使用Maven构建和测试Java项目

java

我们在创建项目时要学习的是如何使用 Maven 来创建一个 Java 应用程序。现在将学习如何构建和测试应用程序。

进入到 C:\MVN 目录我们准备创建来 java应用程序。打开 consumerBanking 文件夹。看到 pom.xml 文件并打开它,内容如下。

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0

http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

<groupId>com.companyname.projectgroup</groupId>

<artifactId>project</artifactId>

<version>1.0</version>

<dependencies>

<dependency>

<groupId>junit</groupId>

<artifactId>junit</artifactId>

<version>3.8.1</version>

</dependency>

</dependencies>

</project>

在这里,你可以看到 Maven 已经添加了 Junit 测试框架。默认情况下 Maven 增加了一个源文件 App.java,以及在前面的章节中讨论的一样,默认目录结构中也有一个测试文件:AppTest.java。

现在打开命令控制台,进入到 C:\MVN\consumerBanking 目录并执行以下命令 mvn 命令。

C:\MVN\consumerBanking>mvn clean package

Maven 将开始构建这个项目,如下所示:

[INFO] Scanning for projects...

[INFO]

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

[INFO] Building consumerBanking 1.0-SNAPSHOT

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

[INFO]

[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ consumerBanking ---

[INFO] Deleting C:\MVN\consumerBanking\target

[INFO]

[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ consumerBanking ---

[WARNING] Using platform encoding (Cp1252 actually) to copy filtered resources,i.e. build is platform dependent!

[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory C:\MVN\consumerBanking\src\main\resources

[INFO]

[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ consumerBanking ---

[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!

[WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding Cp1252, i.e. build is platform dependent!

[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to C:\MVN\consumerBanking\target\classes

[INFO]

[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ consumerBanking ---

[WARNING] Using platform encoding (Cp1252 actually) to copy filtered resources,

i.e. build is platform dependent!

[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory C:\MVN\consumerBanking\src\test\resources

[INFO]

[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ consumerBanking ---

[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!

[WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding Cp1252, i.e. b

uild is platform dependent!

[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to C:\MVN\consumerBanking\target\test-classes

[INFO]

[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ consumerBanking ---

[INFO] Surefire report directory: C:\MVN\consumerBanking\target\surefire-reports

-------------------------------------------------------

T E S T S

-------------------------------------------------------

Running com.companyname.bank.AppTest

Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.063 sec

Results :

Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0

[INFO]

[INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ consumerBanking ---

[INFO] Building jar: C:\MVN\consumerBanking\target\consumerBanking-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

[INFO] Total time: 14.406 s

[INFO] Finished at: 2016-09-27T17:58:06+05:30

[INFO] Final Memory: 14M/247M

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

现在我们已经建立项目,并创建生成最终 jar 文件,以下是主要一些概念介绍:

  • 我们给 maven 两个目标,首先要清理目标目录(clean),然后打包项目生成 JAR(包)输出 ;

  • 打包的 JAR 可在 consumerBanking\target 文件夹找到文件:consumerBanking-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar ;

  • 测试报告在 consumerBanking\target\surefire-reports 文件夹中;

  • Maven 编译的源代码文件,然后测试源代码文件;

  • 然后 Maven 运行测试用例;

  • 最后 Maven 创建包;

现在打开命令控制台,进入到 C:\MVN\consumerBanking\target\classes 目录,然后执行以下 java 命令。 

C:\MVN\consumerBanking\target\classes>java com.companyname.bank.App

会看到结果,如下所示:

Hello World!

添加 Java 源文件

让我们来看看如何在项目中添加额外的 Java 文件。打开 C:\MVN\consumerBanking\src\main\java\com\companyname\bank 文件夹,在其中创建一个 Util 类,其对应文件为:Util.java 文件。 

package com.companyname.bank;

public class Util

{

public static void printMessage(String message){

System.out.println(message);

}

}

更新 App 类在其中调用(使用) Util 类。如下代码所示:

package com.companyname.bank;

/**

* Hello world!

*

*/

public class App

{

public static void main( String[] args )

{

Util.printMessage("Hello World!");

}

}

现在打开命令控制台,进入到 C:\MVN\consumerBanking 目录并执行以下命令 mvn 命令。

C:\MVN\consumerBanking>mvn clean compile

Maven 构建成功后,请再进入 C:\MVN\consumerBanking\target\classes  目录,然后执行以下 java 命令。

C:\MVN\consumerBanking\target\classes>java -cp com.companyname.bank.App

看到结果如下所示:

Hello World!

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