Harbor介绍与企业级私有Docker镜像仓库搭建

编程

 

Harbor介绍与安装部署,并实现通过http和https协议【自签发SSL证书】访问,客户端如何通过Harbor镜像仓库实现镜像的上传【推送】与下载【拉取】。

 

Harbor介绍

Harbor,是一个英文单词,意思是港湾,港湾是干什么的呢,就是停放货物的,而货物呢,是装在集装箱中的,说到集装箱,就不得不提到Docker容器,因为docker容器的技术正是借鉴了集装箱的原理。所以,Harbor正是一个用于存储Docker镜像的企业级Registry服务。

Docker容器应用的开发和运行离不开可靠的镜像管理,虽然Docker官方也提供了公共的镜像仓库,但是从安全和效率等方面考虑,部署我们私有环境内的Registry也是非常必要的。Harbor是由VMware公司开源的企业级的Docker Registry管理项目,它包括权限管理(RBAC)、LDAP、日志审核、管理界面、自我注册、镜像复制和中文支持等功能。

 

机器规划

服务器名称(hostname)操作系统版本内网IP外网IP(模拟)安装软件

docker01

CentOS7.7

172.16.1.31

10.0.0.31

docker、Harbor

docker02

CentOS7.7

172.16.1.32

10.0.0.32

docker

 

SSL证书创建

如果要使用https访问Harbor。那么请按照如下生成SSL证书。

创建根证书

1## 创建CA私钥

2 openssl genrsa -out ca.key 2048

3## 制作CA公钥

4 openssl req -new -x509 -days 36500 -key ca.key -out ca.crt -subj "/C=CN/ST=BJ/L=BeiJing/O=BTC/OU=MOST/CN=zhang/emailAddress=ca@test.com"

选项参数说明:

genrsa 生成私钥

-out filename 标准输出到filename文件

req 生成证书请求

-new 生成新证书签署请求

-x509 专用于CA生成自签证书;不自签的时候不要加该选项

-days num 证书的有效期限

-key file 生成请求时用到的私钥文件

-out filename 标准输出到filename文件

subj内容详解:

1 C             = 国家

2 ST = 省/

3 L = 城市

4 O = Organization Name

5 OU = Organizational Unit Name

6 CN = Common Name

7 emailAddress = test@email.address

 

证书签发

1## 创建私钥

2 openssl genrsa -out httpd.key 1024

3## 生成签发请求

4 openssl req -new -key httpd.key -out httpd.csr -subj "/C=CN/ST=BJ/L=BeiJing/O=BTC/OU=OPS/CN=zhang/emailAddress=zhang@test.com"

5## 使用CA证书进行签发

6 openssl x509 -req -sha256 -in httpd.csr -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key -CAcreateserial -days 36500 -out httpd.crt

7## 验证签发证书是否有效

8 openssl verify -CAfile ca.crt httpd.crt

 

生成结果如下图:

然后将httpd.key和httpd.crt,放到/etc/harbor/cert/目录下,后面会用到。

 

安装docker-ce">安装docker-ce

安装脚本如下

 1 [root@docker01 harbor]# pwd

2 /root/harbor

3 [root@docker01 harbor]# cat install_docker-ce.sh

4 #!/bin/sh

5

6# 加载环境变量

7 . /etc/profile

8 . /etc/bashrc

9

10 ## 设置 docker yum repository

11yuminstall -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2

12yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

13

14## 安装docker

15yuminstall -y docker-ce

16 # yuminstall -y docker-ce-19.03.8

17

18 ## 启动docker服务,这样可以创建/etc/docker目录

19systemctl start docker

20

21## 配置daemon

22 ## 1、修改docker Cgroup Driver为systemd;2、日志格式设定

23## 如果不修改,可能会碰到如下错误

24 ## [WARNING IsDockerSystemdCheck]: detected "cgroupfs" as the Docker cgroup driver. The recommended driver is "systemd".

