Spring系列(二):Spring IoC应用

本文内容纲要:

- 一、Spring IoC的核心概念

- 二、Spring IoC的应用

-   1、定义Bean的信息

-   2、Spring IoC常用注解使用

一、Spring IoC的核心概念

  IoC(Inversion of Control 控制反转),详细的概念见**Spring系列(一):Spring核心概念**

二、Spring IoC的应用

  1、定义Bean的信息

    1.1 基于xml的形式定义Bean的信息

    ① 新建一个Bean: 

package com.toby.ioc.component;

/**

* @desc:

* @author: toby

* @date: 2019/7/13 1:49

*/

public class TobyBean{

public TobyBean(){

System.out.println("TobyBean Constructor");

}

}

    ② 在resources下面新建一个spring.xml

    

    xml配置如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans

http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

<bean id="tobyBean" class="com.toby.ioc.component.TobyBean"/>

</beans>

    ③ 写一个测试类进行测试

package com.toby.ioc.xml;

import com.toby.ioc.component.TobyBean;

import org.junit.Before;

import org.junit.Test;

import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

/**

* @desc: 基于xml

* @author: toby

* @date: 2019/8/6 17:36

*/

public class XmlTest {

private ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context;

@Before

public void before(){

context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring.xml");

}

@Test

public void test(){

TobyBean tobyBean = context.getBean(TobyBean.class);

System.out.println(tobyBean);

}

}

    总结:由于现在基本基于spring boot 约定大于配置,而且大量的xml配置也不易于维护,所以这里就简单介绍下基于xml的原理:首先读取资源配置文件,然后解析成BeanDefinition,最后利用反射进行相应的实例化操作。我们接下来重点讲解基于注解的方式

    1.2 基于读取配置类的形式定义Bean信息

    ① 同上面基于xml一样,需要一个Bean

    ② 新建一个配置类定义相应的Bean信息

package com.toby.ioc.config;

import com.toby.ioc.component.TobyBean;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.*;

/**

* @desc: ioc config 类

* @author: toby

* @date: 2019/7/13 1:10

*/

@Configuration

public class IocConfig {

@Bean

public TobyBean tobyBean(){

return new TobyBean();

}

}

    ③ 写一个测试类进行测试

package com.toby.ioc.configuration;

import com.toby.ioc.config.IocConfig;

import org.junit.Before;

import org.junit.Test;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;

/**

* @desc: 基于配置类

* @author: toby

* @date: 2019/8/6 17:59

*/

public class ConfigurationTest {

private AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context;

@Before

public void before(){

context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(IocConfig.class);

}

@Test

public void test(){

System.out.println(context.getBean("tobyBean"));

}

}

  2、Spring IoC常用注解使用

    2.1 @Configuration 相当于 xml配置的

    2.2 @Bean 相当于 xml配置的

    默认(单实例 延迟加载)

package com.toby.ioc.config;

import com.toby.ioc.component.TobyBean;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.*;

/**

* @desc: ioc config 类

* @author: toby

* @date: 2019/7/13 1:10

*/

@Configuration

public class IocConfig {

@Bean

public TobyBean tobyBean(){

return new TobyBean();

}

}   

    配置Bean的作用域

    ① 在不指定@Scope的情况下,所有的bean都是单实例的bean,而且是饿汉加载(容器启动实例就创建好了)

    ② @Scope为prototype表示为多实例的,而且还是懒汉模式加载(IOC容器启动的时候,并不会创建对象,而是在每次使用的时候才会创建)注意:当指定多例的时候是无法解决循环依赖的后续源码会分析

@Configuration

public class IocConfig {

@Bean

@Scope("prototype")

public TobyBean tobyBean(){

return new TobyBean();

}

}

    如何测试是否多实例:

public class IocMain {

public static void main(String[] args) {

AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(IocConfig.class);

TobyBean tobyBean1 = context.getBean(TobyBean.class);

TobyBean tobyBean2 = context.getBean(TobyBean.class);

//单例返回true 多例返回false

System.out.println(tobyBean1 == tobyBean2);

}

}

    ③ @Scope指定的作用域取值:singleton 单实例的(默认),prototype 多实例的,request 同一次请求,session 同一个会话级别

    Bean的懒加载@Lazy

    Bean的懒加载@Lazy(主要针对单实例的bean在容器启动的时候,不创建对象,而在第一次使用的时候才会创建该对象,多实例bean没有懒加载一说)

@Configuration

public class IocConfig {

@Bean

@Lazy

public TobyBean tobyBean(){

return new TobyBean();

}

}

    2.3 @CompentScan 包扫描(重点)

**    **在配置类上写@CompentScan注解来进行包扫描

    ① 常规用法:这样在basePackages包下面具有@Controller @Service @Repository @Component注解的组件都会被加载到spring容器中

