Java NIO.2 —— 文件或目录拷贝操作

java

  拷贝整个文件树是可以递归每个目录和文件调用 Files.copy()方法。在使用的时候有一下注意事项。

  • 在往目录拷贝文件之前,首先要保证目录已经存在。拷贝源目录(不论是否为空)都会生成目标目录。整个任务一定在preVisitDirectory()方法中执行。
  •  visitFile()方式用来拷贝每个文件最佳的方法。
  • 在你拷贝目录或文件时,你需要决定是否要使用REPLACE_EXISTINGCOPY_ATTRIBUTES 选项。

  • 如果你想保存要拷贝的目录的属性,你需要在postVisitDirectory()方法中做此操作。
  • 如果你使用FOLLOW_LINKS选项,而在你的目录树中存在循环的链接指向父目录,这个循环将会在visitFileFailed()方法中抛出FileSystemLoopException异常。
  • 如果文件不允许访问,可以根据你自己的决定来返回FileVisitResult.CONTINUE或TERMINATE

  • 如果你指定FOLLOW_LINKS选项,则可以跟踪符号链接文件。

  下面的例子使用C:\rafaelnadal 目录拷贝到C:\rafaelnadal_copy

import java.nio.file.FileSystemLoopException;

import java.nio.file.attribute.FileTime;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.nio.file.FileVisitOption;

import java.nio.file.FileVisitResult;

import java.nio.file.FileVisitor;

import java.nio.file.Files;

import java.nio.file.Path;

import java.nio.file.Paths;

import java.nio.file.attribute.BasicFileAttributes;

import java.util.EnumSet;

import static java.nio.file.StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING;

import static java.nio.file.StandardCopyOption.COPY_ATTRIBUTES;

class CopyTree implements FileVisitor {

private final Path copyFrom;

private final Path copyTo;

public CopyTree(Path copyFrom, Path copyTo) {

this.copyFrom = copyFrom;

this.copyTo = copyTo;

}

static void copySubTree(Path copyFrom, Path copyTo) throws IOException {

try {

Files.copy(copyFrom, copyTo, REPLACE_EXISTING, COPY_ATTRIBUTES);

} catch (IOException e) {

System.err.println("Unable to copy " + copyFrom + " [" + e + "]");

}

}

@Override

public FileVisitResult postVisitDirectory(Object dir, IOException exc)

throws IOException {

if (exc == null) {

Path newdir = copyTo.resolve(copyFrom.relativize((Path) dir));

try {

FileTime time = Files.getLastModifiedTime((Path) dir);

Files.setLastModifiedTime(newdir, time);

} catch (IOException e) {

System.err.println("Unable to copy all attributes to: " + newdir+" ["+e+ "]");

}

} else {

throw exc;

}

return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;

}

@Override

public FileVisitResult preVisitDirectory(Object dir, BasicFileAttributes attrs)

throws IOException {

System.out.println("Copy directory: " + (Path) dir);

Path newdir = copyTo.resolve(copyFrom.relativize((Path) dir));

try {

Files.copy((Path) dir, newdir, REPLACE_EXISTING, COPY_ATTRIBUTES);

} catch (IOException e) {

System.err.println("Unable to create " + newdir + " [" + e + "]");

return FileVisitResult.SKIP_SUBTREE;

}

return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;

}

@Override

public FileVisitResult visitFile(Object file, BasicFileAttributes attrs)

throws IOException {

System.out.println("Copy file: " + (Path) file);

copySubTree((Path) file, copyTo.resolve(copyFrom.relativize((Path) file)));

return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;

}

@Override

public FileVisitResult visitFileFailed(Object file, IOException exc)

throws IOException {

if (exc instanceof FileSystemLoopException) {

System.err.println("Cycle was detected: " + (Path) file);

} else {

System.err.println("Error occurred, unable to copy:" +(Path) file+" ["+ exc + "]");

}

return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;

}

}

class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

Path copyFrom = Paths.get("C:/rafaelnadal");

Path copyTo = Paths.get("C:/rafaelnadal_copy");

CopyTree walk = new CopyTree(copyFrom, copyTo);

EnumSet opts = EnumSet.of(FileVisitOption.FOLLOW_LINKS);

Files.walkFileTree(copyFrom, opts, Integer.MAX_VALUE, walk);

}

}

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