Java:JSON解析工具-org.json
一、简介
org.json是Java常用的Json解析工具,主要提供JSONObject和JSONArray类,现在就各个类的使用解释如下。
二、准备
1.在使用org.json之前,我们应该先从该网址https://github.com/douglascrockford/JSON-java下载org.json源码,并将源码其加入到Eclipse中,即可调用。
2.查看相关的API文档,访问:https://github.com/douglascrockford/JSON-java。
https://github.com/stleary/JSON-Java-unit-test
三、讲解:
1.JSONObject:
是一个无序的键/值对集合。
它的表现形式是一个包裹在花括号的字符串,键和值之间使用冒号隔开,键值和键值之间使用逗号隔开。
内在形式是一个使用get()和opt()方法通过键来访问值,和使用put()方法通过键来添加或者替代值的对象。
值可以是任何这些类型:Boolean,JSONArray,JSONObject,Number和String,或者JOSONObject.NULL对象。
代码演示如下:
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- public static void jsonObjectTest() {
- ᅠ ᅠ JSONObject jsonobj = new JSONObject("{\'name\':\'xiazdong\',\'age\':20}");
- String name = jsonobj.getString("name");
- ᅠ ᅠ int age = jsonobj.getInt("age");
- System.out.println("name = " + name + ",age = " + age);
- }
注:JSONObject有很多optXXX方法,比如optBoolean, optString, optInt...
他们的意思是,如果这个jsonObject有这个属性,则返回这个属性,否则返回一个默认值。
2.JSONArray:
是一个有序的序列值。
它的表现形式是一个包裹在方括号的字符串,值和值之间使用逗号隔开。
内在形式是一个使用get()和opt()方法通过索引来访问值,和使用put()方法来添加或修改值的对象。
值可以是任何这些类型:Boolean,JSONArray,JSONObject,Number,和String,或者JSONObject.NULL对象。
代码演示如下:
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- public static void jsonArrayTest() {
- ᅠ ᅠ JSONArray jsonarray = new JSONArray("[{\'name\':\'xiazdong\',\'age\':20},{\'name\':\'xzdong\',\'age\':15}]");
- ᅠ ᅠ for (int i = 0; i < jsonarray.length(); i++) {
- ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠᅠJSONObject jsonobj = jsonarray.getJSONObject(i);
- String name = jsonobj.getString("name");
- int age = jsonobj.getInt("age");
- System.out.println("name = " + name + ",age = " + age);
- }
- }
嵌套的JSONObject和JSONArray代码演示如下:
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- public static void jsonObjectAndArrayTest() {
- ᅠ ᅠ String jsonstring = "{\'name\':\'xiazdong\',\'age\':20,\'book\':[\'book1\',\'book2\']}";
- ᅠ ᅠ JSONObject jsonobj = new JSONObject(jsonstring);
- String name = jsonobj.getString("name");
- ᅠ ᅠ System.out.println("name" + ":" + name);
- int age = jsonobj.getInt("age");
- System.out.println("age" + ":" + age);
- ᅠ ᅠ JSONArray jsonarray = jsonobj.getJSONArray("book");
- ᅠ ᅠ for (int i = 0; i < jsonarray.length(); i++) {
- String book = jsonarray.getString(i);
- ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ System.out.println("book" + i + ":" + book);
- }
- }
3.JSONStringer:
是一个用于快速构造JSON文本的工具
JSONWriter的子类
bject():开始一个对象,即添加{;enObject():结束一个对象,即添加}
array():开始一个数组,即添加[; endArray():结束一个数组,即添加]
key():表示添加一个key;value():表示添加一个value
代码演示如下:
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- public static void jsonStringerTest() {
- ᅠ ᅠ JSONStringer stringer = new JSONStringer();
- stringer.object().key("name").value("xiazdong").key("age").value(20).endObject();
- ᅠ ᅠ System.out.println(stringer);
- }
负载的JSON格式写演示(PrintWriter+JSONStringer可以写入JSON文件):
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- public static void jsonStringerTest2() throws FileNotFoundException {
- ᅠ ᅠ JSONStringer jsonStringer = new JSONStringer();
- ᅠ ᅠ JSONObject obj6 = new JSONObject();
- obj6.put("title", "book1").put("price", "$11");
- ᅠ ᅠ JSONObject obj3 = new JSONObject();
- obj3.put("book", obj6);
- ᅠ ᅠ obj3.put("author", new JSONObject().put("name", "author-1"));
- ᅠ ᅠ JSONObject obj5 = new JSONObject();
- obj5.put("title", "book2").put("price", "$22");
- ᅠ ᅠ JSONObject obj4 = new JSONObject();
