用python实现阿里云ecs和redis的创建与维护
最近在研究阿里云服务的ecs和云redis产品，通过开发文档了解到，可以通http请求调用api接口实现ecs和云redis等实例的创建、删除、启动、停止、查询、重启等，当然还有很多其它API接口，具体的根据业务需求来开发；话不多说，python具体实现如下:
ecs_client.py
#!/usr/bin/python# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
"""
调用阿里云ECS服务API，提供创建实例、删除实例、启动、停止、重启、查询信息等方法
"""
from src.common_request import get,setBaseUrlAndVersion
base_ces_url="https://ecs.aliyuncs.com/?"
def runInstances():
pJson = {
"Action": "RunInstances",
"RegionId": "cn-shanghai",
"ZoneId": "cn-shanghai-c",
"ImageId": "ubuntu_16_04_64_20G_alibase_20191112.vhd",
"InstanceName": "ecs_test",
"Description": "ecs_test",
"VSwitchId": "vsw-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx",
"InstanceType": "ecs.n1.tiny",
"SystemDisk.Size": "40",
"SystemDisk.Category": "cloud_ssd",# 磁盘类型组
"SecurityGroupId": "sg-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", # 网络计费类型
"InternetChargeType": "PayByTraffic",# 网络计费类型
"InstanceChargeType": "PostPaid",# 实例的付费方式
"Amount": "1",# 指定创建ECS实例的数量
}
return get(pJson)
"""
调用StopInstance停止一台运行中（Running）的ECS实例
https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/25501.html?spm=a2c4g.11186623.6.1189.247b4d2egbw3XU
"""
def stopInstance():
pJson = {
"Action": "StopInstance",
"InstanceId": "i-xxxxxxxxxxxxx",
"ForceStop": "true"
}
return get(pJson)
"""
调用StartInstance启动一台ECS实例，接口调用成功后实例进入启动中状态
https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/25500.html?spm=a2c4g.11186623.6.1187.16d81594mZpYtD
"""
def startInstance():
pJson = {
"Action": "StartInstance",
"InstanceId": "i-xxxxxxxxxxxxx"
}
return get(pJson)
"""
当一台ECS实例处于运行中（Running）状态时，调用RebootInstance可以重启这台实例。
https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/25502.html?spm=a2c4g.11186623.6.1188.27a28b40nci9hZ
"""
def rebootInstance():
pJson = {
"Action": "RebootInstance",
"InstanceId": "i-xxxxxxxxxxxxx",
"ForceStop": "true"
}
return get(pJson)
"""
调用DescribeInstances查询一台或多台ECS实例的详细信息
https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/25506.html?spm=a2c4g.11186623.6.1186.2d0f105fydmhuz
"""
def describeInstances():
pJson = {
"Action": "DescribeInstances",
"RegionId": "cn-shanghai",
"InstanceIds": ["i-xxxxxxxxxxxxx"]
}
return get(pJson)
"""
调用DeleteInstance释放一台按量付费实例或者到期的包年包月实例
https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/25507.html?spm=a2c4g.11186623.6.1191.3b3d7c25FnL6KI
"""
def deleteInstance():
pJson = {
"Action": "DeleteInstance",
"RegionId": "cn-shanghai",
"InstanceId": "i-xxxxxxxxxxxxx",
"Force": "true"
}
return get(pJson)
"""
执行入口
"""
if __name__ == "__main__":
setBaseUrlAndVersion(base_ces_url, "2014-05-26")
# runInstances()
# stopInstance()
# startInstance()
# rebootInstance()
# describeInstances()
deleteInstance()
redis_client.py
#!/usr/bin/python# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
"""
调用阿里云redis服务，提供创建实例、删除实例、网络切换、重启、查询信息等方法
"""
from src.common_request import get
"""
调用CreateInstance创建一个Redis实例
https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/60873.html?spm=a2c4g.11186623.6.795.198748f9Y55t5D
"""
def createInstance():
pJson = {
"Action": "CreateInstance",
"RegionId": "cn-shanghai",
"ZoneId": "cn-shanghai-a",
"Capacity": "1024",
"InstanceName": "redis_test",
"InstanceType": "Redis",
"EngineVersion": "4.0",
"AutoUseCoupon": "true"
}
return get(pJson)
"""
调用DeleteInstance释放Redis实例
https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/60898.html?spm=a2c4g.11186623.6.798.70752ca9409Jal
"""
def deleteInstance():
pJson = {
"Action": "DeleteInstance",
"InstanceId": "r-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"
}
return get(pJson)
"""
调用SwitchNetwork切换Redis实例的网络类型，支持从经典网络切换为VPC网络
https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/61005.html?spm=a2c4g.11186623.2.32.44297c0cZeSWtQ
"""
def switchNetwork():
pJson = {
"Action": "SwitchNetwork",
"InstanceId": "r-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx",
"TargetNetworkType": "VPC",
"VpcId": "vpc-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx",
"VSwitchId": "vsw-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"
}
return get(pJson)
"""
调用DescribeInstances查询一个或多个Redis实例的信息
