二进制安装MySQL数据库

  • Z时代
  • 2024-01-10
  • 分类：综合

编程

目录

  • 二进制安装MySQL数据库

    • 实验准备：

    • 准备阶段：

    • 实验阶段：

安装mysql数据库">
二进制安装MySQL数据库

实验准备：

  1. 一个干净的centos7系统（确认是没有安装过数据库的系统）

  2. 关闭防火墙和selinux

  3. 创建一个逻辑卷分区（因为数据库存放数据一般都是在上涨的普通的分区到达分区容量极限时没办法在扩充分区所以使用逻辑卷分区比较好）

  4. 从官方平台下载一个编译过的一个二进制程序包（官方包下载地址：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/）

准备阶段：

  1. 创建逻辑卷分区：

[root@centos7 ~]# df
Filesystem     1K-blocks     Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2      104806400  4233244 100573156   5% /
devtmpfs          998216        0    998216   0% /dev
tmpfs            1014056        0   1014056   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs            1014056    10452   1003604   2% /run
tmpfs            1014056        0   1014056   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sr0        10491772 10491772         0 100% /misc/cd
/dev/sda1        1038336   167036    871300  17% /boot
/dev/sda3       52403200    32992  52370208   1% /data
tmpfs             202812        0    202812   0% /run/user/0
tmpfs             202812       12    202800   1% /run/user/42
[root@centos7 ~]# umount /data    (确定这个分区没有需要的数据了取消挂载)

  • 改为逻辑卷标识

[root@centos7 ~]# fdisk /dev/sda  
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000a8280
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         2099200   211814399   104857600   83  Linux
/dev/sda3       211814400   316671999    52428800   83  Linux
/dev/sda4       316672000   419430399    51379200    5  Extended
/dev/sda5       316674048   325062655     4194304   82  Linux swap / Solaris
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-5, default 5): 3
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000a8280
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         2099200   211814399   104857600   83  Linux
/dev/sda3       211814400   316671999    52428800   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sda4       316672000   419430399    51379200    5  Extended
/dev/sda5       316674048   325062655     4194304   82  Linux swap / Solaris
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.

  • 使用partprobe同步一下分区

[root@centos7 ~]# lsblk 
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0  200G  0 disk 
├─sda1   8:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
├─sda2   8:2    0  100G  0 part /
├─sda3   8:3    0   50G  0 part 
├─sda4   8:4    0    1K  0 part 
└─sda5   8:5    0    4G  0 part [SWAP]
sr0     11:0    1   10G  0 rom  /misc/cd
[root@centos7 ~]# partprobe    
Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system).  /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only.

  • 更改为物理卷

[root@centos7 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda3
WARNING: xfs signature detected on /dev/sda3 at offset 0. Wipe it? [y/n]: y
  Wiping xfs signature on /dev/sda3.
  Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created.
[root@centos7 ~]# pvs
  PV         VG Fmt  Attr PSize  PFree 
  /dev/sda3     lvm2 ---  50.00g 50.00g

  • 把物理卷加为卷组并起个名字

[root@centos7 ~]# vgcreate vg_data /dev/sda3
  Volume group "vg_data" successfully created
[root@centos7 ~]# vgs
  VG      #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize   VFree  
  vg_data   1   0   0 wz--n- <50.00g <50.00g

  • 创建逻辑卷为MySQL并设定为40G空间（空行之后的都是示例防止你们设错空间忘了怎么删！）

[root@centos7 ~]# lvcreate -n mysql -L 40G  vg_data
  Logical volume "mysql" created.
[root@centos7 ~]# lvs
  LV    VG      Attr       LSize  Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  mysql vg_data -wi-a----- 40.00g                                                    
[root@centos7 ~]# lvremove /dev/vg_data/mysql 
Do you really want to remove active logical volume vg_data/mysql? [y/n]: y
  Logical volume "mysql" successfully removed
[root@centos7 ~]# lvcreate -n mysql -l 100%free  vg_data  （这里是把所有的剩余空间都设为逻辑卷）
  Logical volume "mysql" created.
[root@centos7 ~]# lvs
  LV    VG      Attr       LSize   Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  mysql vg_data -wi-a----- <50.00g

