Java第09次实验(IO流) - 实验报告

java

我的代码

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args)

{

String fileName="d:\\testStream\\0\\student.data";

try(DataOutputStream dos=new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(fileName)))

{

Student stu1=new Student(1,"zhang",13,80);

dos.writeInt(stu1.getId());

dos.writeUTF(stu1.getName());

dos.writeInt(stu1.getAge());

dos.writeDouble(stu1.getGrade());

} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (IOException e) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

}

try(DataInputStream dis=new DataInputStream(new FileInputStream(fileName)))

{

int id=dis.readInt();

String name=dis.readUTF();

int age=dis.readInt();

double grade=dis.readDouble();

Student stu=new Student(id,name,age,grade);

System.out.println(stu);

} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (IOException e) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

我的总结

一、 使用DataOutputStream与FileOutputStream将Student对象写入二进制文件student.data

  1. 二进制文件与文本文件的区别

  • 二进制文件可以存储int/double/char..等基本数据类型,文本文件只能存储char型变量。因此文本文件在读取或存储过程中常需要用到类型转换(类似parseInt)

2.try...catch...finally注意事项

  • catch多个异常时要注意异常写的先后顺序,总体来说越大的(父类)异常要放越后面。可以直接使用eclipse的提示功能直接自己生成异常,方便又不会出错。

3.使用try..with...resouces关闭资源

  • 是jdk8新的语法,可以直接在try(........)的括号中定义最后要关闭的资源,在运行结束后会自动关闭,不需要传统地在finally中关闭资源。用法详见上面代码块。


1. 字符流与文本文件

我的代码

任务1

String fileName="d:\\testStream\\1\\Students.txt";

List<Student> studentList = new ArrayList<>();

try(

FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream(fileName);

InputStreamReader isr=new InputStreamReader(fis, "UTF-8");

BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(isr))

{

String line=null;

while((line=br.readLine())!=null)

{

String[] msg=line.split("\\s+");

int id=Integer.parseInt(msg[0]);

String name=msg[1];

int age=Integer.parseInt(msg[2]);

double grade=Double.parseDouble(msg[3]);

Student stu=new Student(id,name,age,grade);

studentList.add(stu);

}

}

catch (FileNotFoundException e)

{

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

}

catch (IOException e)

{

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

}

System.out.println(studentList);


任务2

public static List<Student> readStudents(String fileName)

{

List<Student> studentList = new ArrayList<>();

try(

FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream(fileName);

InputStreamReader isr=new InputStreamReader(fis, "UTF-8");

BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(isr))

{

String line=null;

while((line=br.readLine())!=null)

{

String[] msg=line.split("\\s+");

int id=Integer.parseInt(msg[0]);

String name=msg[1];

int age=Integer.parseInt(msg[2]);

double grade=Double.parseDouble(msg[3]);

Student stu=new Student(id,name,age,grade);

studentList.add(stu);

}

}

catch (FileNotFoundException e)

{

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

}

catch (IOException e)

{

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

}

return studentList;

}

任务3

String fileName="d:\\testStream\\1\\Students.txt";

try(

FileOutputStream fos=new FileOutputStream(fileName,true);

OutputStreamWriter osw=new OutputStreamWriter(fos,"UTF-8");

PrintWriter pw=new PrintWriter(osw))

{

pw.println();

pw.print("4 一一 13 80");

} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (IOException e) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

}

任务4

String fileName1="d:\\testStream\\1\\Students.dat";

try(

FileOutputStream fos=new FileOutputStream(fileName1);

ObjectOutputStream oos=new ObjectOutputStream(fos))

{

Student ts=new Student(5,"asd",14,60);

oos.writeObject(ts);

}

catch (Exception e) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

}

try(

FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream(fileName1);

ObjectInputStream ois=new ObjectInputStream(fis))

{

Student newStudent =(Student)ois.readObject();

System.out.println(newStudent);

} catch (IOException e) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

}

我的总结

  • 在任务1、2、3中,程序生成的txt文件是指定的UTF-8编码。后续如果人为地通过系统自带的文本文档打开Students.txt并进行保存,该文本会变成UTF-8-BOM编码。这样程序再次运行时就会报错,因为指定的UTF-8跟文件实际上的UTF-8-BOM是不一样的,这个问题困扰了我一段时间,目前我的解决方法是两个:不人为保存,或者需要人为保存时用notepad++。
  • 任务3中一开始PrintWriter会直接覆盖原文件,通过查阅资料,在构造FileOutputStream时多传一个true就可以了。
  • 任务4中,一开始是让对象流写在txt中,后面发现会发生乱码。通过查阅资料知道writeObject()的作用是让实例以文件的形式保存在磁盘上,而这个文件是用二进制的形式写的,所以就让对象流的处理文件是bat格式,就没错了。

2.缓冲流

我的代码

public class Main2 {

public static void main(String[] args) {

String fileName="d:\\testStream\\2\\test.txt";

try (PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(fileName);)

{

Random random=new Random();

random.setSeed(100);

double sum=0,aver;

for (int i = 0; i < 1000_0000; i++) {

int r=random.nextInt(10);

sum+=r;

pw.println(r);