@Configuration

@ComponentScan(basePackages = {"com.toby.ioc"})

public class IocConfig {

}

    ② 排除用法:excludeFilters(排除@Controller注解和TobyService)

@Configuration

@ComponentScan(basePackages = {"com.toby.ioc"},excludeFilters = {

@ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.ANNOTATION,value = {Controller.class}),

@ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.ASSIGNABLE_TYPE,value = {TobyService.class})

})

public class IocConfig {

}

    ③ 包含用法:includeFilters,注意:若使用包含,需要把useDefaultFilters属性设置为false(true表示扫描全部的),后续源码解析会说到这个原因

@Configuration

@ComponentScan(basePackages = {"com.toby.ioc"},includeFilters = {

@ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.ANNOTATION,value = {Controller.class, Service.class})

},useDefaultFilters = false)

public class IocConfig {

}

    ④ 自定义Filter用法:

    自定义一个TobyTypeFilter实现TypeFilter

public class TobyTypeFilter implements TypeFilter {

@Override

public boolean match(MetadataReader metadataReader, MetadataReaderFactory metadataReaderFactory) throws IOException {

//获取当前类的class的源信息

ClassMetadata classMetadata = metadataReader.getClassMetadata();

//类名称中包含Dao就可以被扫描到

if(classMetadata.getClassName().contains("Dao")) {

return true;

}

return false;

}

}

    配置类:

@Configuration

@ComponentScan(basePackages = {"com.toby.ioc"},includeFilters = {

@ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM,value = TobyTypeFilter.class)

},useDefaultFilters = false)

public class IocConfig {

}

    2.4 @Conditional 条件注解(spring boot中大量用到)

    ① 新建2个Bean TobyA和TobyB 如下:

public class TobyA {

public TobyA() {

System.out.println("TobyA Constructor");

}

}

public class TobyB {

public TobyB() {

System.out.println("TobyB Constructor");

}

}

    ② 新建一个TobyCondition实现Condition接口

public class TobyCondition implements Condition {

private static final String TOBY_A_BEAN_NAME = "tobyA";

@Override

public boolean matches(ConditionContext context, AnnotatedTypeMetadata metadata) {

//判断容器中是否有TobyA组件

if(context.getBeanFactory().containsBean(TOBY_A_BEAN_NAME)){

return true;

}

return false;

}

}

    ③ 配置类 只有当容器中有TobyA的时候才实例化TobyB

@Configuration

public class IocConfig {

@Bean

public TobyA tobyA(){

return new TobyA();

}

@Bean

@Conditional(TobyCondition.class)

public TobyB tobyB(){

return new TobyB();

}

}

    2.5 往IOC容器中添加组件的方式

    ① 通过@ComponentScan包扫描 + @Controller、@Service、@Repository、@Component 针对我们自己写的组件可以通过该方式来加载到容器中

    ② 通过@Bean的方式来导入组件(适用于导入第三方组件)

    ③ 通过@Import

    Ⅰ 通过@Import直接导入组件(导入组件的id为全限定类名)

    配置类:

@Configuration

@Import({TobyBean.class})

public class IocConfig {

}

    Ⅱ 通过@Import的ImportSelector类实现组件的导入(导入组件的id为全限定类名),自定义的TobyImportSelector需要实现ImportSelector接口。

public class TobyImportSelector implements ImportSelector {

@Override

public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata) {

//返回全限定类名的数组

return new String[]{"com.toby.ioc.component.TobyBean"};

}

}

    配置类:

@Configuration

@Import({TobyImportSelector.class})

public class IocConfig {

}

    Ⅲ 通过@Import的ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar导入组件 (可以指定bean的名称),自定义TobyImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar实现ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar。

public class TobyImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar implements ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar {

@Override

public void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {

//创建一个bean定义对象

RootBeanDefinition rootBeanDefinition = new RootBeanDefinition(TobyBean.class);

//把bean定义对象导入到容器中

registry.registerBeanDefinition("tobyBean",rootBeanDefinition);

}

}

    配置类:

@Configuration

@Import({TobyImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar.class})

public class IocConfig {

}

    ④ 通过实现FactoryBean接口来实现注册组件

    创建一个FactoryBean,注意要获取FactoryBean本身需要在beanName前面加上&

@Component

public class TobyBeanFactoryBean implements FactoryBean<TobyBean> {

@Override

public TobyBean getObject() throws Exception {

return new TobyBean();

}

@Override

public Class<?> getObjectType() {

return TobyBean.class;

}

@Override

public boolean isSingleton() {

return false;

}

}

    单元测试:

public class FactoryBeanTest {

private AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context;

@Before

public void before(){

context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(IocConfig.class);

}

@Test

public void test(){

//获取TobyBean

System.out.println(context.getBean("tobyBeanFactoryBean"));

