015.Kubernetes二进制部署所有节点kubelet
一 部署 kubeletkubelet 运行在每个 worker 节点上,接收 kube-apiserver 发送的请求,管理 Pod 容器,执行交互式命令,如 exec、run、logs 等。kubelet 启动时自动向 kube-apiserver 注册节点信息,内置的 cadvisor 统计和监控节点的资源使用情况。为确保安全,部署时关闭了 kubelet 的非安全 http 端口,对请求进行认证和授权,拒绝未授权的访问(如 apiserver、heapster 的请求)。1.1 安装kubelet
提示:k8smaster01节点已下载相应二进制,可直接分发至node节点。1.2 分发kubelet
1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# cd /opt/k8s/work 2 [root@k8smaster01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
3 [root@k8smaster01 work]# for all_ip in ${ALL_IPS[@]}
4do
5 echo ">>> ${all_ip}"
6 scp kubernetes/server/bin/kubelet root@${all_ip}:/opt/k8s/bin/
7 ssh root@${all_ip} "chmod +x /opt/k8s/bin/*"
8 done
1.3 分发kubeconfig
1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# cd /opt/k8s/work 2 [root@k8smaster01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
3 [root@k8smaster01 work]# for all_name in ${ALL_NAMES[@]}
4do
5 echo ">>> ${all_name}"
6
7 # 创建 token
8export BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=$(kubeadm token create
9 --description kubelet-bootstrap-token
10 --groups system:bootstrappers:${all_name}
11 --kubeconfig ~/.kube/config)
12
13 # 设置集群参数
14 kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes
15 --certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem
16 --embed-certs=true
17 --server=${KUBE_APISERVER}
18 --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap-${all_name}.kubeconfig
19
20 # 设置客户端认证参数
21 kubectl config set-credentials kubelet-bootstrap
22 --token=${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN}
23 --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap-${all_name}.kubeconfig
24
25 # 设置上下文参数
26 kubectl config set-context default
27 --cluster=kubernetes
28 --user=kubelet-bootstrap
29 --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap-${all_name}.kubeconfig
30
31 # 设置默认上下文
32 kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap-${all_name}.kubeconfig
33 done
解释:向 kubeconfig 写入的是 token,bootstrap 结束后 kube-controller-manager 为 kubelet 创建 client 和 server 证书。token 有效期为 1 天,超期后将不能再被用来 boostrap kubelet,且会被 kube-controller-manager 的 tokencleaner 清理;kube-apiserver 接收 kubelet 的 bootstrap token 后,将请求的 user 设置为 system:bootstrap:<Token ID>,group 设置为 system:bootstrappers,后续将为这个 group 设置 ClusterRoleBinding。 1 [root@k8smaster01 work]# kubeadm token list --kubeconfig ~/.kube/config #查看 kubeadm 为各节点创建的 token 2 [root@k8smaster01 work]# kubectl get secrets -n kube-system|grep bootstrap-token #查看各 token 关联的 Secret
1.5 分发bootstrap kubeconfig
1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# cd /opt/k8s/work 2 [root@k8smaster01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
3 [root@k8smaster01 work]# for all_name in ${ALL_NAMES[@]}
4do
5 echo ">>> ${all_name}"
6 scp kubelet-bootstrap-${all_name}.kubeconfig root@${all_name}:/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig
7 done
1.6 创建kubelet 参数配置文件
从 v1.10 开始,部分 kubelet 参数需在配置文件中配置,建议创建kubelet配置文件。 1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# cd /opt/k8s/work 2 [root@k8smaster01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
3 [root@k8smaster01 work]# cat > kubelet-config.yaml.template <<EOF
4 kind: KubeletConfiguration
5 apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
6 address: "##ALL_IP##"
7 staticPodPath: ""
8 syncFrequency: 1m
9 fileCheckFrequency: 20s
10 httpCheckFrequency: 20s
11 staticPodURL: ""
12 port: 10250
13 readOnlyPort: 0
14 rotateCertificates: true
15 serverTLSBootstrap: true
16 authentication:
17 anonymous:
18 enabled: false
19 webhook:
20 enabled: true
21 x509:
22 clientCAFile: "/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem"
23 authorization:
24 mode: Webhook
25 registryPullQPS: 0
26 registryBurst: 20
27 eventRecordQPS: 0
28 eventBurst: 20
29 enableDebuggingHandlers: true
30 enableContentionProfiling: true
31 healthzPort: 10248
32 healthzBindAddress: "##ALL_IP##"
33 clusterDomain: "${CLUSTER_DNS_DOMAIN}"
34 clusterDNS:
35 - "${CLUSTER_DNS_SVC_IP}"
36 nodeStatusUpdateFrequency: 10s
37 nodeStatusReportFrequency: 1m
38 imageMinimumGCAge: 2m
39 imageGCHighThresholdPercent: 85
40 imageGCLowThresholdPercent: 80
41 volumeStatsAggPeriod: 1m
42 kubeletCgroups: ""
43 systemCgroups: ""
44 cgroupRoot: ""
45 cgroupsPerQOS: true
46 cgroupDriver: cgroupfs
47 runtimeRequestTimeout: 10m
48 hairpinMode: promiscuous-bridge