25 ## Please follow the guide at https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/cri/

26cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF

27{

28"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],

29"log-driver": "json-file",

30"log-opts": {

31"max-size": "100m"

32 }

33}

34EOF

35

36## 开机自启动

37 systemctl stop docker && systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker

 

安装docker-compose

下载地址:

https://github.com/docker/compose

 

此次,我们使用的是 1.25.5 版本。

 

 1[root@docker01 harbor]# ll

2 total 17180

3 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 17586312 May 1223:16 docker-compose-Linux-x86_64

4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 958 May 1223:00 install_docker-ce.sh

5 [root@docker01 harbor]# chmod +x docker-compose-Linux-x86_64 # 添加执行权限

6 [root@docker01 harbor]# mv docker-compose-Linux-x86_64 /usr/local/sbin/docker-compose # 移到指定目录

7 [root@docker01 harbor]# docker-compose version # 版本查看

8 docker-compose version 1.25.5, build 8a1c60f6

9 docker-py version: 4.1.0

10 CPython version: 3.7.5

11 OpenSSL version: OpenSSL 1.1.0l10 Sep 2019

 

安装Harbor私有仓库

官网下载地址

https://github.com/goharbor/harbor

 

此次,我们使用的是 v1.10.1 版本。

 

 1[root@docker01 harbor]# ll

2 total 658284

3 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 674078519 May 1217:25 harbor-offline-installer-v1.10.1.tgz

4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 958 May 1223:00 install_docker-ce.sh

5[root@docker01 harbor]#

6 [root@docker01 harbor]# tar xf harbor-offline-installer-v1.10.1.tgz # 解压包

7 [root@docker01 harbor]# cd harbor/

8[root@docker01 harbor]# ll

9 total 662120

10 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3398 Feb 1014:18 common.sh

11 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 677974489 Feb 1014:19 harbor.v1.10.1.tar.gz

12 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5882 Feb 1014:18 harbor.yml

13 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2284 Feb 1014:18install.sh

14 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11347 Feb 1014:18 LICENSE

15 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1749 Feb 1014:18 prepare

 

harbor.yml配置文件修改内容【http访问】

 1# 这里的hostname怎么配置

2 # 1、如果所有机器都在一个局域网,那么配置内网IP

3 # 2、如果机器跨网络,只能通过公网访问,那么配置本机外网IP或域名

4hostname: 172.16.1.31

5

6# http端口改为了5000,默认80端口

7http:

8 # port for http, default is 80. If https enabled, this port will redirect to https port

9 port: 5000

10

11# 将https注释掉,不然会报 ERROR:root:Error: The protocol is https but attribute ssl_cert is not set

12# https related config

13#https:

14 # https port for harbor, default is 443

15 #port: 443

16 # The path of cert and key files for nginx

17 #certificate: /your/certificate/path

18 #private_key: /your/private/key/path

19

20# admin用户的免密

21harbor_admin_password: Harbor12345

22

23# 数据存储路径

24 data_volume: /data

 

harbor.yml配置文件修改内容【https访问】

放开了https配置,本次证书是自签发的。

 1# 这里的hostname怎么配置

2 # 1、如果所有机器都在一个局域网,那么配置内网IP

3 # 2、如果机器跨网络,只能通过公网访问,那么配置本机外网IP或域名

4hostname: 172.16.1.31

5

6# http端口改为了5000,默认80端口

7http:

8 # port for http, default is 80. If https enabled, this port will redirect to https port

9 port: 5000

10

11# https related config

12https:

13 # https port for harbor, default is 443

14 port: 443

15 # The path of cert and key files for nginx

16 certificate: /etc/harbor/cert/httpd.crt

17 private_key: /etc/harbor/cert/httpd.key

18

19# admin用户的免密

20harbor_admin_password: Harbor12345

21

22# 数据存储路径

23 data_volume: /data

如果使用了https协议且端口是443,那么当使用http访问时,会自动跳转到https。

部署Harbor

修改完配置文件后,在的当前目录执行./install.sh,Harbor服务就会根据当前目录下的docker-compose.yml开始下载依赖的镜像,检测并按照顺序依次启动。

 1[root@docker01 harbor]# ll

2 total 662120

3 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 20 May 1223:47 common

4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3398 Feb 1014:18 common.sh

5 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 677974489 Feb 1014:19 harbor.v1.10.1.tar.gz

6 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5921 May 1223:54 harbor.yml

7 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 24 May 1223:47 input

8 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2284 Feb 1014:18install.sh

9 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11347 Feb 1014:18 LICENSE

10 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1749 Feb 1014:18 prepare

11[root@docker01 harbor]#

12 [root@docker01 harbor]# ./install.sh # 启动harbor

 

启动结果如下图

 

停止与启动Harbor

如果修改了Harbor的配置文件harbor.yml,因为Harbor是基于docker-compose服务编排的,我们可以使用docker-compose命令重启Harbor。

