python基础-类的继承

  • Z时代
  • 2024-01-10
  • 分类：综合

python

继承:承创建的新类称为“子类”或“派生类”,被继承的类称为“基类”、“父类.

　　　　继承的过程，就是从一般到特殊的过程.要实现继承，可以通过“继承”（Inheritance）和“组合”（Composition）来实现

　　　　继承概念的实现方式主要有2类：实现继承、接口继承.

　　　　实现继承是指使用基类的属性和方法而无需额外编码的能力

　　　　接口继承是指仅使用属性和方法的名称、但是子类必须提供实现的能力(子类重构爹类方法)

组合方式实现多继承

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
__author__ = 'shisanjun'
class School(object):
    def __init__(self,name):
        self.name=name
    def sayhi(self):
        print("school name",self.name)
class SchoolMember(object):
    menber=0 #公有属性
    def __init__(self,name,age,sex):
        self.name=name
        self.age=age
        self.sex=sex
        self.enrool() #每个子类都运行
    def enrool(self):
        print('%s has enroll' %self.name)
        SchoolMember.menber+=1 #累计增加，不能写this.menber+=menber这样写只会在子类调用的时候加1，没有传到父类
    def tell(self): #打印所有用户信息，实现如下
        print("-----info %s-----" %self.name)
        for v,k in self.__dict__.items(): #返回子类的 所有成员属性的字典
            print("%s:\t%s" %(v,k))
    def __del__(self):
        print("%s has del" %self.name)
        SchoolMember.menber-=1
class Teacher(SchoolMember):
    def __init__(self,name,age,sex,salary,course,school):
        #SchoolMember.__init__(self,name,age,sex) #经典类写法==SchoolMember.__init__(self,name,age,sex)
        super(Teacher,self).__init__(name,age,sex ) #新类式类写法
        self.salary=salary
        self.course=course
        self.school=school #组合继承，实现多继承
    def teach(self):
        print("school:%s teacher course %s" %(self.school.name,self.course))
class Student(SchoolMember):
    def __init__(self,name,age,sex,tuition,course):
        SchoolMember.__init__(self,name,age,sex)
        self.tuition=tuition
        self.course=course
    def pay_tuition(self):
        print("the student pay ",self.tuition)
school=School("南京大学")
t=Teacher("shi",23,"F",15000,"python",school) #组合继承，实现多继承
s=Student("san",26,'M',3000,"python")
t.teach()
"""
shi has enroll
san has enroll
school:南京大学 teacher course python
shi has del
san has del
"""

 多继承

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
__author__ = 'shisanjun'
class A(object):
    def request(self):
        print('A.request')
    def finish(self):
        print('A.finish')
class C(A):
    def request(self):
        self.process()
        print('C.request')
    def finish(self):
        print('C.finish')
class B(object):
    def request(self):
        print('B.request')
    def process(self):
        print('B.process')
        self.finish()
    def finish(self):
        print('B.finish')
class D(C, B):
    pass
obj = D()
obj.request()
"""
B.process
C.finish
C.request
"""

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