49 maxPods: 220
50 podCIDR: "${CLUSTER_CIDR}"
51 podPidsLimit: -1
52 resolvConf: /etc/resolv.conf
53 maxOpenFiles: 1000000
54 kubeAPIQPS: 1000
55 kubeAPIBurst: 2000
56 serializeImagePulls: false
57 evictionHard:
58 memory.available: "100Mi"
59 nodefs.available: "10%"
60 nodefs.inodesFree: "5%"
61 imagefs.available: "15%"
62 evictionSoft: {}
63 enableControllerAttachDetach: true
64 failSwapOn: true
65 containerLogMaxSize: 20Mi
66 containerLogMaxFiles: 10
67 systemReserved: {}
68 kubeReserved: {}
69 systemReservedCgroup: ""
70 kubeReservedCgroup: ""
71 enforceNodeAllocatable: ["pods"]
72 EOF
1.7 分发kubelet 参数配置文件
1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# cd /opt/k8s/work 2 [root@k8smaster01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
3 [root@k8smaster01 work]# for all_ip in ${ALL_IPS[@]}
4do
5 echo ">>> ${all_ip}"
6 sed -e "s/##ALL_IP##/${all_ip}/" kubelet-config.yaml.template > kubelet-config-${all_ip}.yaml.template
7 scp kubelet-config-${all_ip}.yaml.template root@${all_ip}:/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-config.yaml
8 done
1.8 创建kubelet systemd
1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# cd /opt/k8s/work 2 [root@k8smaster01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
3 [root@k8smaster01 work]# cat > kubelet.service.template <<EOF
4 [Unit]
5 Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
6 Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
7 After=docker.service
8 Requires=docker.service
9
10 [Service]
11 WorkingDirectory=${K8S_DIR}/kubelet
12 ExecStart=/opt/k8s/bin/kubelet \
13 --allow-privileged=true \
14 --bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig \
15 --cert-dir=/etc/kubernetes/cert \
16 --cni-conf-dir=/etc/cni/net.d \
17 --container-runtime=docker \
18 --container-runtime-endpoint=unix:///var/run/dockershim.sock \
19 --root-dir=${K8S_DIR}/kubelet \
20 --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig \
21 --config=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-config.yaml \
22 --hostname-override=##ALL_NAME## \
23 --pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/k8s_images/pause-amd64:3.1 \
24 --image-pull-progress-deadline=15m \
25 --volume-plugin-dir=${K8S_DIR}/kubelet/kubelet-plugins/volume/exec/ \
26 --logtostderr=true \
27 --v=2
28 Restart=always
29 RestartSec=5
30 StartLimitInterval=0
31
32 [Install]
33 WantedBy=multi-user.target
34 EOF
解释:- 如果设置了 --hostname-override 选项,则 kube-proxy 也需要设置该选项,否则会出现找不到 Node 的情况;
- --bootstrap-kubeconfig:指向 bootstrap kubeconfig 文件,kubelet 使用该文件中的用户名和 token 向 kube-apiserver 发送 TLS Bootstrapping 请求;
- K8S approve kubelet 的 csr 请求后,在 --cert-dir 目录创建证书和私钥文件,然后写入 --kubeconfig 文件;
- --pod-infra-container-image 不使用 redhat 的 pod-infrastructure:latest 镜像,它不能回收容器的僵尸。
1.9 分发kubelet systemd
1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# cd /opt/k8s/work 2 [root@k8smaster01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
3 [root@k8smaster01 work]# for all_name in ${ALL_NAMES[@]}
4do
5 echo ">>> ${all_name}"
6 sed -e "s/##ALL_NAME##/${all_name}/" kubelet.service.template > kubelet-${all_name}.service
7 scp kubelet-${all_name}.service root@${all_name}:/etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service
8 done
二 启动验证2.1 授权
kubelet 启动时查找 --kubeletconfig 参数对应的文件是否存在,如果不存在则使用 --bootstrap-kubeconfig 指定的 kubeconfig 文件向 kube-apiserver 发送证书签名请求 (CSR)。kube-apiserver 收到 CSR 请求后,对其中的 Token 进行认证,认证通过后将请求的 user 设置为 system:bootstrap:<Token ID>,group 设置为 system:bootstrappers,这一过程称为 Bootstrap Token Auth。默认情况下,这个 user 和 group 没有创建 CSR 的权限,因此kubelet 会启动失败,可通过如下方式创建一个 clusterrolebinding,将 group system:bootstrappers 和 clusterrole system:node-bootstrapper 绑定。
1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap --clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper --group=system:bootstrappers
2.2 启动kubelet
1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh 2 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# for all_name in ${ALL_NAMES[@]}
3do
4 echo ">>> ${all_name}"
5 ssh root@${all_name} "mkdir -p ${K8S_DIR}/kubelet/kubelet-plugins/volume/exec/"
6 ssh root@${all_name} "/usr/sbin/swapoff -a"
7 ssh root@${all_name} "systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl restart kubelet"
8 done