未修改配置文件,重启Harbor命令:docker-compose start | stop | restart

当然个人建议:如果修改了harbor.yml文件,那么停止使用docker-compose down,启动使用 ./install.sh 。

 1##### 停止Harbor

2 [root@docker01 harbor]# docker-compose down

3 Stopping harbor-jobservice ... done

4 Stopping nginx ... done

5 Stopping harbor-core ... done

6 Stopping registryctl ... done

7 Stopping redis ... done

8 Stopping harbor-portal ... done

9 Stopping harbor-db ... done

10 Stopping registry ... done

11 Stopping harbor-log ... done

12 Removing harbor-jobservice ... done

13 Removing nginx ... done

14 Removing harbor-core ... done

15 Removing registryctl ... done

16 Removing redis ... done

17 Removing harbor-portal ... done

18 Removing harbor-db ... done

19 Removing registry ... done

20 Removing harbor-log ... done

21Removing network harbor_harbor

22##### 启动Harbor

23 [root@docker01 harbor]# docker-compose up -d

24 Creating network "harbor_harbor" with the default driver

25 Creating harbor-log ... done

26 Creating registryctl ... done

27 Creating harbor-db ... done

28 Creating redis ... done

29 Creating registry ... done

30 Creating harbor-portal ... done

31 Creating harbor-core ... done

32 Creating nginx ... done

33 Creating harbor-jobservice ... done

 

镜像信息和容器信息

镜像信息和容器信息如下

[root@docker01 ~]# docker images 

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE

goharbor/chartmuseum-photon v0.9.0-v1.10.1 0245d66323de 3 months ago 128MB

goharbor/harbor-migrator v1.10.1 a4f99495e0b0 3 months ago 364MB

goharbor/redis-photon v1.10.1 550a58b0a311 3 months ago 111MB

goharbor/clair-adapter-photon v1.0.1-v1.10.1 2ec99537693f 3 months ago 61.6MB

goharbor/clair-photon v2.1.1-v1.10.1 622624e16994 3 months ago 171MB

goharbor/notary-server-photon v0.6.1-v1.10.1 e4ff6d1f71f9 3 months ago 143MB

goharbor/notary-signer-photon v0.6.1-v1.10.1 d3aae2fc17c6 3 months ago 140MB

goharbor/harbor-registryctl v1.10.1 ddef86de6480 3 months ago 104MB

goharbor/registry-photon v2.7.1-patch-2819-2553-v1.10.1 1a0c5f22cfa7 3 months ago 86.5MB

goharbor/nginx-photon v1.10.1 01276d086ad6 3 months ago 44MB

goharbor/harbor-log v1.10.1 1f5c9ea164bf 3 months ago 82.3MB

goharbor/harbor-jobservice v1.10.1 689368d30108 3 months ago 143MB

goharbor/harbor-core v1.10.1 14151d58ac3f 3 months ago 130MB

goharbor/harbor-portal v1.10.1 8a9856c37798 3 months ago 52.1MB

goharbor/harbor-db v1.10.1 18548720d8ad 3 months ago 148MB

goharbor/prepare v1.10.1 897a4d535ced 3 months ago 192MB

[root@docker01 ~]# docker ps

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

6f57ce1d6a27 goharbor/nginx-photon:v1.10.1 "nginx -g "daemon of…" 29 seconds ago Up 28 seconds (health: starting) 0.0.0.0:5000->8080/tcp nginx

bd441d18ae54 goharbor/harbor-jobservice:v1.10.1 "/harbor/harbor_jobs…" 29 seconds ago Up 28 seconds (health: starting) harbor-jobservice

374fad48780e goharbor/harbor-core:v1.10.1 "/harbor/harbor_core" 30 seconds ago Up 29 seconds (health: starting) harbor-core

89f8f4312c24 goharbor/harbor-portal:v1.10.1 "nginx -g "daemon of…" 31 seconds ago Up 29 seconds (health: starting) 8080/tcp harbor-portal

4d0b294a38c4 goharbor/redis-photon:v1.10.1 "redis-server /etc/r…" 31 seconds ago Up 29 seconds (health: starting) 6379/tcp redis

cd9fafa019f5 goharbor/harbor-registryctl:v1.10.1 "/home/harbor/start.…" 31 seconds ago Up 29 seconds (health: starting) registryctl

a62616384f6c goharbor/registry-photon:v2.7.1-patch-2819-2553-v1.10.1 "/home/harbor/entryp…" 31 seconds ago Up 29 seconds (health: starting) 5000/tcp registry

dc453165b1fb goharbor/harbor-db:v1.10.1 "/docker-entrypoint.…" 31 seconds ago Up 29 seconds (health: starting) 5432/tcp harbor-db