  • 格式化分区并创建文件系统

[root@centos7 ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/vg_data/mysql
meta-data=/dev/vg_data/mysql     isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=3276544 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0, sparse=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=13106176, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=6399, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

  • 挂载分区并永久保存（更改/data那一行）

[root@centos7 ~]# lsblk -f   (注意使用逻辑卷对应的UUID)
NAME              FSTYPE      LABEL           UUID                                   MOUNTPOINT
sda                                                                                  
├─sda1            xfs                         0f7c8887-58c8-4c16-98d4-32cf5635006a   /boot
├─sda2            xfs                         71131d8c-e6d0-4104-b270-dcb8d5ae959a   /
├─sda3            LVM2_member                 IRcHvr-fkfh-eutS-0de9-RGsJ-4pi3-mGKmJd 
│ └─vg_data-mysql xfs                         7d3d4b4d-66c1-43d7-8d33-9de94d6b812d   /mnt
├─sda4                                                                               
└─sda5            swap                        045c4250-e51f-4af0-a2f5-6c248700e1fb   [SWAP]
sr0               iso9660     CentOS 7 x86_64 2018-11-26-14-22-58-00                 /misc/cd
[root@centos7 ~]# vim /etc/fstab
UUID=7d3d4b4d-66c1-43d7-8d33-9de94d6b812d /data                   xfs     defaults        0 0
[root@centos7 ~]# mount -a  （重新读取配置文件进行挂载）
[root@centos7 ~]# lsblk 
NAME              MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda                 8:0    0  200G  0 disk 
├─sda1              8:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
├─sda2              8:2    0  100G  0 part /
├─sda3              8:3    0   50G  0 part 
│ └─vg_data-mysql 253:0    0   50G  0 lvm  /data
├─sda4              8:4    0    1K  0 part 
└─sda5              8:5    0    4G  0 part [SWAP]
sr0                11:0    1   10G  0 rom  /misc/cd

  1. 准备二进制程序包（我是从服务器传下来的没有的可以去官网下载，放在哪个目录都可以。）

[root@centos7 ~]# rz -E
rz waiting to receive.
[root@centos7 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  Downloads                                    Music     Templates
Desktop          initial-setup-ks.cfg                         Pictures  Videos
Documents        mariadb-10.2.29-linux-systemd-x86_64.tar.gz  Public

实验阶段：

  • 确认系统上没有数据库文件

[root@centos7 ~]# rpm -qa mariadb*

  • 创建文件夹和创建用户并让他有读、执行权限。

[root@centos7 ~]# mkdir /data/mysql
[root@centos7 ~]# useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin -d /data/mysql mysql
[root@centos7 ~]# ll /data
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Nov 19 16:12 mysql

  • 程序包解压到/usr/local/目录下

[root@centos7 ~]# tar xvf mariadb-10.2.29-linux-systemd-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

  • 更改用户和所属组(先把MariaDB目录做成软连接)

[root@centos7 ~]# ll /usr/local/
total 0
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   6 Apr 11  2018 bin
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   6 Apr 11  2018 etc
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   6 Apr 11  2018 games
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   6 Apr 11  2018 include
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   6 Apr 11  2018 lib
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   6 Apr 11  2018 lib64
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   6 Apr 11  2018 libexec
drwxrwxr-x  13 yang yang 294 Nov  8 01:21 mariadb-10.2.29-linux-systemd-x86_64
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   6 Apr 11  2018 sbin
drwxr-xr-x.  5 root root  49 Sep  5 16:17 share
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   6 Apr 11  2018 src
[root@centos7 local]# ln -s mariadb-10.2.29-linux-systemd-x86_64/ mysql
[root@centos7 local]# chown -R root.root mysql/
[root@centos7 local]# ll 
total 0
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   6 Apr 11  2018 bin
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   6 Apr 11  2018 etc
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   6 Apr 11  2018 games
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   6 Apr 11  2018 include
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   6 Apr 11  2018 lib
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   6 Apr 11  2018 lib64
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   6 Apr 11  2018 libexec
drwxrwxr-x  13 root root 294 Nov  8 01:21 mariadb-10.2.29-linux-systemd-x86_64
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root  37 Nov 19 16:22 mysql -> mariadb-10.2.29-linux-systemd-x86_64/
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   6 Apr 11  2018 sbin
drwxr-xr-x.  5 root root  49 Sep  5 16:17 share
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   6 Apr 11  2018 src