kubelet 启动后使用 --bootstrap-kubeconfig 向 kube-apiserver 发送 CSR 请求,当这个 CSR 被 approve 后,kube-controller-manager 为 kubelet 创建 TLS 客户端证书、私钥和 --kubeletconfig 文件。注意:kube-controller-manager 需要配置 --cluster-signing-cert-file 和 --cluster-signing-key-file 参数,才会为 TLS Bootstrap 创建证书和私钥。提示:启动服务前必须先创建工作目录;关闭 swap 分区,否则 kubelet 会启动失败。2.3 查看kubelet服务
1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh 2 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# for all_name in ${ALL_NAMES[@]}
3do
4 echo ">>> ${all_name}"
5 ssh root@${all_name} "systemctl status kubelet"
6 done
7 [root@k8snode01 ~]# kubectl get csr
8 [root@k8snode01 ~]# kubectl get nodes
三 approve CSR 请求3.1 自动 approve CSR 请求
创建三个 ClusterRoleBinding,分别用于自动 approve client、renew client、renew server 证书。 1 [root@k8snode01 ~]# cd /opt/k8s/work 2 [root@k8snode01 work]# cat > csr-crb.yaml <<EOF
3 # Approve all CSRs for the group "system:bootstrappers"
4 kind: ClusterRoleBinding
5 apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
6 metadata:
7name: auto-approve-csrs-for-group
8 subjects:
9 - kind: Group
10name: system:bootstrappers
11 apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
12 roleRef:
13 kind: ClusterRole
14name: system:certificates.k8s.io:certificatesigningrequests:nodeclient
15 apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
16 ---
17 # To let a node of the group "system:nodes" renew its own credentials
18 kind: ClusterRoleBinding
19 apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
20 metadata:
21name: node-client-cert-renewal
22 subjects:
23 - kind: Group
24name: system:nodes
25 apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
26 roleRef:
27 kind: ClusterRole
28name: system:certificates.k8s.io:certificatesigningrequests:selfnodeclient
29 apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
30 ---
31 # A ClusterRole which instructs the CSR approver to approve a node requesting a
32 # serving cert matching its client cert.
33 kind: ClusterRole
34 apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
35 metadata:
36name: approve-node-server-renewal-csr
37 rules:
38 - apiGroups: ["certificates.k8s.io"]
39 resources: ["certificatesigningrequests/selfnodeserver"]
40 verbs: ["create"]
41 ---
42 # To let a node of the group "system:nodes" renew its own server credentials
43 kind: ClusterRoleBinding
44 apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
45 metadata:
46name: node-server-cert-renewal
47 subjects:
48 - kind: Group
49name: system:nodes
50 apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
51 roleRef:
52 kind: ClusterRole
53name: approve-node-server-renewal-csr
54 apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
55 EOF
56 [root@k8snode01 work]# kubectl apply -f csr-crb.yaml
解释:auto-approve-csrs-for-group:自动 approve node 的第一次 CSR; 注意第一次 CSR 时,请求的 Group 为 system:bootstrappers;node-client-cert-renewal:自动 approve node 后续过期的 client 证书,自动生成的证书 Group 为 system:nodes;node-server-cert-renewal:自动 approve node 后续过期的 server 证书,自动生成的证书 Group 为 system:nodes。3.2 查看 kubelet 的情况
1 [root@k8snode01 ~]# kubectl get csr | grep boot #等待一段时间(1-10 分钟),三个节点的 CSR 都被自动 approved 2 [root@k8snode01 ~]# kubectl get nodes #所有节点均 ready
3 [root@k8snode01 ~]# ls -l /etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig
4 [root@k8snode01 ~]# ls -l /etc/kubernetes/cert/|grep kubelet
3.3 手动 approve server cert csr
基于安全性考虑,CSR approving controllers 不会自动 approve kubelet server 证书签名请求,需要手动 approve。 1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# kubectl get csr 2 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# kubectl certificate approve csr-2kmtj
3
1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# ls -l /etc/kubernetes/cert/kubelet-*
四 kubelet API 接口4.1 kubelet 提供的 API 接口
1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# sudo netstat -lnpt|grep kubelet #查看kubelet监听端口
解释:- 10248: healthz http 服务;
- 10250: https 服务,访问该端口时需要认证和授权(即使访问 /healthz 也需要);
- 未开启只读端口 10255;
- 从 K8S v1.10 开始,去除了 --cadvisor-port 参数(默认 4194 端口),不支持访问 cAdvisor UI & API。
4.2 kubelet api 认证和授权
kubelet 配置了如下认证参数:- authentication.anonymous.enabled:设置为 false,不允许匿名�访问 10250 端口;
- authentication.x509.clientCAFile:指定签名客户端证书的 CA 证书,开启 HTTPs 证书认证;
- authentication.webhook.enabled=true:开启 HTTPs bearer token 认证。
同时配置了如下授权参数:authroization.mode=Webhook:开启 RBAC 授权。
kubelet 收到请求后,使用 clientCAFile 对证书签名进行认证,或者查询 bearer token 是否有效。如果两者都没通过,则拒绝请求,提示 Unauthorized。 1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# curl -s --cacert /etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem https://172.24.8.71:10250/metrics 2 Unauthorized[root@k8smaster01 ~]#
