Python操作系统实用程序

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  • 2024-01-10
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python lib

PyObject* PyOS_FSPath(PyObject *path)

Return value: New reference.

Return the file system representation for path. If the object is a

str or bytes object, then its reference count is

incremented. If the object implements the os.PathLike interface,

then __fspath__() is returned as long as it is a

str or bytes object. Otherwise TypeError is raised

and NULL is returned.

3.6 新版功能.

int Py_FdIsInteractive(FILE *fp, const char *filename)

Return true (nonzero) if the standard I/O file fp with name filename is

deemed interactive. This is the case for files for which isatty(fileno(fp))

is true. If the global flag Py_InteractiveFlag is true, this function

also returns true if the filename pointer is NULL or if the name is equal to

one of the strings '<stdin>' or '???'.

void PyOS_BeforeFork()

Function to prepare some internal state before a process fork. This

should be called before calling fork() or any similar function

that clones the current process.

Only available on systems where fork() is defined.

3.7 新版功能.

void PyOS_AfterFork_Parent()

Function to update some internal state after a process fork. This

should be called from the parent process after calling fork()

or any similar function that clones the current process, regardless

of whether process cloning was successful.

Only available on systems where fork() is defined.

3.7 新版功能.

void PyOS_AfterFork_Child()

Function to update internal interpreter state after a process fork.

This must be called from the child process after calling fork(),

or any similar function that clones the current process, if there is

any chance the process will call back into the Python interpreter.

Only available on systems where fork() is defined.

3.7 新版功能.

参见

os.register_at_fork() allows registering custom Python functions

to be called by PyOS_BeforeFork(),

PyOS_AfterFork_Parent() and PyOS_AfterFork_Child().

void PyOS_AfterFork()

Function to update some internal state after a process fork; this should be

called in the new process if the Python interpreter will continue to be used.

If a new executable is loaded into the new process, this function does not need

to be called.

3.7 版后已移除: This function is superseded by PyOS_AfterFork_Child().

int PyOS_CheckStack()

Return true when the interpreter runs out of stack space. This is a reliable

check, but is only available when USE_STACKCHECK is defined (currently

on Windows using the Microsoft Visual C++ compiler). USE_STACKCHECK

will be defined automatically; you should never change the definition in your

own code.

PyOS_sighandler_t PyOS_getsig(int i)

Return the current signal handler for signal i. This is a thin wrapper around

either sigaction() or signal(). Do not call those functions

directly! PyOS_sighandler_t is a typedef alias for void

(*)(int).

PyOS_sighandler_t PyOS_setsig(int i, PyOS_sighandler_t h)

Set the signal handler for signal i to be h; return the old signal handler.

This is a thin wrapper around either sigaction() or signal(). Do

not call those functions directly! PyOS_sighandler_t is a typedef

alias for void(*)(int).

wchar_t* Py_DecodeLocale(const char* arg, size_t *size)

Decode a byte string from the locale encoding with the surrogateescape

error handler: undecodable bytes are decoded as

characters in range U+DC80..U+DCFF. If a byte sequence can be decoded as a

surrogate character, escape the bytes using the surrogateescape error

handler instead of decoding them.

Encoding, highest priority to lowest priority:

  • UTF-8 在 macOS 和 Android上;

  • UTF-8 if the Python UTF-8 mode is enabled;

  • ASCII if the LC_CTYPE locale is "C",

    nl_langinfo(CODESET) returns the ASCII encoding (or an alias),

    and mbstowcs() and wcstombs() functions uses the

    ISO-8859-1 encoding.

  • the current locale encoding.

Return a pointer to a newly allocated wide character string, use

PyMem_RawFree() to free the memory. If size is not NULL, write

the number of wide characters excluding the null character into *size

Return NULL on decoding error or memory allocation error. If size is

not NULL, *size is set to (size_t)-1 on memory error or set to

(size_t)-2 on decoding error.

Decoding errors should never happen, unless there is a bug in the C

library.

Use the Py_EncodeLocale() function to encode the character string

back to a byte string.

参见

The PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefaultAndSize() and

PyUnicode_DecodeLocaleAndSize() functions.

3.5 新版功能.

在 3.7 版更改: The function now uses the UTF-8 encoding in the UTF-8 mode.

char* Py_EncodeLocale(const wchar_t *text, size_t *error_pos)

Encode a wide character string to the locale encoding with the

surrogateescape error handler: surrogate characters

in the range U+DC80..U+DCFF are converted to bytes 0x80..0xFF.

Encoding, highest priority to lowest priority:

  • UTF-8 在 macOS 和 Android上;

  • UTF-8 if the Python UTF-8 mode is enabled;

  • ASCII if the LC_CTYPE locale is "C",

    nl_langinfo(CODESET) returns the ASCII encoding (or an alias),

    and mbstowcs() and wcstombs() functions uses the

    ISO-8859-1 encoding.

