Django REST framework+Vue 打造生鲜超市(六)

vue

七、用户登录与手机注册

7.1.drf的token

(1)INSTALL_APP中添加

INSTALLED_APPS = (

...

'rest_framework.authtoken'

)

token会生成一张表authtoken_token,所以要运行migrations和migrate

(2)url配置

from rest_framework.authtoken import views

urlpatterns = [

# token

path('api-token-auth/', views.obtain_auth_token)

]

(3)postman发送数据

token值会保存到数据中,跟这个用户相关联

(4)客户端身份验证

对于客户端进行身份验证,令牌密钥应包含在 Authorization HTTP header 中。关键字应以字符串文字 “Token” 为前缀,用空格分隔两个字符串。例如:

Authorization: Token 9944b09199c62bcf9418ad846dd0e4bbdfc6ee4b

注意: 如果您想在 header 中使用不同的关键字(例如 Bearer),只需子类化 TokenAuthentication 并设置 keyword 类变量。

如果成功通过身份验证,TokenAuthentication 将提供以下凭据。

  • request.user 是一个 Django User 实例.
  • request.auth 是一个 rest_framework.authtoken.models.Token 实例.

未经身份验证的响应被拒绝将导致 HTTP 401 Unauthorized 的响应和相应的 WWW-Authenticate header。例如:

WWW-Authenticate: Token

要想获取request.user和request.auth还要在settings中添加

REST_FRAMEWORK = {

'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES': (

'rest_framework.authentication.BasicAuthentication',

'rest_framework.authentication.SessionAuthentication',

'rest_framework.authentication.TokenAuthentication'

)

}

drf的token缺点

  • 保存在数据库中,如果是一个分布式的系统,就非常麻烦
  • token永久有效,没有过期时间。

7.2.json web token方式完成用户认证

使用方法:http://getblimp.github.io/django-rest-framework-jwt/

(1)安装

pip install djangorestframework-jwt

(2)使用

REST_FRAMEWORK = {

'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES': (

'rest_framework.authentication.BasicAuthentication',

'rest_framework.authentication.SessionAuthentication',

'rest_framework_jwt.authentication.JSONWebTokenAuthentication',

)

}

(3)url

 # jwt的token认证接口

path('jwt-auth/', obtain_jwt_token )

(4)postman

post形式:http://127.0.0.1:8000/jwt-auth/

Now in order to access protected api urls you must include the Authorization: JWT header.

$ curl -H "Authorization: JWT <your_token>" http://localhost:8000/protected-url/

7.3.vue和jwt接口调试

vue中登录接口是login

//登录

export const login = params => {

return axios.post(`${local_host}/login/`, params)

}

后台的接口跟前端要一致

urlpatterns = [

# jwt的认证接口

path('login/', obtain_jwt_token )

]

现在就可以登录了

jwt接口它默认采用的是用户名和密码登录验证,如果用手机登录的话,就会验证失败,所以我们需要自定义一个用户验证

自定义用户认证

(1)settings中配置

AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS = (

'users.views.CustomBackend',

)

(2)users/views.py

# users.views.py

from django.contrib.auth.backends import ModelBackend

from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model

from django.db.models import Q

User = get_user_model()

class CustomBackend(ModelBackend):

"""

自定义用户验证

"""

def authenticate(self, username=None, password=None, **kwargs):

try:

#用户名和手机都能登录

user = User.objects.get(

Q(username=username) | Q(mobile=username))

if user.check_password(password):

return user

except Exception as e:

return None

(3)JWT有效时间设置

settings中配置

import datetime

#有效期限

JWT_AUTH = {

'JWT_EXPIRATION_DELTA': datetime.timedelta(days=7), #也可以设置seconds=20

'JWT_AUTH_HEADER_PREFIX': 'JWT', #JWT跟前端保持一致,比如“token”这里设置成JWT

}

7.4.云片网发送短信验证码

(1)注册

“开发认证”-->>“签名管理”-->>“模板管理”

还要添加iP白名单,测试就用本地ip,部署的时候一定要换成服务器的ip

(2)发送验证码

apps下新建utils文件夹。再新建yunpian.py,代码如下:

# apps/utils/yunpian.py

import requests

import json

class YunPian(object):

def __init__(self, api_key):

self.api_key = api_key

self.single_send_url = "https://sms.yunpian.com/v2/sms/single_send.json"

def send_sms(self, code, mobile):