- obj4.put("book", obj5);
- ᅠ ᅠobj4.put("author", new JSONObject().put("name", "author-2"));
- ᅠ ᅠ JSONArray obj2 = new JSONArray();
- obj2.put(obj3).put(obj4);
- ᅠ ᅠ JSONObject obj1 = new JSONObject();
- obj1.put("title", "BOOK");
- obj1.put("signing", obj2);
- jsonStringer.object().key("session").value(obj1).endObject();
- System.out.println(jsonStringer.toString());
- ᅠ ᅠ PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(new FileOutputStream("1.txt"));
- ᅠ ᅠ out.println(jsonStringer.toString());
- out.close();
- }
4.JSONTokener
它和JSONObject和JSONArray的构造函数一起使用,用于解析JSON源字符串
代码演示如下(JSONObject+JSONTokener能够获取JSON格式文本对象):
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- public static void JSONTokenerTest() throws FileNotFoundException {
- JSONObject jsonobj = new JSONObject(new JSONTokener(new FileReader(new File("1.txt"))));
- System.out.println(jsonobj.getJSONObject("session").getJSONArray("signing").getJSONObject(1).getJSONObject("book").getString("title"));
- }
注意:在Java中,JSON格式的字符串最好用单引号表示
JSON in Java [package org.json]JSON is a light-weight, language independent, data interchange format.
See http://www.JSON.org/
The files in this package implement JSON encoders/decoders in Java.
It also includes the capability to convert between JSON and XML, HTTP
headers, Cookies, and CDL.
This is a reference implementation. There is a large number of JSON packages
in Java. Perhaps someday the Java community will standardize on one. Until
then, choose carefully.
The license includes this restriction: "The software shall be used for good,
not evil." If your conscience cannot live with that, then choose a different
package.
The package compiles on Java 1.6-1.8.
JSONObject.java: The JSONObject can parse text from a String or a JSONTokener
to produce a map-like object. The object provides methods for manipulating its
contents, and for producing a JSON compliant object serialization.
JSONArray.java: The JSONObject can parse text from a String or a JSONTokener
to produce a vector-like object. The object provides methods for manipulating
its contents, and for producing a JSON compliant array serialization.
JSONTokener.java: The JSONTokener breaks a text into a sequence of individual
tokens. It can be constructed from a String, Reader, or InputStream.
JSONException.java: The JSONException is the standard exception type thrown
by this package.
JSONPointer.java: Implementation of
[JSON Pointer (RFC 6901)](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6901). Supports
JSON Pointers both in the form of string representation and URI fragment
representation.
JSONString.java: The JSONString interface requires a toJSONString method,
allowing an object to provide its own serialization.
JSONStringer.java: The JSONStringer provides a convenient facility for
building JSON strings.
JSONWriter.java: The JSONWriter provides a convenient facility for building
JSON text through a writer.
CDL.java: CDL provides support for converting between JSON and comma
delimited lists.
Cookie.java: Cookie provides support for converting between JSON and cookies.
CookieList.java: CookieList provides support for converting between JSON and
cookie lists.
HTTP.java: HTTP provides support for converting between JSON and HTTP headers.
HTTPTokener.java: HTTPTokener extends JSONTokener for parsing HTTP headers.
XML.java: XML provides support for converting between JSON and XML.