  • the current locale encoding.

The function uses the UTF-8 encoding in the Python UTF-8 mode.

Return a pointer to a newly allocated byte string, use PyMem_Free()

to free the memory. Return NULL on encoding error or memory allocation

error

If error_pos is not NULL, *error_pos is set to (size_t)-1 on

success, or set to the index of the invalid character on encoding error.

Use the Py_DecodeLocale() function to decode the bytes string back

to a wide character string.

在 3.7 版更改: The function now uses the UTF-8 encoding in the UTF-8 mode.

参见

The PyUnicode_EncodeFSDefault() and

PyUnicode_EncodeLocale() functions.

3.5 新版功能.

在 3.7 版更改: The function now supports the UTF-8 mode.

系统功能¶

These are utility functions that make functionality from the sys module

accessible to C code. They all work with the current interpreter thread's

sys module's dict, which is contained in the internal thread state structure.

PyObject *PySys_GetObject(const char *name)

Return value: Borrowed reference.

Return the object name from the sys module or NULL if it does

not exist, without setting an exception.

int PySys_SetObject(const char *name, PyObject *v)

Set name in the sys module to v unless v is NULL, in which

case name is deleted from the sys module. Returns 0 on success, -1

on error.

void PySys_ResetWarnOptions()

Reset sys.warnoptions to an empty list. This function may be

called prior to Py_Initialize().

void PySys_AddWarnOption(const wchar_t *s)

Append s to sys.warnoptions. This function must be called prior

to Py_Initialize() in order to affect the warnings filter list.

void PySys_AddWarnOptionUnicode(PyObject *unicode)

Append unicode to sys.warnoptions.

Note: this function is not currently usable from outside the CPython

implementation, as it must be called prior to the implicit import of

warnings in Py_Initialize() to be effective, but can't be

called until enough of the runtime has been initialized to permit the

creation of Unicode objects.

void PySys_SetPath(const wchar_t *path)

Set sys.path to a list object of paths found in path which should

be a list of paths separated with the platform's search path delimiter

(: on Unix, ; on Windows).

void PySys_WriteStdout(const char *format, ...)

Write the output string described by format to sys.stdout. No

exceptions are raised, even if truncation occurs (see below).

format should limit the total size of the formatted output string to

1000 bytes or less -- after 1000 bytes, the output string is truncated.

In particular, this means that no unrestricted "%s" formats should occur;

these should be limited using "%.<N>s" where <N> is a decimal number

calculated so that <N> plus the maximum size of other formatted text does not

exceed 1000 bytes. Also watch out for "%f", which can print hundreds of

digits for very large numbers.

If a problem occurs, or sys.stdout is unset, the formatted message

is written to the real (C level) stdout.

void PySys_WriteStderr(const char *format, ...)

As PySys_WriteStdout(), but write to sys.stderr or stderr

instead.

void PySys_FormatStdout(const char *format, ...)

Function similar to PySys_WriteStdout() but format the message using

PyUnicode_FromFormatV() and don't truncate the message to an

arbitrary length.

3.2 新版功能.

void PySys_FormatStderr(const char *format, ...)

As PySys_FormatStdout(), but write to sys.stderr or stderr

instead.

3.2 新版功能.

void PySys_AddXOption(const wchar_t *s)

Parse s as a set of -X options and add them to the current

options mapping as returned by PySys_GetXOptions(). This function

may be called prior to Py_Initialize().

3.2 新版功能.

PyObject *PySys_GetXOptions()

Return value: Borrowed reference.

Return the current dictionary of -X options, similarly to

sys._xoptions. On error, NULL is returned and an exception is

set.

3.2 新版功能.

过程控制¶

void Py_FatalError(const char *message)

Print a fatal error message and kill the process. No cleanup is performed.

This function should only be invoked when a condition is detected that would

make it dangerous to continue using the Python interpreter; e.g., when the

object administration appears to be corrupted. On Unix, the standard C library

function abort() is called which will attempt to produce a core

file.

void Py_Exit(int status)

Exit the current process. This calls Py_FinalizeEx() and then calls the

standard C library function exit(status). If Py_FinalizeEx()

indicates an error, the exit status is set to 120.

在 3.6 版更改: Errors from finalization no longer ignored.

int Py_AtExit(void (*func)())

Register a cleanup function to be called by Py_FinalizeEx(). The cleanup

function will be called with no arguments and should return no value. At most

32 cleanup functions can be registered. When the registration is successful,

Py_AtExit() returns 0; on failure, it returns -1. The cleanup

function registered last is called first. Each cleanup function will be called

at most once. Since Python's internal finalization will have completed before

the cleanup function, no Python APIs should be called by func.

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