//如何获取TobyBeanFactoryBean

System.out.println(context.getBean("&tobyBeanFactoryBean"));

}

}

    2.6 Bean的生命周期

    由容器管理Bean的生命周期,我们可以指定bean的初始化方法和bean的销毁方法

    ① 通过@Bean的initMethod和destroyMethod属性

    新建一个LifeCycleBean1 Bean:

package com.toby.ioc.beanlifecycle;

/**

* @desc: bean生命周期1

* @author: toby

* @date: 2019/7/13 1:26

*/

public class LifeCycleBean1 {

public LifeCycleBean1(){

System.out.println("LifeCycleBean1 Constructor");

}

public void init(){

System.out.println("LifeCycleBean1 Init");

}

public void destroy(){

System.out.println("LifeCycleBean1 Destroy");

}

}

    配置类:

@Configuration

public class IocConfig {

@Bean(initMethod = "init",destroyMethod = "destroy")

public LifeCycleBean1 lifeCycleBean1(){

return new LifeCycleBean1();

}

}

    ②通过实现InitializingBean, DisposableBean2个接口

    新建一个LifeCycleBean2

package com.toby.ioc.beanlifecycle;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.DisposableBean;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**

* @desc: bean生命周期2 通过实现2个接口

* @author: toby

* @date: 2019/7/13 1:30

*/

@Component

public class LifeCycleBean2 implements InitializingBean, DisposableBean {

public LifeCycleBean2(){

System.out.println("LifeCycleBean2 Constructor");

}

@Override

public void destroy() throws Exception {

System.out.println("LifeCycleBean2 destroy");

}

@Override

public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {

System.out.println("LifeCycleBean2 afterPropertiesSet");

}

}

    ③ 通过JSR250规范提供的注解@PostConstruct和@PreDestroy标注的方法

    新建一个LifeCycleBean3

package com.toby.ioc.beanlifecycle;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;

import javax.annotation.PreDestroy;

/**

* @desc: bean生命周期3 通过2个注解

* @author: toby

* @date: 2019/7/13 1:30

*/

@Component

public class LifeCycleBean3{

public LifeCycleBean3(){

System.out.println("LifeCycleBean3 Constructor");

}

@PostConstruct

public void init(){

System.out.println("LifeCycleBean3 init");

}

@PreDestroy

public void destroy(){

System.out.println("LifeCycleBean3 destroy");

}

}

    2.7 后置处理器(很重要,后面源码解析会讲)

    ① BeanPostProcessor:也称为Bean后置处理器,它是Spring中定义的接口,在Spring容器的创建过程中(具体为Bean初始化前后)会回调BeanPostProcessor中定义的两个方法。分别是postProcessBeforeInitialization(初始化之前)和postProcessAfterInitialization(初始化之后)

    自定义TobyBeanPostProcessor后置处理器:

package com.toby.ioc.processor;

import com.toby.ioc.component.TobyBean;

import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**

* @desc: bean的后置处理器

* @author: toby

* @date: 2019/7/13 2:08

*/

@Component

public class TobyBeanPostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor {

@Override

public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {

if(bean instanceof TobyBean){

System.out.println("马上开始初始化TobyBean了,注意下");

}

return bean;

}

@Override

public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {

if(bean instanceof TobyBean){

System.out.println("初始化完成TobyBean了,注意下");

}

return bean;

}

}

    ② BeanFactoryPostProcessor:Bean工厂的后置处理器,触发时机bean定义注册之后bean实例化之前

    自定义TobyBeanFactoryPostProcessor Bean工厂的后置处理器:

package com.toby.ioc.processor;

import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanDefinition;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanFactoryPostProcessor;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableListableBeanFactory;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**

* @desc: bean工厂的后置处理器 触发时机 bean定义注册之后 bean实例化之前

* @author: toby

* @date: 2019/7/21 23:04

*/

@Component

public class TobyBeanFactoryPostProcessor implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor {

@Override

public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {

System.out.println("调用了TobyBeanFactoryPostProcessor的postProcessBeanFactory方法");

for(String beanName : beanFactory.getBeanDefinitionNames()){

if("tobyBean".equals(beanName)){

BeanDefinition beanDefinition = beanFactory.getBeanDefinition(beanName);

beanDefinition.setLazyInit(true);

}

}

}

}

    ③ BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor:Bean定义的后置处理器,它继承了BeanFactoryPostProcessor,触发时机,在bean的定义注册之前

    自定义TobyBeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor Bean定义的后置处理器

package com.toby.ioc.processor;

import com.toby.ioc.component.TobyBean;

import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableListableBeanFactory;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionRegistry;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.RootBeanDefinition;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**

