python学习之day6，常用标准模块

  • Z时代
  • 2024-01-10
  • 分类：综合

python

1.时间模块 time

 1 import  time
 2 #时间戳转字符串格式
 3 a = time.time()
 4 print(a)  #打印时间戳
 5 b = time.localtime(a)   #把时间戳转换成时间对象  元组的形式
 6 print(b)
 7 c = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",b)    #格式化时间  把事件对象转化成格式化的字符串
 8 print(c)
 9 #字符串时间转化为时间戳
10 d = time.strptime("2016-11-14 09:37:26","%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
11 print(d)
12 e = time.mktime(d)
13 print(e)
14 #时间加减
15 import datetime
16 print(datetime.datetime.now()) #返回 2016-08-19 12:47:03.941925
17 print(datetime.date.fromtimestamp(time.time()) )  # 时间戳直接转成日期格式 2016-08-19
18 print(datetime.datetime.now() )
19 print(datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(3)) #当前时间+3天
20 print(datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(-3)) #当前时间-3天
21 print(datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(hours=3)) #当前时间+3小时
22 print(datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(minutes=30)) #当前时间+30分
23 c_time  = datetime.datetime.now()
24 print(c_time.replace(minute=3,hour=2)) #时间替换

2.random模块  生成随机字符

1 import  random
2 import string
3 print( random.randint(1,2))  #包含1和2
4 print(random.randrange(1,3))  #1和2 会出现，3不会出现
5 #随机生成验证码或密码
6 str_source = string.ascii_letters + string.digits
7 suji = random.sample(str_source,8)
8 print(suji)
9 print("".join(suji))

3.shutil 模块     复制，删除，打包压缩

1 import shutil
2 #shutil.copy("time模块.py","a") #copy一个文件到另一个文件，包括文件内容和权限
3 #shutil.copytree(r"C:\Users\Administrator\Documents\Tencent Files\363572453\FileRecv\a","C:\liruixin")  #递归的复制目录
4 #shutil.rmtree("C:\liruixin") #递归的删除目录
5 #shutil.move()  #递归的移动目录
6 #tmp = shutil.make_archive("C:\svntest","zip",root_dir=r"D:\testsvn")  #压缩文件 root_dir为原文件   C盘svntest为压缩后的路径及压缩后的文件名

4.hashlib 模块   可以用来校验文件一致性

 1 import hashlib
 2 
 3 a = hashlib.md5() #生成一个对象
 4 #a.update(b"abc")  #加密
 5 #print(a.hexdigest())  #打印MD5值
 6 
 7 #校验一个文件的MD5值
 8 f = open("a")
 9 for i in f:
10     a.update(i.encode())
11 print(a.hexdigest())
12 f.close()

 5. logging 模块

 1 import logging
 2 from logging import  handlers
 3 #日志输出到屏幕
 4 # logging.warning("waring message")
 5 # logging.critical("server is down")
 6 # logging.error("have error")
 7 # logging.debug("print message")
 8 # logging.info("info")
 9 # #最简单的把日志打印到文件
10 # logging.basicConfig(filename="test.log",
11 #                     format='%(asctime)s  %(levelname)s: %(filename)s %(lineno)d  %(message)s',
12 #                     datefmt='%m/%d/%Y %I:%M:%S',
13 #                     level=logging.INFO)
14 # logging.debug("debug")
15 # logging.info("info")
16 # logging.warning("waring")
17 # logging.error("error")
18 # logging.critical("critical")
19 
20 
21 
22 #日志多输出
23 # #create logger
24 # logger = logging.getLogger("test.log")
25 # logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
26 # #create console handler and set level to debug
27 # ch = logging.StreamHandler()
28 # ch.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
29 # #create file handler and set level to waring
30 # fh = logging.FileHandler("out.log",encoding="utf-8")
31 # fh.setLevel(logging.WARNING)
32 #日志格式
33 # fh_formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s  %(filename)s:%(lineno)d   - %(levelname)s: %(message)s')
34 # ch_formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s  %(filename)s:%(lineno)d   - %(levelname)s: %(message)s')
35 # #把日志格式加到handler中
36 # fh.setFormatter(fh_formatter)
37 # ch.setFormatter(ch_formatter)
38 #写明要输出的地方
39 # logger.addHandler(fh)
40 # logger.addHandler(ch)
41 #执行打印日志
42 # logger.debug("I am debug")
43 # logger.error("I am error")
44 
45 ###日志文件自动截断####
46 #测试按时间截断
47 # logger = logging.getLogger("test")
48 # log_file = "time_log.log"
49 # fh = handlers.RotatingFileHandler("data.log",maxBytes=2,backupCount=4,encoding="utf-8")
50 # fh = handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler(filename=log_file,when="s",interval=3,backupCount=2,encoding="utf-8") #按时间截断
51 # formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s %(filename)s :%(lineno)d %(message)s')
52 # fh.setFormatter(formatter)
53 # logger.addHandler(fh)
54 # import time
55 # logger.error("error1")
56 # time.sleep(2)
57 # logger.error("error2")
58 # time.sleep(6)
59 # logger.error("error3")
60 
61 # #测试按文件大小截断
62 # logger = logging.getLogger("test")
63 # log_file = "data_log.log"
64 # fh = handlers.RotatingFileHandler("data.log",maxBytes=2,backupCount=4,encoding="utf-8")
65 # formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s %(filename)s :%(lineno)d %(message)s')
66 # fh.setFormatter(formatter)
67 # logger.addHandler(fh)
68 # logger.error("error1,error2,error3,error4,")
69 # logger.warning("waring")
70 
71 ###详细请参考博客 http://www.cnblogs.com/alex3714/articles/5161349.html

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