3 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# curl -s --cacert /etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem -H "Authorization: Bearer 123456" https://172.24.8.71:10250/metrics
4 Unauthorized
若通过认证后,kubelet 使用 SubjectAccessReview API 向 kube-apiserver 发送请求,查询证书或 token 对应的 user、group 是否有操作资源的权限(RBAC)。4.3 证书认证和授权
1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# curl -s --cacert /etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem --cert /etc/kubernetes/cert/kube-controller-manager.pem --key /etc/kubernetes/cert/kube-controller-manager-key.pem https://172.24.8.71:10250/metrics #默认权限不足 2 Forbidden (user=system:kube-controller-manager, verb=get, resource=nodes, subresource=metrics)
3 curl -s --cacert /etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem --cert /opt/k8s/work/admin.pem --key /opt/k8s/work/admin-key.pem https://172.24.8.71:10250/metrics|head #使用最高权限的admin
解释:--cacert、--cert、--key 的参数值必须是文件路径,如上面的 ./admin.pem 不能省略 ./,否则返回 401 Unauthorized。4.4 创建bear token 认证和授权
1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# kubectl create sa kubelet-api-test 2 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-api-test --clusterrole=system:kubelet-api-admin --serviceaccount=default:kubelet-api-test
3 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# SECRET=$(kubectl get secrets | grep kubelet-api-test | awk "{print $1}")
4 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# TOKEN=$(kubectl describe secret ${SECRET} | grep -E "^token" | awk "{print $2}")
5 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# echo ${TOKEN}
1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# curl -s --cacert /etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem -H "Authorization: Bearer ${TOKEN}" https://172.24.8.71:10250/metrics|head
4.5 cadvisor 和 metrics
cadvisor 是内嵌在 kubelet 二进制中的,统计所在节点各容器的资源(CPU、内存、磁盘、网卡)使用情况的服务。浏览器访问 https://172.24.8.71:10250/metrics 和 https://172.24.8.71:10250/metrics/cadvisor 分别返回 kubelet 和 cadvisor 的 metrics。注意:kubelet.config.json 设置 authentication.anonymous.enabled 为 false,不允许匿名证书访问 10250 的 https 服务;参考https://github.com/opsnull/follow-me-install-kubernetes-cluster/blob/master/A.%E6%B5%8F%E8%A7%88%E5%99%A8%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AEkube-apiserver%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%AB%AF%E5%8F%A3.md,创建和导入相关证书,然后访问上面的 10250 端口。
2 [root@k8smaster01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
3 [root@k8smaster01 work]# for all_ip in ${ALL_IPS[@]}
4do
5 echo ">>> ${all_ip}"
6 scp kubernetes/server/bin/kubelet root@${all_ip}:/opt/k8s/bin/
7 ssh root@${all_ip} "chmod +x /opt/k8s/bin/*"
8 done
2 [root@k8smaster01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
3 [root@k8smaster01 work]# for all_name in ${ALL_NAMES[@]}
4do
5 echo ">>> ${all_name}"
6
7 # 创建 token
8export BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=$(kubeadm token create
9 --description kubelet-bootstrap-token
10 --groups system:bootstrappers:${all_name}
11 --kubeconfig ~/.kube/config)
12
13 # 设置集群参数
14 kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes
15 --certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem
16 --embed-certs=true
17 --server=${KUBE_APISERVER}
18 --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap-${all_name}.kubeconfig
19
20 # 设置客户端认证参数
21 kubectl config set-credentials kubelet-bootstrap
22 --token=${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN}
23 --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap-${all_name}.kubeconfig
24
25 # 设置上下文参数
26 kubectl config set-context default
27 --cluster=kubernetes
28 --user=kubelet-bootstrap
29 --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap-${all_name}.kubeconfig
30
31 # 设置默认上下文
32 kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap-${all_name}.kubeconfig
33 done
2 [root@k8smaster01 work]# kubectl get secrets -n kube-system|grep bootstrap-token #查看各 token 关联的 Secret
2 [root@k8smaster01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
3 [root@k8smaster01 work]# for all_name in ${ALL_NAMES[@]}
4do
5 echo ">>> ${all_name}"
6 scp kubelet-bootstrap-${all_name}.kubeconfig root@${all_name}:/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig
7 done
2 [root@k8smaster01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
3 [root@k8smaster01 work]# cat > kubelet-config.yaml.template <<EOF
4 kind: KubeletConfiguration
5 apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
6 address: "##ALL_IP##"
7 staticPodPath: ""
8 syncFrequency: 1m
9 fileCheckFrequency: 20s
10 httpCheckFrequency: 20s
11 staticPodURL: ""
12 port: 10250
13 readOnlyPort: 0
14 rotateCertificates: true
15 serverTLSBootstrap: true
16 authentication:
17 anonymous:
18 enabled: false
19 webhook:
20 enabled: true
21 x509:
22 clientCAFile: "/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem"
23 authorization:
24 mode: Webhook
25 registryPullQPS: 0
26 registryBurst: 20
27 eventRecordQPS: 0
28 eventBurst: 20
29 enableDebuggingHandlers: true
30 enableContentionProfiling: true
31 healthzPort: 10248
32 healthzBindAddress: "##ALL_IP##"
33 clusterDomain: "${CLUSTER_DNS_DOMAIN}"
34 clusterDNS:
35 - "${CLUSTER_DNS_SVC_IP}"
36 nodeStatusUpdateFrequency: 10s
37 nodeStatusReportFrequency: 1m
38 imageMinimumGCAge: 2m
39 imageGCHighThresholdPercent: 85
40 imageGCLowThresholdPercent: 80
41 volumeStatsAggPeriod: 1m
42 kubeletCgroups: ""
43 systemCgroups: ""
44 cgroupRoot: ""
45 cgroupsPerQOS: true
46 cgroupDriver: cgroupfs
47 runtimeRequestTimeout: 10m
48 hairpinMode: promiscuous-bridge
49 maxPods: 220
50 podCIDR: "${CLUSTER_CIDR}"
51 podPidsLimit: -1
52 resolvConf: /etc/resolv.conf
53 maxOpenFiles: 1000000
54 kubeAPIQPS: 1000
55 kubeAPIBurst: 2000
56 serializeImagePulls: false
57 evictionHard:
58 memory.available: "100Mi"
59 nodefs.available: "10%"
60 nodefs.inodesFree: "5%"
61 imagefs.available: "15%"
62 evictionSoft: {}
63 enableControllerAttachDetach: true
64 failSwapOn: true
65 containerLogMaxSize: 20Mi
66 containerLogMaxFiles: 10
67 systemReserved: {}
68 kubeReserved: {}
69 systemReservedCgroup: ""
70 kubeReservedCgroup: ""
71 enforceNodeAllocatable: ["pods"]
72 EOF
2 [root@k8smaster01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
3 [root@k8smaster01 work]# for all_ip in ${ALL_IPS[@]}
4do
5 echo ">>> ${all_ip}"
6 sed -e "s/##ALL_IP##/${all_ip}/" kubelet-config.yaml.template > kubelet-config-${all_ip}.yaml.template
7 scp kubelet-config-${all_ip}.yaml.template root@${all_ip}:/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-config.yaml
8 done
2 [root@k8smaster01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
3 [root@k8smaster01 work]# cat > kubelet.service.template <<EOF
4 [Unit]
5 Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
6 Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
7 After=docker.service
8 Requires=docker.service
9
10 [Service]
11 WorkingDirectory=${K8S_DIR}/kubelet
12 ExecStart=/opt/k8s/bin/kubelet \
13 --allow-privileged=true \
14 --bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig \
15 --cert-dir=/etc/kubernetes/cert \
16 --cni-conf-dir=/etc/cni/net.d \
17 --container-runtime=docker \
18 --container-runtime-endpoint=unix:///var/run/dockershim.sock \
19 --root-dir=${K8S_DIR}/kubelet \
20 --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig \
21 --config=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-config.yaml \
22 --hostname-override=##ALL_NAME## \
23 --pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/k8s_images/pause-amd64:3.1 \
24 --image-pull-progress-deadline=15m \
25 --volume-plugin-dir=${K8S_DIR}/kubelet/kubelet-plugins/volume/exec/ \
26 --logtostderr=true \
27 --v=2
28 Restart=always
29 RestartSec=5
30 StartLimitInterval=0
31
32 [Install]
33 WantedBy=multi-user.target
34 EOF
2 [root@k8smaster01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
3 [root@k8smaster01 work]# for all_name in ${ALL_NAMES[@]}
4do
5 echo ">>> ${all_name}"
6 sed -e "s/##ALL_NAME##/${all_name}/" kubelet.service.template > kubelet-${all_name}.service
7 scp kubelet-${all_name}.service root@${all_name}:/etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service
8 done
2.1 授权
kubelet 启动时查找 --kubeletconfig 参数对应的文件是否存在,如果不存在则使用 --bootstrap-kubeconfig 指定的 kubeconfig 文件向 kube-apiserver 发送证书签名请求 (CSR)。kube-apiserver 收到 CSR 请求后,对其中的 Token 进行认证,认证通过后将请求的 user 设置为 system:bootstrap:<Token ID>,group 设置为 system:bootstrappers,这一过程称为 Bootstrap Token Auth。默认情况下,这个 user 和 group 没有创建 CSR 的权限,因此kubelet 会启动失败,可通过如下方式创建一个 clusterrolebinding,将 group system:bootstrappers 和 clusterrole system:node-bootstrapper 绑定。 1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap --clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper --group=system:bootstrappers
