Keepalived+HAProxy实现MySQL高可用负载均衡的配置

Z时代
2024-01-10
分类：综合

Keepalived

由于在生产环境使用了mysqlcluster,需要实现高可用负载均衡,这里提供了keepalived+haproxy来实现.

keepalived主要功能是实现真实机器的故障隔离及负载均衡器间的失败切换.可在第3,4,5层交换.它通过VRRPv2(Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol) stack实现的.

Layer3:Keepalived会定期向服务器群中的服务器.发送一个ICMP的数据包（既我们平时用的Ping程序）,如果发现某台服务的IP地址没有激活，Keepalived便报告这台服务器失效，并将它从服务器群中剔除，这种情况的典型例子是某台服务器被非法关机。Layer3的方式是以服务器的IP地址是否有效作为服务器工作正常与否的标准。

Layer4:主要以TCP端口的状态来决定服务器工作正常与否。如web server的服务端口一般是80，如果Keepalived检测到80端口没有启动，则Keepalived将把这台服务器从服务器群中剔除。

Layer5:在网络上占用的带宽也要大一些。Keepalived将根据用户的设定检查服务器程序的运行是否正常，如果与用户的设定不相符，则Keepalived将把服务器从服务器群中剔除。

Software Design

keepalived启动后会有单个进程

8352 ? Ss 0:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived

8353 ? S 0:00 \_ /usr/sbin/keepalived

8356 ? S 0:01 \_ /usr/sbin/keepalived

父进程:内存管理,子进程管理等等

子进程:VRRP子进程

子进程:Healthchecking 子进程

实例

2台mysqlcluster 10.1.6.203 master 10.1.6.205 backup

vip 10.1.6.173

目的访问10.1.6.173 3366端口分别轮询通过haproxy转发到10.1.6.203 3306 和10.1.6.205 3306

mysqlcluster搭建参照之前博客,这里在2台机上安装keepalived

root@10.1.6.203:~# apt-get install keepalived

root@10.1.6.203:~# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

vrrp_script chk_haproxy {

script "killall -0 haproxy" # verify the pid existance

interval 2 # check every 2 seconds

weight -2 # add 2 points of prio if OK

}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {

interface eth1 # interface to monitor

state MASTER

virtual_router_id 51 # Assign one ID for this route

priority 101 # 101 on master, 100 on backup

nopreempt

debug

virtual_ipaddress {

10.1.6.173

}

track_script { #注意大括号空格

chk_haproxy

}

notify_master /etc/keepalived/scripts/start_haproxy.sh #表示当切换到master状态时,要执行的脚本

notify_fault /etc/keepalived/scripts/stop_keepalived.sh #故障时执行的脚本

notify_stop /etc/keepalived/scripts/stop_haproxy.sh #keepalived停止运行前运行notify_stop指定的脚本 }

VRRPD配置包括三个类:

VRRP同步组(synchroization group)

VRRP实例(VRRP Instance)

VRRP脚本

这里使用了 VRRP实例, VRRP脚本

注意配置选项:

stat:指定instance(Initial)的初始状态，就是说在配置好后，这台服务器的初始状态就是这里指定的，但这里指定的不算，还是得要通过竞选通过优先级来确定，里如果这里设置为master，但如若他的优先级不及另外一台，那么这台在发送通告时，会发送自己的优先级，另外一台发现优先级不如自己的高，那么他会就回抢占为master