}

aver=sum/1000_0000;

System.out.format("%.5f", aver);

} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

JUNIT测试部分

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;

import java.io.*;

import java.util.*;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

class testBufferedReader {

String fileName="d:\\testStream\\2\\test.txt";

@Test

void testScanner() {

try ( FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(fileName);

Scanner sc=new Scanner(fis))

{

while(sc.hasNextInt())

{

sc.nextInt();

}

} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (IOException e1) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e1.printStackTrace();

}finally

{

System.out.println("sc end");

}

}

@Test

void testBufferedReader() {

try ( FileReader fr = new FileReader(fileName);

BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(fr))

{

String line=null;

while((line=br.readLine())!=null)

{

}

} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (IOException e1) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e1.printStackTrace();

}finally

{

System.out.println("br end");

}

}

}

我的总结

  • 生成随机数平时用的少,每次需要用时都得先找点资料,要尽量记住常见的用法。
  • 在将随机数写入文件时,如果用的是print而不是println,文本大小会是println的三分一(1000_0000字节和3000_0000字节),因为一个回车2字节,没有写回车的话junit跑出来的结果Scanner和BufferedReader的时间是差不多的,而写了回车时间差距就很大。
  • JUNIT中要测试的方法前要加上@Test


3.字节流之对象流

我的代码

public static void writeStudent(List<Student> stuList)

{

String fileName="d:\\testStream\\3\\Students.dat";

try ( FileOutputStream fos=new FileOutputStream(fileName);

ObjectOutputStream ois=new ObjectOutputStream(fos))

{

ois.writeObject(stuList);

}

catch (FileNotFoundException e) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (IOException e1) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e1.printStackTrace();

}

}

public static List<Student> readStudents(String fileName)

{

List<Student> stuList=new ArrayList<>();

try ( FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream(fileName);

ObjectInputStream ois=new ObjectInputStream(fis))

{

stuList=(List<Student>)ois.readObject();

}

catch (FileNotFoundException e) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (IOException e1) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e1.printStackTrace();

} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

}

return stuList;

}

我的总结

  • 使用对象流时,写入的是一个对象,而不是多个对象。在这里不用像用BufferedReader时一行一个Student对象地读取,而是直接读出一个集合或数组


5.文件操作

我的代码

递归

public class Main5 {

public static void main(String[] args) {

// TODO Auto-generated method stub

Path dir=Paths.get("D:\\", "testStream","5");

findFile(dir,"c.txt");

}

public static void findFile(Path dir,String fileName)

{

File file=dir.toFile();

File[] files=file.listFiles();

for(File now:files)

{

if(now.isFile())

{

if(now.getName().equals(fileName))

{

System.out.println(now.getAbsolutePath());

return;

}

}

else if(now.isDirectory())

{

findFile(now.toPath(),fileName);

}

}

}

}

队列

我的总结

  • File类和Path类可以互相转换,Path是File的升级。
  • Paths类可以直接获得Path对象,不需要new Path。


6.正则表达式

我的代码

任务1

public class Main6 {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);

Pattern pattern=Pattern.compile("^[+-]?[0-9]+(\\.\\d+)?");

Matcher matcher=null;

while(sc.hasNext())

{

String str=sc.next();

matcher=pattern.matcher(str);

System.out.println(matcher.matches());

}

sc.close();

}

}

任务2-匹配数字字符串

package javalearning;

import java.io.*;

import java.net.*;

import java.util.regex.*;

/**

* This program displays all URLs in a web page by matching a regular expression that describes the

* <a href=...> HTML tag. Start the program as <br>

* java HrefMatch URL

* @version 1.01 2004-06-04

* @author Cay Horstmann

*/

public class HrefMatch

{

public static void main(String[] args)

{

try

{

// get URL string from command line or use default

/* String urlString;

if (args.length > 0) urlString = args[0];

else urlString = "http://java.sun.com";*/

String fileName="D:\\testStream\\6\\集美大学-计算机工程学院.htm";

// open reader for URL

//InputStreamReader in = new InputStreamReader(new URL(urlString).openStream());

InputStreamReader in = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(fileName));

// read contents into string builder

StringBuilder input = new StringBuilder();

int ch;

while ((ch = in.read()) != -1)

input.append((char) ch);

String patternString = "[+-]?[0-9]+(\\.\\d+)?";

Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(patternString, Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE);

Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(input);

while (matcher.find())

{

int start = matcher.start();

int end = matcher.end();

String match = input.substring(start, end);

System.out.println(match);

}

}

catch (IOException e)

{

e.printStackTrace();

}

catch (PatternSyntaxException e)

{

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

任务2-匹配图片字符串(仅展示部分,其余同数字字符串匹配)

         String patternImgString = "img\\s[a-zA-Z]+=\".*.(gif|png|jpg|jpeg)\"";

Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(patternImgString, Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE);

Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(input);

我的总结

  • 要熟练匹配字符串平时就要多写正则表达式,匹配图片字符串的patternImgString写了一段时间,最后还是没有做到完美的匹配(特殊情况会匹配不准确)

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