#需要传递的参数

parmas = {

"apikey": self.api_key,

"mobile": mobile,

"text": "【慕雪生鲜超市】您的验证码是{code}。如非本人操作,请忽略本短信".format(code=code)

}

response = requests.post(self.single_send_url, data=parmas)

re_dict = json.loads(response.text)

return re_dict

if __name__ == "__main__":

#例如:9b11127a9701975c734b8aee81ee3526

yun_pian = YunPian("2e87d1xxxxxx7d4bxxxx1608f7c6da23exxxxx2")

yun_pian.send_sms("2018", "手机号码")

7.5.drf实现发送短信验证码接口

手机号验证:

  • 是否合法
  • 是否已经注册

(1)settings.py

# 手机号码正则表达式

REGEX_MOBILE = "^1[358]\d{9}$|^147\d{8}$|^176\d{8}$"

(2)users下新建serializers.py,代码如下:

# users/serializers.py

import re

from datetime import datetime, timedelta

from MxShop.settings import REGEX_MOBILE

from users.models import VerifyCode

from rest_framework import serializers

from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model

User = get_user_model()

class SmsSerializer(serializers.Serializer):

mobile = serializers.CharField(max_length=11)

#函数名必须:validate + 验证字段名

def validate_mobile(self, mobile):

"""

手机号码验证

"""

# 是否已经注册

if User.objects.filter(mobile=mobile).count():

raise serializers.ValidationError("用户已经存在")

# 是否合法

if not re.match(REGEX_MOBILE, mobile):

raise serializers.ValidationError("手机号码非法")

# 验证码发送频率

#60s内只能发送一次

one_mintes_ago = datetime.now() - timedelta(hours=0, minutes=1, seconds=0)

if VerifyCode.objects.filter(add_time__gt=one_mintes_ago, mobile=mobile).count():

raise serializers.ValidationError("距离上一次发送未超过60s")

return mobile

(3)APIKEY加到settings里面

#云片网APIKEY

APIKEY = "xxxxx327d4be01608xxxxxxxxxx"

(4)views后台逻辑

我们要重写CreateModelMixin的create方法,下面是源码:

class CreateModelMixin(object):

"""

Create a model instance.

"""

def create(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

serializer = self.get_serializer(data=request.data)

serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)

self.perform_create(serializer)

headers = self.get_success_headers(serializer.data)

return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED, headers=headers)

def perform_create(self, serializer):

serializer.save()

def get_success_headers(self, data):

try:

return {'Location': str(data[api_settings.URL_FIELD_NAME])}

except (TypeError, KeyError):

return {}

需要加上自己的逻辑

users/views.py

from rest_framework.mixins import CreateModelMixin

from rest_framework import viewsets

from .serializers import SmsSerializer

from rest_framework.response import Response

from rest_framework import status

from utils.yunpian import YunPian

from MxShop.settings import APIKEY

from random import choice

from .models import VerifyCode

class SmsCodeViewset(CreateModelMixin,viewsets.GenericViewSet):

'''

手机验证码

'''

serializer_class = SmsSerializer

def generate_code(self):

"""

生成四位数字的验证码

"""

seeds = "1234567890"

random_str = []

for i in range(4):

random_str.append(choice(seeds))

return "".join(random_str)

def create(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

serializer = self.get_serializer(data=request.data)

#验证合法

serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)

mobile = serializer.validated_data["mobile"]

yun_pian = YunPian(APIKEY)

#生成验证码

code = self.generate_code()

sms_status = yun_pian.send_sms(code=code, mobile=mobile)

if sms_status["code"] != 0:

return Response({

"mobile": sms_status["msg"]

}, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)

else:

code_record = VerifyCode(code=code, mobile=mobile)

code_record.save()

return Response({

"mobile": mobile

}, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)

云片网单条短信发送的使用说明:


(5)配置url

from users.views import SmsCodeViewset

# 配置codes的url

router.register(r'code', SmsCodeViewset, base_name="code")

开始验证

输入不合法的手机号

输入合法的手机号

会返回输入的手机号码,并受到短信验证码

7.6.user serializer 和validator验证

完成注册的接口

用户注册需要填写手机号,验证码和密码,相当于create model操作,所以继承CreateModelMixin

(1)修改UserProfile中mobile字段

mobile = models.CharField("电话",max_length=11,null=True, blank=True)

设置允许为空,因为前端只有一个值,是username,所以mobile可以为空

(2)users/serializers.py

代码里面我都写好了注释,就不再重复解释了

class UserRegSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

'''

