Spring3系列9- Spring AOP——Advice
本文内容纲要:
- Spring3系列9- Spring AOP——Advice- 1. Before Advice
- 2. After Returning Advice
- 3. Afetr Throwing Advice
- 4. Around Advice
Spring3系列9- Spring AOP——Advice
Spring AOP即Aspect-oriented programming,面向切面编程,是作为面向对象编程的一种补充,专门用于处理系统中分布于各个模块(不同方法)中的交叉关注点的问题。简单地说,就是一个拦截器(interceptor)拦截一些处理过程。例如,当一个method被执行,Spring AOP能够劫持正在运行的method,在method执行前或者后加入一些额外的功能。
在Spring AOP中,支持4中类型的通知(Advice)
Before advice ——method执行前通知
After returning advice ——method返回一个结果后通知
After throwing advice – method抛出异常后通知
Around advice – 环绕通知,结合了以上三种
下边这个例子解释Spring AOP怎样工作。
首先一个简单的不使用AOP的例子。
先创建一个简单的Service,为了稍后演示,这个类中加了几个简单的打印method。
CustomerService.java如下:
package com.lei.demo.aop.advice;public class CustomerService {
    private String name;
    private String url;
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public void setUrl(String url) {
        this.url = url;
    }
    public void printName() {
        System.out.println("Customer name : " + this.name);
    }
    public void printURL() {
        System.out.println("Customer website : " + this.url);
    }
    public void printThrowException() {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException();
    }
}
Xml配置文件Apring-AOP-Advice.xml如下:
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">
    <bean id="customerService" class="com.lei.demo.aop.advice.CustomerService">
        <property name="name" value="LeiOOLei" />
        <property name="url" value="http://www.cnblogs.com/leiOOlei/" />
    </bean>
</beans>
运行以下代码App.java:
package com.lei.demo.aop.advice;import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class App {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext appContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
                new String[] { "Spring-AOP-Advice.xml" });
        CustomerService cust = (CustomerService) appContext.getBean("customerService");
        System.out.println("*************************");
        cust.printName();
        System.out.println("*************************");
        cust.printURL();
        System.out.println("*************************");
        try {
            cust.printThrowException();
        } catch (Exception e) {
        }
    }
}
运行结果:
*************************
Customer name : LeiOOLei
*************************
Customer website : http://www.cnblogs.com/leiOOlei/
*************************
1. Before Advice
创建一个实现了接口MethodBeforeAdvice的class,method运行前,将运行下边的代码
HijackBeforeMethod.java如下:
package com.lei.demo.aop.advice;import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import org.springframework.aop.MethodBeforeAdvice;
public class HijackBeforeMethod implements MethodBeforeAdvice {
    public void before(Method arg0, Object[] args, Object target)
            throws Throwable {
        System.out.println("HijackBeforeMethod : Before method hijacked!");
    }
}
在配置文件中加入新的bean配置HijackBeforeMethod,然后创建一个新的代理(proxy),命名为customerServiceProxy。
“target”定义你想劫持哪个bean;
“interceptorNames”定义你想用哪个class(advice)劫持target。
Apring-AOP-Advice.xml如下:
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">
    <bean id="customerService" class="com.lei.demo.aop.advice.CustomerService">
        <property name="name" value="LeiOOLei" />
        <property name="url" value="http://www.cnblogs.com/leiOOlei/" />
    </bean>
    <bean id="hijackBeforeMethodBean" class="com.lei.demo.aop.advice.HijackBeforeMethod" />
    <bean id="customerServiceProxy" class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean">
        <property name="target" ref="customerService" />
        <property name="interceptorNames">
            <list>
                <value>hijackBeforeMethodBean</value>
            </list>
        </property>
    </bean>
</beans>
注意:
用Spring proxy之前,必须添加CGLIB2类库,,以下是pom.xml依赖
  <dependency>        <groupId>cglib</groupId>
        <artifactId>cglib</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.2</version>
    </dependency>
运行如下代码,注意代理
App.java如下
package com.lei.demo.aop.advice;import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class App {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext appContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
                new String[] { "Spring-AOP-Advice.xml" });
        CustomerService cust = (CustomerService) appContext.getBean("customerServiceProxy");
        System.out.println("使用Spring AOP 如下");
        System.out.println("*************************");
        cust.printName();
        System.out.println("*************************");
        cust.printURL();
        System.out.println("*************************");
        try {
            cust.printThrowException();
        } catch (Exception e) {
        }
    }
}
输出结果:
使用Spring AOP 如下
*************************
HijackBeforeMethod : Before method hijacked!