  • 查看二进制文件并把二进制文件目录加到PATH变量里以后使用方便不用写绝对路径

[root@centos7 local]# ls mysql/bin/
aria_chk                 mysqladmin                  mysqlshow
aria_dump_log            mysqlbinlog                 mysqlslap
aria_ftdump              mysqlcheck                  mysqltest
aria_pack                mysql_client_test           mysqltest_embedded
aria_read_log            mysql_client_test_embedded  mysql_tzinfo_to_sql
galera_new_cluster       mysql_config                mysql_upgrade
galera_recovery          mysql_convert_table_format  mysql_waitpid
garbd                    mysqld                      mytop
innochecksum             mysqld_multi                perror
mariabackup              mysqld_safe                 replace
mariadb_config           mysqld_safe_helper          resolveip
mariadb-service-convert  mysqldump                   resolve_stack_dump
mbstream                 mysqldumpslow               sst_dump
msql2mysql               mysql_embedded              tokuftdump
myisamchk                mysql_find_rows             tokuft_logprint
myisam_ftdump            mysql_fix_extensions        wsrep_sst_common
myisamlog                mysqlhotcopy                wsrep_sst_mariabackup
myisampack               mysqlimport                 wsrep_sst_mysqldump
my_print_defaults        mysql_ldb                   wsrep_sst_rsync
myrocks_hotbackup        mysql_plugin                wsrep_sst_rsync_wan
mysql                    mysql_secure_installation   wsrep_sst_xtrabackup
mysqlaccess              mysql_setpermission         wsrep_sst_xtrabackup-v2
[root@centos7 local]# echo 'PATh=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@centos7 local]# . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@centos7 support-files]# echo $PATH   （使用这个命令检查一下）
/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin

  • 准备配置文件（使用软件包里自带的配置文件稍加修改使用就可以了）

[root@centos7 local]# cd mysql/
[root@centos7 mysql]# ls
bin      data               include         man         README-wsrep  sql-bench
COPYING  docs               INSTALL-BINARY  mysql-test  scripts       support-files
CREDITS  EXCEPTIONS-CLIENT  lib             README.md   share         THIRDPARTY
[root@centos7 mysql]# ls support-files/  
binary-configure  my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf  my-small.cnf         mysql.server  wsrep.cnf
magic             my-large.cnf            mysqld_multi.server  policy        wsrep_notify
my-huge.cnf       my-medium.cnf           mysql-log-rotate     systemd
[root@centos7 mysql]# less support-files/my-huge.cnf  (查看一下文件选择一个合适的内存大小，这个是最大的 1G-2G) 
[root@centos7 mysql]# 
[root@centos7 mysql]# cp -b support-files/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp: overwrite ‘/etc/my.cnf’? y    （把这个文件拷贝到配置文件目录下并备份原有文件）
修改配置文件
[root@centos7 mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf
# The MySQL server
[mysqld]
datadir=/data/mysql   （加入这一行指定路径就可以了）