8256f54e69ee goharbor/harbor-log:v1.10.1 "/bin/sh -c /usr/loc…" 31 seconds ago Up 30 seconds (healthy) 127.0.0.1:1514->10514/tcp harbor-log

  

浏览器访问

访问地址如下:

1 http 访问:http://10.0.0.31:5000/   或则  http://172.16.1.31:5000/

2 https访问:https://10.0.0.31/ 或者 https://172.16.1.31/

备注:

1、由于我使用的Vmware虚拟机,因此10.0.0.0/24网段【模拟外网】和172.16.1.0/24网络【内网】都可以访问。生产环境是访问内网还是外网,视具体情况而定。

2、这里的访问地址和harbor.yml中配置的hostname值无关。

 

 

登录后页面

 

Harbor实现Docker镜像上传与下载

新建项目

根据你的项目名新建项目,这样才能将镜像推动到harbor镜像中心。

 

 

客户端http设置

Docker 默认不允许非 HTTPS 方式推送镜像。我们可以通过 Docker 的配置选项来取消这个限制。

如果直接【上传】或【拉取】镜像会失败,因为默认为https方式。

所有客户端都需要添加这个配置,然后重启 docker 服务。

 

 1 [root@docker01 ~]# vim /etc/docker/daemon.json

2{

3"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],

4"log-driver": "json-file",

5"log-opts": {

6"max-size": "100m"

7 },

8"insecure-registries": ["172.16.1.31:5000"]

9}

10 [root@docker01 ~]# systemctl restart docker # 重启docker服务

 添加了 “insecure-registries”: [“172.16.1.31:5000”] 这行,其中172.16.1.31为内网IP地址。该文件必须符合 json 规范,否则 Docker 将不能启动。

如果在Harbor所在的机器重启了docker服务,记得要重新启动Harbor。

客户端登录Harbor

客户端登录Harbor。

# docker login172.16.1.31:5000 -u admin -p Harbor12345

 

查看登录信息,这样客户端就可以直接拉取或者推送镜像了。

 1 [root@docker01 ~]# cat ~/.docker/config.json 

2{

3"auths": {

4"172.16.1.31:5000": {

5"auth": "YWRtaW46SGFyYm9yMTIzNDU="

6 }

7 },

8"HttpHeaders": {

9"User-Agent": "Docker-Client/19.03.8 (linux)"

10 }

11 }

 

Docker push镜像上传

1 [root@docker02 ~]# docker images 

2REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE

3172.16.1.31:5000/zhang/nginx 1.17 ed21b7a8aee9 6 weeks ago 127MB

4 [root@docker02 ~]# docker push 172.16.1.31:5000/zhang/nginx:1.17 # 上传镜像

5 The push refers to repository [172.16.1.31:5000/zhang/nginx]

6d37eecb5b769: Pushed

799134ec7f247: Pushed

8c3a984abe8a8: Pushed

91.17: digest: sha256:7ac7819e1523911399b798309025935a9968b277d86d50e5255465d6592c0266 size: 948

说明:注意镜像名格式

 

Harbor页面信息

 

Docker pull镜像拉取

 1 [root@docker01 ~]# docker images | grep"zhang/nginx"

2 [root@docker01 ~]# docker pull 172.16.1.31:5000/zhang/nginx:1.17 # 镜像拉取

31.17: Pulling from zhang/nginx

4c499e6d256d6: Pull complete

574cda408e262: Pull complete

6ffadbd415ab7: Pull complete

7Digest: sha256:7ac7819e1523911399b798309025935a9968b277d86d50e5255465d6592c0266

8 Status: Downloaded newer image for172.16.1.31:5000/zhang/nginx:1.17

9172.16.1.31:5000/zhang/nginx:1.17

10 [root@docker01 ~]# docker images | grep"zhang/nginx"

11172.16.1.31:5000/zhang/nginx 1.17 ed21b7a8aee9 6 weeks ago 127MB

 

Harbor页面信息

 

 

完毕!


———END———
如果觉得不错就关注下呗 (-^O^-) !

 

原文链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/zhanglianghhh/archive/2020/06/29/13205786.html

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