Java多线程技术-wait/notify/join

java

wait()方法的作用是使当前执行代码的线程进行等待,wait()是Object类的方法,用来将当前线程置入预执行队列中,并且在wait()所在的代码处停止执行,直到接到通知或被中断为止。wait()调用前,必须获得该对象的对象级锁,即只能在同步方法或者同步代码块中调用wait()方法,否则会抛出IllegalMonitorStateException。当wait()执行后,当前线程释放锁

notify()方法的作用是用来通知那些可能等待该对象的对象锁的其他线程,如果有多个线程等待,则随机挑选出一个wait状态的线程,对其发出通知,并使它等待获取该对象的对象锁。notify()调用前,必须获得该对象的对象级锁,即只能在同步方法或者同步代码块中调用notify()方法,否则会抛出IllegalMonitorStateException。当notify()方法执行后,不会马上释放该对象的锁,呈wait状态的线程也并不能马上获得该对象锁,要等到执行notify()的线程将程序执行完,也就是退出synchronized代码块后,当前线程才会释放锁。

notifyAll()方法和notify()作用基本是一样的,一个是唤醒全部的wait线程,一个是唤醒其中一个wait线程。

经典案例生产者和消费者

public class MyStack {

private List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();

public synchronized void push() {

try {

while (list.size() == 1) {

System.out.println("push:"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"呈wait状态");

this.wait();

}

list.add("anyString=" + Math.random());

this.notifyAll();

System.out.println("push=" + list.size());

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

public synchronized String pop(){

String returnValue = "";

try {

while(list.size() == 0){

System.out.println("pop:"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"呈wait状态");

this.wait();

}

returnValue = list.get(0);

list.remove(0);

this.notifyAll();

System.out.println("pop="+list.size());

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

}

return returnValue;

}

}

public class Product {

private MyStack myStack;

public Product(MyStack myStack) {

this.myStack = myStack;

}

public void pushService(){

myStack.push();

}

}

public class Customer {

private MyStack myStack;

public Customer(MyStack myStack) {

this.myStack = myStack;

}

public void popService(){

myStack.pop();

}

}

public class ThreadCustomer extends Thread {

private Customer customer;

public ThreadCustomer(Customer customer) {

this.customer = customer;

}

@Override

public void run() {

while(true){

customer.popService();

}

}

}

public class ThreadProduct extends Thread {

private Product product;

public ThreadProduct(Product product) {

this.product = product;

}

@Override

public void run() {

while(true){

product.pushService();

}

}

}

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

MyStack myStack = new MyStack();

Product p = new Product(myStack);

Customer c = new Customer(myStack);

ThreadProduct pThread = new ThreadProduct(p);

ThreadCustomer cThread = new ThreadCustomer(c);

pThread.start();

cThread.start();

}

}

View Code

join的作用

join()是Thread类的一个方法,它的作用是使所属的线程x对象正常的执行run方法中的任务,而使当前线程z进行无限期的阻塞,等待线程x销毁后再继续执行线程z后面的代码。

public class MyThread extends Thread{

@Override

public void run() {

try {

System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis());

Thread.sleep(3000);

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

MyThread myThread = new MyThread();

myThread.start();

myThread.join();

System.out.println("在myThread执行完后输出:" + System.currentTimeMillis());

}

}

View Code

测试结果:

1516170164683

在myThread执行完后输出:1516170167686

join和synchronized的区别

从上面的例子可以看出,join方法具有线程排队运行的作用,有些类是同步的运行效果。join和synchronized的区别是:join在内部使用wait()方法进行等待,而synchronized是使用“对象监视器”原理做为同步

join(long)和sleep(long)的区别

由于join的内部是使用wait来实现的,所以它具有释放锁的特点,而sleep没有这一特点。

源码如下:

 public final synchronized void join(long millis)

throws InterruptedException {

long base = System.currentTimeMillis();

long now = 0;

if (millis < 0) {

throw new IllegalArgumentException("timeout value is negative");

}

if (millis == 0) {

while (isAlive()) {

wait(0);

}

} else {

while (isAlive()) {

long delay = millis - now;

if (delay <= 0) {

break;

}

wait(delay);

now = System.currentTimeMillis() - base;

}

}

}

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