kvmalloc函数

编程

你应该曾经纠结过是用kmalloc(),还是vmalloc()?现在你不用那么纠结了,因为内核里面现在有个API叫kvmalloc(),可以认为是kmalloc()和vmalloc()的双剑合一。屠龙刀和倚天剑的合体。

内核里面有大量的代码现在都使用了kvmalloc(),譬如:

source/ipc/msg.c

static int newque(struct ipc_namespace *ns, struct ipc_params *params)

{

struct msg_queue *msq;

int retval;

key_t key = params->key;

int msgflg = params->flg;

msq = kvmalloc(sizeof(*msq), GFP_KERNEL);

if (unlikely(!msq))

return -ENOMEM;

...

}

这个代码在早期的内核里面是(比如v4.0-rc7/source/ipc/msg.c):

static int newque(struct ipc_namespace *ns, struct ipc_params *params)

{

struct msg_queue *msq;

int id, retval;

key_t key = params->key;

int msgflg = params->flg;

msq = ipc_rcu_alloc(sizeof(*msq));

if (!msq)

return -ENOMEM;

...

}

看起来是用的这个函数申请内存:

ipc_rcu_alloc(sizeof(*msq))

那么这个ipc_rc_alloc()是怎么回事呢?

void *ipc_alloc(int size)

{

void *out;

if (size > PAGE_SIZE)

out = vmalloc(size);

else

out = kmalloc(size, GFP_KERNEL);

return out;

}

逻辑上是,大于一页的时候用vmalloc(),小于等于1页用kmalloc()。

而kvmalloc()的实现代码里面则对类似逻辑进行了非常智能地处理:

void *kvmalloc_node(size_t size, gfp_t flags, int node)

{

gfp_t kmalloc_flags = flags;

void *ret;

/*

* vmalloc uses GFP_KERNEL for some internal allocations (e.g page tables)

* so the given set of flags has to be compatible.

*/

if ((flags & GFP_KERNEL) != GFP_KERNEL)

return kmalloc_node(size, flags, node);

/*

* We want to attempt a large physically contiguous block first because

* it is less likely to fragment multiple larger blocks and therefore

* contribute to a long term fragmentation less than vmalloc fallback.

* However make sure that larger requests are not too disruptive - no

* OOM killer and no allocation failure warnings as we have a fallback.

*/

if (size > PAGE_SIZE) {

kmalloc_flags |= __GFP_NOWARN;

if (!(kmalloc_flags & __GFP_RETRY_MAYFAIL))

kmalloc_flags |= __GFP_NORETRY;

}

ret = kmalloc_node(size, kmalloc_flags, node);

/*

* It doesn"t really make sense to fallback to vmalloc for sub page

* requests

*/

if (ret || size <= PAGE_SIZE)

return ret;

return __vmalloc_node_flags_caller(size, node, flags,

__builtin_return_address(0));

}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(kvmalloc_node);

static inline void *kvmalloc(size_t size, gfp_t flags)

{

return kvmalloc_node(size, flags, NUMA_NO_NODE);

}

大于一个page的时候,会先用kmalloc()进行__GFP_NORETRY的尝试,如果尝试失败就fallback到vmalloc(NORETRY标记避免了kmalloc在申请内存失败地情况下,反复尝试甚至做OOM来获得内存)。

当然,kvmalloc()的size如果小于1个page,则沿用老的kmalloc()逻辑,而且也不会设置__GFP_NORETRY,如果反复尝试失败的话,也不会fallback到vmalloc(),因为vmalloc()申请小于1个page的内存是不合适的。

原文链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/linhaostudy/archive/2020/06/10/13088364.html

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