Customer name : LeiOOLei
*************************
HijackBeforeMethod : Before method hijacked!
Customer website : http://www.cnblogs.com/leiOOlei/
*************************
HijackBeforeMethod : Before method hijacked!
每一个customerService的method运行前,都将先执行HijackBeforeMethod的before方法。
2. After Returning Advice
创建一个实现了接口AfterReturningAdvice的class,method运行后,直到返回结果后,才运行下边的代码,如果没有返回结果,将不运行切入的代码。
HijackAfterMethod.java如下:
package com.lei.demo.aop.advice;import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import org.springframework.aop.AfterReturningAdvice;
public class HijackAfterMethod implements AfterReturningAdvice {
    public void afterReturning(Object returnValue, Method method, Object[] args,
            Object target) throws Throwable {
        System.out.println("HijackAfterMethod : After method hijacked!");
    }
}
修改bean配置文件,加入hijackAfterMethodBean配置,Apring-AOP-Advice.xml如下:
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">
    <bean id="customerService" class="com.lei.demo.aop.advice.CustomerService">
        <property name="name" value="LeiOOLei" />
        <property name="url" value="http://www.cnblogs.com/leiOOlei/" />
    </bean>
    <bean id="hijackBeforeMethodBean" class="com.lei.demo.aop.advice.HijackBeforeMethod" />
    <bean id="hijackAfterMethodBean" class="com.lei.demo.aop.advice.HijackAfterMethod" />
    <bean id="customerServiceProxy" class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean">
        <property name="target" ref="customerService" />
        <property name="interceptorNames">
            <list>
                <value>hijackAfterMethodBean</value>
            </list>
        </property>
    </bean>
</beans>
现在再运行App.java后输出如下:
使用Spring AOP 如下
*************************
Customer name : LeiOOLei
HijackAfterMethod : After method hijacked!
*************************
Customer website : http://www.cnblogs.com/leiOOlei/
HijackAfterMethod : After method hijacked!
*************************
可以看到输出结果,每一个customerService的method运行返回结果后,都将再执行HijackAfterMethod的afterReturning方法。但是执行到cust.printThrowException()后,直接抛出异常,方法没有正常执行完毕(或者说没有返回结果),所以不运行切入的afterReturning方法。
3. Afetr Throwing Advice
创建一个实现了ThrowsAdvice接口的class,劫持IllegalArgumentException异常,目标method运行时,抛出IllegalArgumentException异常后,运行切入的方法。
HijackThrowException.java如下:
package com.lei.demo.aop.advice;import org.springframework.aop.ThrowsAdvice;
import sun.awt.SunToolkit.IllegalThreadException;
public class HijackThrowException implements ThrowsAdvice {
    public void afterThrowing(IllegalArgumentException e) throws Throwable {
        System.out.println("HijackThrowException : Throw exception hijacked!");
    }
}
修改bean配置文件,加入了hijackThrowExceptionBean,Apring-AOP-Advice.xml如下:
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">
    <bean id="customerService" class="com.lei.demo.aop.advice.CustomerService">
        <property name="name" value="LeiOOLei" />
        <property name="url" value="http://www.cnblogs.com/leiOOlei/" />
    </bean>
    <bean id="hijackBeforeMethodBean" class="com.lei.demo.aop.advice.HijackBeforeMethod" />
    <bean id="hijackAfterMethodBean" class="com.lei.demo.aop.advice.HijackAfterMethod" />
    <bean id="hijackThrowExceptionBean" class="com.lei.demo.aop.advice.HijackThrowException" />
    <bean id="customerServiceProxy" class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean">
        <property name="target" ref="customerService" />
        <property name="interceptorNames">
            <list>
                <value>hijackThrowExceptionBean</value>
            </list>
        </property>
    </bean>
</beans>
运行结果如下:
使用Spring AOP 如下
*************************
Customer name : LeiOOLei
*************************
Customer website : http://www.cnblogs.com/leiOOlei/
*************************
HijackThrowException : Throw exception hijacked!
