python 数据压缩
zlib 压缩
import zlibimport this
s = this.s.encode(\'utf8\')*10
for i in range(10):
data = zlib.compress(s,i) #compress 接收两个参数分别是要压缩的字节和压缩等级。
de_data = zlib.decompress(data) #解压缩
print(f"data:{len(data)},s:{len(s)}")
结果如下:
data:8571,s:8560data:562,s:8560
data:560,s:8560
data:558,s:8560
data:519,s:8560
data:511,s:8560 #可以看出压缩到极限以后无法在继续压缩
data:511,s:8560
data:511,s:8560
data:511,s:8560
data:511,s:8560
这个压缩方法有一个明显的缺陷:需要有足够大的内存去存储待压缩数据和压缩后的数据。那我们是否可以每次压缩一部分呢,也是可以的
import zlibimport this
s = this.s*10
with open(\'a.txt\',\'w\') as t:
t.write(s)
com = zlib.compressobj()
with open(\'a.txt\', \'rb\') as f:
while True:
a = f.read(64)
if not a:
break
data = com.compress(a)
if data:
print(f"data:{len(data)}")
else:
print("doing....")
result = com.flush()
print(f"result:{len(result)}")
结果如下:doing....
doing....
doing....
doing....
doing....
doing....
doing....
doing....
result:515
gzip 压缩数据
gzip 和 zlib都有compress和deconpress方法,用法也是一样的,说说文件的操作把
读取压缩文件示例
import gzipwith gzip.open(\'file.txt.gz\', \'rb\') as f:
file_content = f.read()
创建压缩GZIP文件的示例:
import gzipcontent = "Lots of content here"
with gzip.open(\'file.txt.gz\', \'wb\') as f:
f.write(content)
GZIP压缩现有文件的示例:
import gzipimport shutil
with open(\'file.txt\', \'rb\') as f_in, gzip.open(\'file.txt.gz\', \'wb\') as f_out:
shutil.copyfileobj(f_in, f_out)
bz2压缩
bz2.compress
bz2.decompress
基本与zlib一样不多说
tarfile 压缩数据
如何将整个tar存档解压缩到当前工作目录:
import tarfiletar = tarfile.open("sample.tar.gz")
tar.extractall()
tar.close()
如何TarFile.extractall()使用生成器函数而不是列表来提取tar存档的子集:
import osimport tarfile
def py_files(members):
for tarinfo in members:
if os.path.splitext(tarinfo.name)[1] == ".py":
yield tarinfo
tar = tarfile.open("sample.tar.gz")
tar.extractall(members=py_files(tar))
tar.close()
如何从文件名列表创建未压缩的tar存档:
import tarfiletar = tarfile.open("sample.tar", "w")
for name in ["foo", "bar", "quux"]:
tar.add(name)
tar.close()
使用with语句的相同示例:
import tarfilewith tarfile.open("sample.tar", "w") as tar:
for name in ["foo", "bar", "quux"]:
tar.add(name)
如何阅读gzip压缩的tar存档并显示一些成员信息:
import tarfiletar = tarfile.open("sample.tar.gz", "r:gz")
for tarinfo in tar:
print tarinfo.name, "is", tarinfo.size, "bytes in size and is",
if tarinfo.isreg():
print "a regular file."
elif tarinfo.isdir():
print "a directory."
else:
print "something else."
tar.close()
如何使用以下过滤器 参数创建存档并重置用户信息TarFile.add():
import tarfiledef reset(tarinfo):
tarinfo.uid = tarinfo.gid = 0
tarinfo.uname = tarinfo.gname = "root"
return tarinfo
tar = tarfile.open("sample.tar.gz", "w:gz")
tar.add("foo", filter=reset)
tar.close()
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