2.2 启动kubelet
1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.shkubelet 启动后使用 --bootstrap-kubeconfig 向 kube-apiserver 发送 CSR 请求,当这个 CSR 被 approve 后,kube-controller-manager 为 kubelet 创建 TLS 客户端证书、私钥和 --kubeletconfig 文件。注意:kube-controller-manager 需要配置 --cluster-signing-cert-file 和 --cluster-signing-key-file 参数,才会为 TLS Bootstrap 创建证书和私钥。提示:启动服务前必须先创建工作目录;关闭 swap 分区,否则 kubelet 会启动失败。2 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# for all_name in ${ALL_NAMES[@]}
3do
4 echo ">>> ${all_name}"
5 ssh root@${all_name} "mkdir -p ${K8S_DIR}/kubelet/kubelet-plugins/volume/exec/"
6 ssh root@${all_name} "/usr/sbin/swapoff -a"
7 ssh root@${all_name} "systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl restart kubelet"
8 done
2.3 查看kubelet服务
1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh2 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# for all_name in ${ALL_NAMES[@]}
3do
4 echo ">>> ${all_name}"
5 ssh root@${all_name} "systemctl status kubelet"
6 done
7 [root@k8snode01 ~]# kubectl get csr
8 [root@k8snode01 ~]# kubectl get nodes
三 approve CSR 请求3.1 自动 approve CSR 请求
创建三个 ClusterRoleBinding,分别用于自动 approve client、renew client、renew server 证书。 1 [root@k8snode01 ~]# cd /opt/k8s/work 2 [root@k8snode01 work]# cat > csr-crb.yaml <<EOF
3 # Approve all CSRs for the group "system:bootstrappers"
4 kind: ClusterRoleBinding
5 apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
6 metadata:
7name: auto-approve-csrs-for-group
8 subjects:
9 - kind: Group
10name: system:bootstrappers
11 apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
12 roleRef:
13 kind: ClusterRole
14name: system:certificates.k8s.io:certificatesigningrequests:nodeclient
15 apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
16 ---
17 # To let a node of the group "system:nodes" renew its own credentials
18 kind: ClusterRoleBinding
19 apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
20 metadata:
21name: node-client-cert-renewal
22 subjects:
23 - kind: Group
24name: system:nodes
25 apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
26 roleRef:
27 kind: ClusterRole
28name: system:certificates.k8s.io:certificatesigningrequests:selfnodeclient
29 apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
30 ---
31 # A ClusterRole which instructs the CSR approver to approve a node requesting a
32 # serving cert matching its client cert.
33 kind: ClusterRole
34 apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
35 metadata:
36name: approve-node-server-renewal-csr
37 rules:
38 - apiGroups: ["certificates.k8s.io"]
39 resources: ["certificatesigningrequests/selfnodeserver"]
40 verbs: ["create"]
41 ---
42 # To let a node of the group "system:nodes" renew its own server credentials
43 kind: ClusterRoleBinding
44 apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
45 metadata:
46name: node-server-cert-renewal
47 subjects:
48 - kind: Group
49name: system:nodes
50 apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
51 roleRef:
52 kind: ClusterRole
53name: approve-node-server-renewal-csr
54 apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
55 EOF
56 [root@k8snode01 work]# kubectl apply -f csr-crb.yaml
解释:auto-approve-csrs-for-group:自动 approve node 的第一次 CSR; 注意第一次 CSR 时,请求的 Group 为 system:bootstrappers;node-client-cert-renewal:自动 approve node 后续过期的 client 证书,自动生成的证书 Group 为 system:nodes;node-server-cert-renewal:自动 approve node 后续过期的 server 证书,自动生成的证书 Group 为 system:nodes。3.2 查看 kubelet 的情况
1 [root@k8snode01 ~]# kubectl get csr | grep boot #等待一段时间(1-10 分钟),三个节点的 CSR 都被自动 approved 2 [root@k8snode01 ~]# kubectl get nodes #所有节点均 ready
3 [root@k8snode01 ~]# ls -l /etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig
4 [root@k8snode01 ~]# ls -l /etc/kubernetes/cert/|grep kubelet
3.3 手动 approve server cert csr
基于安全性考虑,CSR approving controllers 不会自动 approve kubelet server 证书签名请求,需要手动 approve。 1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# kubectl get csr 2 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# kubectl certificate approve csr-2kmtj
3
1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# ls -l /etc/kubernetes/cert/kubelet-*
四 kubelet API 接口4.1 kubelet 提供的 API 接口