JSONML.java: JSONML provides support for converting between JSONML and XML.
XMLTokener.java: XMLTokener extends JSONTokener for parsing XML text.
Unit tests are maintained in a separate project. Contributing developers can test
JSON-java pull requests with the code in this project:
https://github.com/stleary/JSON-Java-unit-test
package com.json;import java.text.ParseException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import org.json.JSONArray;
import org.json.JSONException;
import org.json.JSONObject;
/**
* 使用json-lib构造和解析Json数据
*
* @author Alexia
* @date 2013/5/23
*
*/
public class OrgJsonTest {
/**
* 构造Json数据
*
* @return
* @throws JSONException
*/
public static String BuildJson() throws JSONException {
// JSON格式数据解析对象
JSONObject jo = new JSONObject();
// 下面构造两个map、一个list和一个Employee对象
Map<String, String> map1 = new HashMap<String, String>();
map1.put("name", "Alexia");
map1.put("sex", "female");
map1.put("age", "23");
Map<String, String> map2 = new HashMap<String, String>();
map2.put("name", "Edward");
map2.put("sex", "male");
map2.put("age", "24");
List<Map> list = new ArrayList<Map>();
list.add(map1);
list.add(map2);
Employee employee = new Employee();
employee.setName("wjl");
employee.setSex("female");
employee.setAge(24);
// 将Map转换为JSONArray数据
JSONArray ja = new JSONArray();
ja.put(map1);
System.out.println("JSONArray对象数据格式:");
System.out.println(ja.toString());
// 将Javabean转换为Json数据(需要Map中转)
JSONObject jo1 = JsonHelper.toJSON(employee);
System.out.println("\n仅含Employee对象的Json数据格式:");
System.out.println(jo1.toString());
// 构造Json数据,包括一个map和一个含Employee对象的Json数据
jo.put("map", ja);
jo.put("employee", jo1.toString());
System.out.println("\n最终构造的JSON数据格式:");
System.out.println(jo.toString());
return jo.toString();
}
/**
* 解析Json数据
*
* @param jsonString
* Json数据字符串
* @throws JSONException
* @throws ParseException
*/
public static void ParseJson(String jsonString) throws JSONException,
ParseException {
JSONObject jo = new JSONObject(jsonString);
JSONArray ja = jo.getJSONArray("map");
System.out.println("\n将Json数据解析为Map:");
System.out.println("name: " + ja.getJSONObject(0).getString("name")
+ " sex: " + ja.getJSONObject(0).getString("sex") + " age: "
+ ja.getJSONObject(0).getInt("age"));
String jsonStr = jo.getString("employee");
Employee emp = new Employee();
JsonHelper.toJavaBean(emp, jsonStr);
System.out.println("\n将Json数据解析为Employee对象:");
System.out.println("name: " + emp.getName() + " sex: " + emp.getSex()
+ " age: " + emp.getAge());
}
/**
* @param args
* @throws JSONException
* @throws ParseException
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws JSONException, ParseException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
ParseJson(BuildJson());
}
}
运行结果如下
五、与json-lib比较
json-lib和org.json的使用几乎是相同的,我总结出的区别有两点:
1. org.json比json-lib要轻量得多,前者没有依赖任何其他jar包,而后者要依赖ezmorph和commons的lang、logging、beanutils、collections等组件
2. json-lib在构造bean和解析bean时比org.json要方便的多,json-lib可直接与bean互相转换,而org.json不能直接与bean相互转换而需要map作为中转,若将bean转为json数据,首先需要先将bean转换为map再将map转为json,比较麻烦。
总之,还是那句话—适合自己的才是最好的,大家要按需选取使用哪种方法进行解析。最后给大家介绍两款解析Json数据的工具:一是在线工具JSON Edit(http://braincast.nl/samples/jsoneditor/);另一个是Eclipse的插件JSON Tree Analyzer,都很好用,推荐给大家使用!
http://www.cnblogs.com/lanxuezaipiao/archive/2013/05/24/3096437.html
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