用户注册

'''

#UserProfile中没有code字段,这里需要自定义一个code序列化字段

code = serializers.CharField(required=True, write_only=True, max_length=4, min_length=4,

error_messages={

"blank": "请输入验证码",

"required": "请输入验证码",

"max_length": "验证码格式错误",

"min_length": "验证码格式错误"

},

help_text="验证码")

#验证用户名是否存在

username = serializers.CharField(label="用户名", help_text="用户名", required=True, allow_blank=False,

validators=[UniqueValidator(queryset=User.objects.all(), message="用户已经存在")])

#验证code

def validate_code(self, code):

# 用户注册,已post方式提交注册信息,post的数据都保存在initial_data里面

#username就是用户注册的手机号,验证码按添加时间倒序排序,为了后面验证过期,错误等

verify_records = VerifyCode.objects.filter(mobile=self.initial_data["username"]).order_by("-add_time")

if verify_records:

# 最近的一个验证码

last_record = verify_records[0]

# 有效期为五分钟。

five_mintes_ago = datetime.now() - timedelta(hours=0, minutes=5, seconds=0)

if five_mintes_ago > last_record.add_time:

raise serializers.ValidationError("验证码过期")

if last_record.code != code:

raise serializers.ValidationError("验证码错误")

else:

raise serializers.ValidationError("验证码错误")

# 所有字段。attrs是字段验证合法之后返回的总的dict

def validate(self, attrs):

#前端没有传mobile值到后端,这里添加进来

attrs["mobile"] = attrs["username"]

#code是自己添加得,数据库中并没有这个字段,验证完就删除掉

del attrs["code"]

return attrs

class Meta:

model = User

fields = ('username','code','mobile')

(3)users/views.py

class UserViewset(CreateModelMixin,viewsets.GenericViewSet):

'''

用户

'''

serializer_class = UserRegSerializer

(4)配置url

router.register(r'users', UserViewset, base_name="users")

测试代码:

  • 输入已经存在的用户名
  • 不输入验证码

7.7.django信号量实现用户密码修改

(1)完善用户注册

添加一条用户短信验证码数据之后进行验证。

user/views.py

class UserViewset(CreateModelMixin,viewsets.GenericViewSet):

'''

用户

'''

serializer_class = UserRegSerializer

queryset = User.objects.all()

user/serializer.py添加

 fields = ('username','code','mobile','password')

(2)password不能明文显示和加密保存

需要重载Create方法

 #输入密码的时候不显示明文

password = serializers.CharField(

style={'input_type': 'password'},label=True,write_only=True

)

#密码加密保存

def create(self, validated_data):

user = super(UserRegSerializer, self).create(validated_data=validated_data)

user.set_password(validated_data["password"])

user.save()

return user

这是重载Create方法,下面介绍如何用信号量来实现

信号量

(1)users下面创建signals.py

# users/signals.py

from django.db.models.signals import post_save

from django.dispatch import receiver

from rest_framework.authtoken.models import Token

from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model

User = get_user_model()

# post_save:接收信号的方式

#sender: 接收信号的model

@receiver(post_save, sender=User)

def create_user(sender, instance=None, created=False, **kwargs):

# 是否新建,因为update的时候也会进行post_save

if created:

password = instance.password

#instance相当于user

instance.set_password(password)

instance.save()

(2)还需要重载配置

users/apps.py

# users/apps.py

from django.apps import AppConfig

class UsersConfig(AppConfig):

name = 'users'

verbose_name = "用户管理"

def ready(self):

import users.signals

AppConfig自定义的函数,会在django启动时被运行

现在添加用户的时候,密码就会自动加密存储了

7.8.vue和注册功能联调

生成token的两个重要步骤,一是payload,二是encode

users/views.py

class UserViewset(CreateModelMixin,viewsets.GenericViewSet):

'''

用户

'''

serializer_class = UserRegSerializer

queryset = User.objects.all()

def create(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

serializer = self.get_serializer(data=request.data)

serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)

user = self.perform_create(serializer)

re_dict = serializer.data

payload = jwt_payload_handler(user)

re_dict["token"] = jwt_encode_handler(payload)

re_dict["name"] = user.name if user.name else user.username

headers = self.get_success_headers(serializer.data)

return Response(re_dict, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED, headers=headers)

def perform_create(self, serializer):

return serializer.save()

接口写好后,接下来测试

输入合法的手机号,会发送验证码到手机上,然后输入验证码和密码,登录成功

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