当运行CustomerService中的printThrowException方法时,认为的抛出IllegalArgumentException异常,被HijackThrowException截获,运行其中的afterThrowing方法。注意,如果抛出异常不是IllegalArgumentException,则不能被截获。
4. Around Advice
结合了以上3种形式的Advice,创建一个实现了接口MethodInterceptor的class,你必须通过methodInvocation.proceed()来调用原来的方法,即通过调用methodInvocation.proceed()来调用CustomerService中的每一个方法,当然也可以不调用原方法。
HijackAroundMethod.java如下:
package com.lei.demo.aop.advice;import java.util.Arrays;
import org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInterceptor;
import org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInvocation;
public class HijackAroundMethod implements MethodInterceptor {
    public Object invoke(MethodInvocation methodInvocation) throws Throwable {
        System.out.println("Method name : "
                + methodInvocation.getMethod().getName());
        System.out.println("Method arguments : "
                + Arrays.toString(methodInvocation.getArguments()));
        // 相当于  MethodBeforeAdvice
        System.out.println("HijackAroundMethod : Before method hijacked!");
        try {
            // 调用原方法,即调用CustomerService中的方法
            Object result = methodInvocation.proceed();
            // 相当于 AfterReturningAdvice
            System.out.println("HijackAroundMethod : After method hijacked!");
            return result;
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
            // 相当于 ThrowsAdvice
            System.out.println("HijackAroundMethod : Throw exception hijacked!");
            throw e;
        }
    }
}
修改bean配置文件,加入了hijackAroundMethodBean,Apring-AOP-Advice.xml如下:
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">
    <bean id="customerService" class="com.lei.demo.aop.advice.CustomerService">
        <property name="name" value="LeiOOLei" />
        <property name="url" value="http://www.cnblogs.com/leiOOlei/" />
    </bean>
    <bean id="hijackBeforeMethodBean" class="com.lei.demo.aop.advice.HijackBeforeMethod" />
    <bean id="hijackAfterMethodBean" class="com.lei.demo.aop.advice.HijackAfterMethod" />
    <bean id="hijackThrowExceptionBean" class="com.lei.demo.aop.advice.HijackThrowException" />
    <bean id="hijackAroundMethodBean" class="com.lei.demo.aop.advice.HijackAroundMethod" />
    <bean id="customerServiceProxy" class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean">
        <property name="target" ref="customerService" />
        <property name="interceptorNames">
            <list>
                <value>hijackAroundMethodBean</value>
            </list>
        </property>
    </bean>
</beans>
执行App.java,输出结果:
使用Spring AOP 如下
*************************
Method name : printName
Method arguments : []
HijackAroundMethod : Before method hijacked!
Customer name : LeiOOLei
HijackAroundMethod : After method hijacked!
*************************
Method name : printURL
Method arguments : []
HijackAroundMethod : Before method hijacked!
Customer website : http://www.cnblogs.com/leiOOlei/
HijackAroundMethod : After method hijacked!
*************************
Method name : printThrowException
Method arguments : []
HijackAroundMethod : Before method hijacked!
HijackAroundMethod : Throw exception hijacked!
CustomerService中每一个方法的调用,都会执行HijackAroundMethod中的invoke方法,可以看到整个切入点将目标around。
大多数的Spring开发者只用Around Advice,因为它能够实现所有类型的Advice。在实际的项目开发中,我们还是要尽量选择适合的Advice。
在以上的例子中,CustomerService中的所有方法都被自动拦截,但是大多数情况下,我们不需要拦截一个class中的所有方法,而是拦截符合条件的方法。这时,我们就需要用到Pointcut and Advice,即切入点和通知,以后的章节中会逐渐介绍。
本文内容总结:Spring3系列9- Spring AOP——Advice,1. Before Advice,2. After Returning Advice,3. Afetr Throwing Advice,4. Around Advice,
原文链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/leiOOlei/p/3556054.html
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