https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/60933.html?spm=a2c4g.11186623.6.811.6ce02b35qvM5O8
"""
def describeInstances():
pJson = {
"Action": "DescribeInstances",
"InstanceId": "r-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"
}
return get(pJson)
"""
调用RestartInstance重启运行中的Redis实例
https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/116215.html?spm=a2c4g.11186623.6.821.40d5425fWcIgJP
"""
def restartInstance():
pJson = {
"Action": "RestartInstance",
"InstanceId": "r-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx",
"EffectiveTime": "0"
}
return get(pJson)
"""
执行入口
"""
if __name__ == "__main__":
# createInstance()
# deleteInstance()
# describeInstances()
# switchNetwork()
restartInstance()
common_request.py
#!/usr/bin/python# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
"""
对公共参数进行统一管理，公共请求参数是指每个接口都需要使用到的请求参数。
通过http向阿里云Redis服务调用实例API,
该脚本可以做为通用公共API请求方法，已实现签名机制，其它各类实例接口只需要传入API请求参数即可
注，需安装以下依赖库：
pip3 install requests
"""
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
import time
import urllib
import urllib.request
import sys
import hmac
import hashlib
import base64
import requests
# 示例：
# 有Signature参数
# http://r-kvstore.aliyuncs.com/?Timestamp=2013-06-01T10%3A33%3A56Z&Format=XML&AccessKeyId=testid&Action=DescribeInstances&SignatureMethod=HMAC-SHA1&RegionId=region1&SignatureNonce=NwDAxvLU6tFE0DVb&SignatureVersion=1.0&Version=2015-01-01&Signature=BIPOMlu8LXBeZtLQkJTw6iFvw1E%3D
base_ali_url = "http://r-kvstore.aliyuncs.com/?"
base_ali_version="2015-01-01"
accessKeySecret="accessKeySecret"
utcTime = datetime.now() - timedelta(hours=8) # UTC只是比北京时间提前了8个小时
commJson = {
"Format": "json",
"Version": base_ali_version,
"SignatureVersion": "1.0",
"AccessKeyId": "AccessKeyId",
"SignatureMethod": "HMAC-SHA1",
"Timestamp": urllib.request.quote(utcTime.strftime("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ")),# 注意：需要对utc时间字符串进行quote编码，后续还要再次用quote对所有参数编码，因此Timestamp实际是需要两次quote编码
"SignatureNonce": str(int(round(time.time() * 1000)))# 毫秒级时间戳
}
"""
更改base_ali_url和base_ali_version
"""
def setBaseUrlAndVersion(url, version = None):
global base_ali_url
global base_ali_version
base_ali_url=url
if version and len(version) >0:
base_ali_version=version
commJson["Version"]=base_ali_version
"""
将请求参数和公共参数组合并
"""
def dataAndCommToJson(values):
for k in list(values.keys()):
commJson[k]=values.get(k)
return commJson
"""
对请求参数进行排序，再组合成url地址参数name=1&value=2..
"""
def requestParam(values):
values = dataAndCommToJson(values)
_list = list(values.keys())
_list.sort()
query=""
for k in _list:
if isinstance(values.get(k),list):
query = query + "&" + k + "=" + urllib.request.quote(str(values.get(k))) # []数组需要通过quote转换编码
else:
query = query + "&" + k + "=" + values.get(k)
return query[1:len(query)]
"""
使用sha1加密算法，返回str加密后的字符串
"""
def hashStr(key, value):
hmacNew = hmac.new(key.encode(), value.encode(), hashlib.sha1).digest()
return base64.b64encode(hmacNew).decode()
"""
获取加密签名串
"""
def getStringToSign(query):
query=urllib.request.quote(query)
stringToSign= "GET&%2F&" + query
print("stringToSign="+stringToSign)
hmacStr = hashStr(accessKeySecret + "&", stringToSign) # 加密得到Signature值
hmacStr = urllib.request.quote(hmacStr)
sign = hmacStr.replace("/", "%2F") # 对字符“/”进行编码得到的值，即%2F，并进行替换
print("sign="+sign)
return sign
"""
发起http get请求
"""
def get(values):
print("request=", values)
data = requestParam(values)
signature = getStringToSign(data)
url = base_ali_url + data + "&Signature=" + signature
print("url="+url)
response = requests.get(url)
text = response.text
print("response="+text)
return text
"""
入口，测试数据
"""
if __name__ == "__main__":
print(sys.getdefaultencoding())
pJson = {
"Action": "CreateInstance",
"RegionId": "cn-shanghai",
"ZoneId": "cn-shanghai-a",
"Capacity": "1024",
"InstanceName": "redis_test",
"VpcId": "vpc-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx",
"InstanceType": "Redis",
"EngineVersion": "4.0",
"AutoUseCoupon": "true"}
print(pJson)
get(pJson)
不得不感慨，java的实现版本我也写了，对比 python语音，python的实现代码量，去掉注释，最多也就是2百行代码。而java的实现，从封装到解释，前前后后，差不多要3~5倍的代码量。python编程语言，真的是开发利器，短小精悍。
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