* @desc: bean定义的后置处理器

* @author: toby

* @date: 2019/7/21 23:11

*/

@Component

public class TobyBeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor implements BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor {

@Override

public void postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) throws BeansException {

System.out.println("调用TobyBeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor的postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry方法");

System.out.println("bean定义的数据量:"+registry.getBeanDefinitionCount());

RootBeanDefinition rootBeanDefinition = new RootBeanDefinition(TobyBean.class);

registry.registerBeanDefinition("tobyBean",rootBeanDefinition);

}

@Override

public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {

System.out.println("调用TobyBeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor的postProcessBeanFactory方法");

System.out.println(beanFactory.getBeanDefinitionCount());

}

}

    2.8 Aware接口

    Spring提供了大量的Aware接口,使得我们可以使用Spring的一些底层提供的容器,资源比如获取ApplicationContext就可以实现ApplicationContextAware接口,获取BeanFactory就可以实现BeanFactoryAware,这些Aware接口的回调是在Bean初始化 initializeBean() 方法中进行回调的

    比如我们要使用Spring底层的ApplicationContext,则需要实现ApplicationContextAware如下:

package com.toby.ioc.aware;

import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**

* @desc: 应用中需要获取spring的上下文

* @author: toby

* @date: 2019/7/13 1:15

*/

@Component

public class TobyApplicationContextAware implements ApplicationContextAware {

/**

* spring上下文

*/

private ApplicationContext applicationContext;

@Override

public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {

System.out.println("应用程序获取到了spring 容器");

this.applicationContext = applicationContext;

}

}

    2.9 Lifecycle接口

    每个对象都有自己生命周期的需求,主要方法:isAutoStartup()返回true时,Spring容器启动时会去执行start()方法。isRunning()返回true的时候,容器销毁时会调用stop()方法。比如eruaka启动的入口就是通过实现SmartLifecycle接口来实现

    自定义TobyLifecycle实现SmartLifecycle接口:

package com.toby.ioc.lifecycle;

import org.springframework.context.SmartLifecycle;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**

* @desc: 每个对象都有自己生命周期的需求,比如eruaka启动的入口就是用这个实现的

* @author: toby

* @date: 2019/7/13 2:00

*/

@Component

public class TobyLifecycle implements SmartLifecycle {

@Override

public boolean isAutoStartup() {

return true;

}

@Override

public void stop(Runnable callback) {

}

@Override

public void start() {

System.out.println("TobyLifecycle start");

}

@Override

public void stop() {

}

@Override

public boolean isRunning() {

return false;

}

@Override

public int getPhase() {

return 0;

}

}

    2.10 自动装配

    ① @Autowired 默认情况下:首先是按照类型进行装配,若在IOC容器中发现了多个相同类型的组件,那么就按照属性名称来进行装配。

    ② @Autowired 假设我们需要指定特定的组件来进行装配,我们可以通过使用@Qualifier("tobyDao")来指定装配的组件或者在配置类上的@Bean加上@Primary注解

    @Autowired + @Qualifier:

@Service

public class TobyService {

@Autowired

@Qualifier("tobyDao")

private TobyDao tobyDao;

public TobyDao getTobyDao(){

return this.tobyDao;

}

}

    @Bean + @Primary:

@Configuration

public class IocConfig {

@Bean

@Primary

public TobyDao tobyDao(){

return new TobyDao();

}

@Bean

public TobyDao tobyDao2(){

return new TobyDao();

}

}

    ③ 假设我们指定Autowire.BY_TYPE,这时候容器出现2个及以上,那么在装配的时候就会抛出异常

@Configuration

public class PrincipleConfig {

@Bean

public PrincipleBean principleBean(){

return new PrincipleBean();

}

@Bean(autowire = Autowire.BY_TYPE)

public PrincipleAspect principleAspect(){

return new PrincipleAspect();

}

@Bean

public PrincipleLog principleLog(){

return new PrincipleLog();

}

@Bean

public PrincipleLog principleLog2(){

return new PrincipleLog();

}

}

    ④ @Resource(JSR250规范)功能和@AutoWired的功能差不多一样,但是不支持@Primary和@Qualifier的支持

    ⑤ @Inject(JSR330规范)需要导入jar包依赖功能和支持@Primary功能,但是没有Require=false的功能

  总结:通过上面的示例,对Spring IoC常用注解以及接口有一定了解,Spring系列完整代码在码云:spring系列,接下来将进入:Spring系列(三):Spring IoC源码解析(干货多多)

本文内容总结:一、Spring IoC的核心概念,二、Spring IoC的应用,  1、定义Bean的信息,  2、Spring IoC常用注解使用,

原文链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/toby-xu/p/11310127.html

以上是 Spring系列(二):Spring IoC应用 的全部内容, 来源链接: utcz.com/z/362552.html

回到顶部