1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# sudo netstat -lnpt|grep kubelet #查看kubelet监听端口
解释:- 10248: healthz http 服务;
- 10250: https 服务,访问该端口时需要认证和授权(即使访问 /healthz 也需要);
- 未开启只读端口 10255;
- 从 K8S v1.10 开始,去除了 --cadvisor-port 参数(默认 4194 端口),不支持访问 cAdvisor UI & API。
4.2 kubelet api 认证和授权
kubelet 配置了如下认证参数:- authentication.anonymous.enabled:设置为 false,不允许匿名�访问 10250 端口;
- authentication.x509.clientCAFile:指定签名客户端证书的 CA 证书,开启 HTTPs 证书认证;
- authentication.webhook.enabled=true:开启 HTTPs bearer token 认证。
同时配置了如下授权参数:authroization.mode=Webhook:开启 RBAC 授权。
kubelet 收到请求后,使用 clientCAFile 对证书签名进行认证,或者查询 bearer token 是否有效。如果两者都没通过,则拒绝请求,提示 Unauthorized。 1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# curl -s --cacert /etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem https://172.24.8.71:10250/metrics 2 Unauthorized[root@k8smaster01 ~]#
3 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# curl -s --cacert /etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem -H "Authorization: Bearer 123456" https://172.24.8.71:10250/metrics
4 Unauthorized
若通过认证后,kubelet 使用 SubjectAccessReview API 向 kube-apiserver 发送请求,查询证书或 token 对应的 user、group 是否有操作资源的权限(RBAC)。4.3 证书认证和授权
1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# curl -s --cacert /etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem --cert /etc/kubernetes/cert/kube-controller-manager.pem --key /etc/kubernetes/cert/kube-controller-manager-key.pem https://172.24.8.71:10250/metrics #默认权限不足 2 Forbidden (user=system:kube-controller-manager, verb=get, resource=nodes, subresource=metrics)
3 curl -s --cacert /etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem --cert /opt/k8s/work/admin.pem --key /opt/k8s/work/admin-key.pem https://172.24.8.71:10250/metrics|head #使用最高权限的admin
解释:--cacert、--cert、--key 的参数值必须是文件路径,如上面的 ./admin.pem 不能省略 ./,否则返回 401 Unauthorized。4.4 创建bear token 认证和授权
1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# kubectl create sa kubelet-api-test 2 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-api-test --clusterrole=system:kubelet-api-admin --serviceaccount=default:kubelet-api-test
3 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# SECRET=$(kubectl get secrets | grep kubelet-api-test | awk "{print $1}")
4 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# TOKEN=$(kubectl describe secret ${SECRET} | grep -E "^token" | awk "{print $2}")
5 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# echo ${TOKEN}
1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# curl -s --cacert /etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem -H "Authorization: Bearer ${TOKEN}" https://172.24.8.71:10250/metrics|head
4.5 cadvisor 和 metrics
cadvisor 是内嵌在 kubelet 二进制中的,统计所在节点各容器的资源(CPU、内存、磁盘、网卡)使用情况的服务。浏览器访问 https://172.24.8.71:10250/metrics 和 https://172.24.8.71:10250/metrics/cadvisor 分别返回 kubelet 和 cadvisor 的 metrics。注意:kubelet.config.json 设置 authentication.anonymous.enabled 为 false,不允许匿名证书访问 10250 的 https 服务;参考https://github.com/opsnull/follow-me-install-kubernetes-cluster/blob/master/A.%E6%B5%8F%E8%A7%88%E5%99%A8%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AEkube-apiserver%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%AB%AF%E5%8F%A3.md,创建和导入相关证书,然后访问上面的 10250 端口。
2 [root@k8snode01 work]# cat > csr-crb.yaml <<EOF
3 # Approve all CSRs for the group "system:bootstrappers"
4 kind: ClusterRoleBinding
5 apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
6 metadata:
7name: auto-approve-csrs-for-group
8 subjects:
9 - kind: Group
10name: system:bootstrappers
11 apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
12 roleRef:
13 kind: ClusterRole
14name: system:certificates.k8s.io:certificatesigningrequests:nodeclient
15 apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
16 ---
17 # To let a node of the group "system:nodes" renew its own credentials
18 kind: ClusterRoleBinding
19 apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
20 metadata:
21name: node-client-cert-renewal
22 subjects:
23 - kind: Group
24name: system:nodes
25 apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
26 roleRef:
27 kind: ClusterRole
28name: system:certificates.k8s.io:certificatesigningrequests:selfnodeclient
29 apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
30 ---
31 # A ClusterRole which instructs the CSR approver to approve a node requesting a
32 # serving cert matching its client cert.
