

Connection: keep-alive

[{"date":"2022-04-30T08:52:02.8364462+00:00","temperatureC":-12,"temperatureF":11,"summary":"Mild"},{"date":"2022-05-01T08:52:02.8364555+00:00","temperatureC":45,"temperatureF":112,"summary":"Hot"},{"date":"2022-05-02T08:52:02.836456+00:00","temperatureC":31,"temperatureF":87,"summary":"Cool"},{"date":"2022-05-03T08:52:02.8364562+00:00","temperatureC":29,"temperatureF":84,"summary":"Sweltering"},{"date":"2022-05-04T08:52:02.8364564+00:00","temperatureC":9,"temperatureF":48,"summary":"Mild"}]

将站点配置为Https

nginx/1.18.0进行SSL证书配置

在Nginx(或Tengine)服务器上安装证书

  1. 下载nginx证书

  2. 上传证书文件到服务器

    C:UsersOliver-PC>scp -r C:UsersOliver-PCDesktopTempNginx证书5715401_test.twgdh.com_nginx root@test.twgdh.com:/etc/nginx/certificate

    root@test.twgdh.com"s password:

    5715401_test.twgdh.com.key 100% 1675 34.7KB/s 00:00

    5715401_test.twgdh.com.pem 100% 3801 55.9KB/s 00:00

  3. 修改nginx.conf 配置

    .....

    events {

    .......

    }

    http {

    .........

    server {

    listen 80;

    server_name test.twgdh.com;

    location / {

    proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080;

    }

    }

    ##

    # SSL Settings

    ##

    server {

    listen 443 ssl;

    server_name test.twgdh.com;

    ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/certificate/5715401_test.twgdh.com_nginx/5715401_test.twgdh.com.pem;

    ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/certificate/5715401_test.twgdh.com_nginx/5715401_test.twgdh.com.key;

    ssl_session_timeout 5m;

    ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;

    ssl_ciphers ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5:!RC4:!DHE;

    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

    location / {

    proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080;

    }

    }

    .................

    }

  4. 重新加载nginx配置文件

    nginx -s reload

  5. 测试访问

--至此大功告成--

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