  • 使用软件包自带脚本生成数据库

[root@centos7 mysql]# cd scripts/
[root@centos7 scripts]# ls
mysql_install_db
[root@centos7 scripts]# pwd
/usr/local/mysql/scripts
这里要注意一下要是你要写相对路径必须在scripts目录下执行，要不就写成绝对路径。
[root@centos7 scripts]# /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/data/mysql --user=mysql
Installing MariaDB/MySQL system tables in '/data/mysql' ...
2019-11-19 16:41:29 140185403569984 [Warning] 'THREAD_CONCURRENCY' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
2019-11-19 16:41:29 140185402984192 [Warning] Failed to load slave replication state from table mysql.gtid_slave_pos: 1146: Table 'mysql.gtid_slave_pos' doesn't exist
OK
To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system
PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MariaDB root USER !
To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:
'/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin' -u root password 'new-password'
'/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin' -u root -h centos7.localdomain password 'new-password'
Alternatively you can run:
'/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation'
which will also give you the option of removing the test
databases and anonymous user created by default.  This is
spanly recommended for production servers.
See the MariaDB Knowledgebase at http://mariadb.com/kb or the
MySQL manual for more instructions.
You can start the MariaDB daemon with:
cd '/usr/local/mysql' ; /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir='/data/mysql'
You can test the MariaDB daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
cd '/usr/local/mysql/mysql-test' ; perl mysql-test-run.pl
Please report any problems at http://mariadb.org/jira
The latest information about MariaDB is available at http://mariadb.org/.
You can find additional information about the MySQL part at:
http://dev.mysql.com
Consider joining MariaDB's span and vibrant community:
https://mariadb.org/get-involved/
[root@centos7 scripts]# ll /data/mysql/    （查看数据库生成文件）
total 110660
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql    16384 Nov 19 16:41 aria_log.00000001
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql       52 Nov 19 16:41 aria_log_control
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      938 Nov 19 16:41 ib_buffer_pool
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 12582912 Nov 19 16:41 ibdata1
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Nov 19 16:41 ib_logfile0
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Nov 19 16:41 ib_logfile1
drwx------ 2 mysql mysql     4096 Nov 19 16:41 mysql
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql    29310 Nov 19 16:41 mysql-bin.000001
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql       19 Nov 19 16:41 mysql-bin.index
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql        7 Nov 19 16:41 mysql-bin.state
drwx------ 2 mysql mysql       20 Nov 19 16:41 performance_schema
drwx------ 2 mysql mysql       20 Nov 19 16:41 test

  • 设置启动相关文件

[root@centos7 support-files]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/systemd/mariadb.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/
[root@centos7 support-files]# ll /usr/lib/systemd/system/ |grep mariadb
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 5231 Nov 19 16:45 mariadb.service
centos6 的话可以使用mysql.server
[root@centos7 support-files]# ls
binary-configure  my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf  my-small.cnf         mysql.server  wsrep.cnf
magic             my-large.cnf            mysqld_multi.server  policy        wsrep_notify
my-huge.cnf       my-medium.cnf           mysql-log-rotate     systemd
[root@centos7 support-files]# cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@centos7 support-files]# chkconfig --list mysqld
Note: This output shows SysV services only and does not include native
      systemd services. SysV configuration data might be overridden by native
      systemd configuration.
      If you want to list systemd services use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.
      To see services enabled on particular target use
      'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'.
error reading information on service mysqld: No such file or direct
[root@centos7 support-files]# chkconfig --add mysqld  (把mysql注册为服务之后可以使用server来管理)
[root@centos7 support-files]# chkconfig --list mysqld  （在使用chkconfig查看你服务）

  • 再查看一下文件确保设置的路径正确，就可以启动服务了。

[root@centos7 support-files]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service 
[root@centos7 support-files]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 9
Server version: 10.2.29-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> 
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> 
（已经可以正常使用了但是密码没有设置谁都可以登录重新设置一下密码）

  • 跑一遍安全加固脚本（这也是软件包自带的）

(安全加固脚本路径)
[root@centos7 support-files]# which mysql_secure_installation 
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation
[root@centos7 support-files]# mysql_secure_installation 
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
      SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!  PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user.  If you've just installed MariaDB, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.
Enter current password for root (enter for none):   （输入当前密码，回车不输入任何字符）
OK, successfully used password, moving on...
Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.
Set root password? [Y/n] y （是否要设置密码输y）
New password: 
Re-enter new password: （输入两遍密码）
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
 ... Success!
By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them.  This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother.  You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y   （是否删除默认用户，输入y）
 ... Success!
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.  This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y   （不允许root远程登录，输入y安全考虑）
 ... Success!
By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y  （是否删除测试数据库test，生产中用不到删掉y）
 - Dropping test database...
 ... Success!
 - Removing privileges on test database...
 ... Success!
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y  （是否重新加载特权表，输入y）
 ... Success!
Cleaning up...
All done!  If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.
Thanks for using MariaDB!
（直接使用mysql不可以登陆了）
[root@centos7 support-files]# mysql
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
[root@centos7 support-files]# mysql -p123456  （-p输入密码登录。注意：-p后不要加空格）
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 19
Server version: 10.2.29-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> exit
Bye
[root@centos7 support-files]# mysql -uroot -p123456  （上面登录不写用户的话默认就为root登录既管理员）注意：这里的root不是操作系统的root他只是针对于MySQL数据库的root用户不要搞混了。
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 20
Server version: 10.2.29-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> exit
Bye

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