33 kind: ClusterRole
34 apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
35 metadata:
36name: approve-node-server-renewal-csr
37 rules:
38 - apiGroups: ["certificates.k8s.io"]
39 resources: ["certificatesigningrequests/selfnodeserver"]
40 verbs: ["create"]
41 ---
42 # To let a node of the group "system:nodes" renew its own server credentials
43 kind: ClusterRoleBinding
44 apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
45 metadata:
46name: node-server-cert-renewal
47 subjects:
48 - kind: Group
49name: system:nodes
50 apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
51 roleRef:
52 kind: ClusterRole
53name: approve-node-server-renewal-csr
54 apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
55 EOF
56 [root@k8snode01 work]# kubectl apply -f csr-crb.yaml
2 [root@k8snode01 ~]# kubectl get nodes #所有节点均 ready
3 [root@k8snode01 ~]# ls -l /etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig
4 [root@k8snode01 ~]# ls -l /etc/kubernetes/cert/|grep kubelet
2 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# kubectl certificate approve csr-2kmtj
3
4.1 kubelet 提供的 API 接口
1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# sudo netstat -lnpt|grep kubelet #查看kubelet监听端口
解释:- 10248: healthz http 服务;
- 10250: https 服务,访问该端口时需要认证和授权(即使访问 /healthz 也需要);
- 未开启只读端口 10255;
- 从 K8S v1.10 开始,去除了 --cadvisor-port 参数(默认 4194 端口),不支持访问 cAdvisor UI & API。
4.2 kubelet api 认证和授权
kubelet 配置了如下认证参数:- authentication.anonymous.enabled:设置为 false,不允许匿名�访问 10250 端口;
- authentication.x509.clientCAFile:指定签名客户端证书的 CA 证书,开启 HTTPs 证书认证;
- authentication.webhook.enabled=true:开启 HTTPs bearer token 认证。
kubelet 收到请求后,使用 clientCAFile 对证书签名进行认证,或者查询 bearer token 是否有效。如果两者都没通过,则拒绝请求,提示 Unauthorized。
1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# curl -s --cacert /etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem https://172.24.8.71:10250/metrics若通过认证后,kubelet 使用 SubjectAccessReview API 向 kube-apiserver 发送请求,查询证书或 token 对应的 user、group 是否有操作资源的权限(RBAC)。2 Unauthorized[root@k8smaster01 ~]#
3 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# curl -s --cacert /etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem -H "Authorization: Bearer 123456" https://172.24.8.71:10250/metrics
4 Unauthorized
4.3 证书认证和授权
1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# curl -s --cacert /etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem --cert /etc/kubernetes/cert/kube-controller-manager.pem --key /etc/kubernetes/cert/kube-controller-manager-key.pem https://172.24.8.71:10250/metrics #默认权限不足解释:--cacert、--cert、--key 的参数值必须是文件路径,如上面的 ./admin.pem 不能省略 ./,否则返回 401 Unauthorized。2 Forbidden (user=system:kube-controller-manager, verb=get, resource=nodes, subresource=metrics)
3 curl -s --cacert /etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem --cert /opt/k8s/work/admin.pem --key /opt/k8s/work/admin-key.pem https://172.24.8.71:10250/metrics|head #使用最高权限的admin
4.4 创建bear token 认证和授权
1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# kubectl create sa kubelet-api-test2 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-api-test --clusterrole=system:kubelet-api-admin --serviceaccount=default:kubelet-api-test
3 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# SECRET=$(kubectl get secrets | grep kubelet-api-test | awk "{print $1}")
4 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# TOKEN=$(kubectl describe secret ${SECRET} | grep -E "^token" | awk "{print $2}")
5 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# echo ${TOKEN}
1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# curl -s --cacert /etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem -H "Authorization: Bearer ${TOKEN}" https://172.24.8.71:10250/metrics|head
4.5 cadvisor 和 metrics
cadvisor 是内嵌在 kubelet 二进制中的,统计所在节点各容器的资源(CPU、内存、磁盘、网卡)使用情况的服务。浏览器访问 https://172.24.8.71:10250/metrics 和 https://172.24.8.71:10250/metrics/cadvisor 分别返回 kubelet 和 cadvisor 的 metrics。注意:kubelet.config.json 设置 authentication.anonymous.enabled 为 false,不允许匿名证书访问 10250 的 https 服务;参考https://github.com/opsnull/follow-me-install-kubernetes-cluster/blob/master/A.%E6%B5%8F%E8%A7%88%E5%99%A8%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AEkube-apiserver%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%AB%AF%E5%8F%A3.md,创建和导入相关证书,然后访问上面的 10250 端口。以上是 015.Kubernetes二进制部署所有节点kubelet 的全部内容, 来源链接: utcz.com/z/510895.html