interface：实例绑定的网卡，因为在配置虚拟IP的时候必须是在已有的网卡上添加的

priority 101：设置本节点的优先级，优先级高的为master

debug：debug级别

nopreempt:设置为不抢占

vrrp_script chk_haproxy {

script "killall -0 haproxy" # verify the pid existance

interval 2 # check every 2 seconds 脚本执行间隔

weight -2 # add 2 points of prio if OK 脚本结果导致的优先级变更：2表示优先级+2；-2则表示优先级-2

}

然后在实例(vrrp_instance)里面引用，有点类似脚本里面的函数引用一样：先定义，后引用函数名


    track_script {
        chk_haproxy
    }

注意：VRRP脚本(vrrp_script)和VRRP实例(vrrp_instance)属于同一个级别


root@10.1.6.203:scripts# cat start_haproxy.sh 
#!/bin/bash
sleep 5
get=`ip addr |grep 10.1.6.173 |wc -l`
echo $get >> /etc/keepalived/scripts/start_ha.log
if [ $get -eq 1 ]
then
    echo "`date +%c` success to get vip" >> /etc/keepalived/scripts/start_ha.log
    /usr/local/sbin/haproxy -f /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
else
    echo "`date +%c` can not get vip" >> /etc/keepalived/scripts/start_ha.log
fi
root@10.1.6.203:scripts# cat stop_keepalived.sh 
#!/bin/bash
pid=`pidof keepalived`
if [ $pid == "" ]
then
  echo "`date +%c` no keepalived process id" >> /etc/keepalived/scripts/stop_keep.log
else
  echo "`date +%c` will stop keepalived " >> /etc/keepalived/scripts/stop_keep.log
  /etc/init.d/keepalived stop
fi
/etc/init.d/keepalived stop
root@10.1.6.203:scripts# cat stop_haproxy.sh 
#!/bin/bash
pid=`pidof haproxy`
echo "`date +%c` stop haproxy" >> /etc/keepalived/scripts/stop_ha.log
kill -9 $pid

同理配置10.1.6.205

root@10.1.6.205:~# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

vrrp_script chk_haproxy {

script "killall -0 haproxy" # verify the pid existance

interval 2 # check every 2 seconds

weight 2 # add 2 points of prio if OK

}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {

interface eth1 # interface to monitor

state BACKUP

virtual_router_id 51 # Assign one ID for this route

priority 100 # 101 on master, 100 on backup

virtual_ipaddress {

10.1.6.173

}

track_script {

chk_haproxy

}

notify_master /etc/keepalived/scripts/start_haproxy.sh

notify_fault /etc/keepalived/scripts/stop_keepalived.sh

notify_stop /etc/keepalived/scripts/stop_haproxy.sh

}

HAProxy

下面再介绍下haproxy

HAProxy是一款基于TCP(第四层)和HTTP(第七层)应用的代理软件,它也可作为负载均衡器.可以支持数以万计的并发连接.同时可以保护服务器不暴露到网络上,通过端口映射.它还自带监控服务器状态的页面.

安装haproxy

wget -O/tmp/haproxy-1.4.22.tar.gz http://haproxy.1wt.eu/download/1.4/src/haproxy-1.4.22.tar.gz

tar xvfz /tmp/haproxy-1.4.22.tar.gz -C /tmp/

cd /tmp/haproxy-1.4.22

make TARGET=linux26

make install

haproxy需要对每一个mysqlcluster服务器进行健康检查

1.在2台主机分别配置haproxy.cfg

root@10.1.6.203:scripts# cat /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg

global

maxconn 51200 #默认最大连接数

#uid 99

#gid 99

daemon #以后台形式运行haproxy

#quiet

nbproc 1 #进程数量(可以设置多个进程提高性能)

pidfile /etc/haproxy/haproxy.pid #haproxy的pid存放路径,启动进程的用户必须有权限访问此文件

defaults

mode tcp #所处理的类别 (#7层 http;4层tcp )

option redispatch #serverId对应的服务器挂掉后,强制定向到其他健康的服务器

option abortonclose #当服务器负载很高的时候，自动结束掉当前队列处理比较久的连接

timeout connect 5000s #连接超时

timeout client 50000s #客户端超时

timeout server 50000s #服务器超时

log 127.0.0.1 local0 #错误日志记录

balance roundrobin #默认的负载均衡的方式,轮询方式

listen proxy

bind 10.1.6.173:3366 #监听端口

mode tcp #http的7层模式

option httpchk #心跳检测的文件

server db1 10.1.6.203:3306 weight 1 check port 9222 inter 12000 rise 3 fall 3 #服务器定义,check inter 12000是检测心跳频率 rise 3是3次正确认为服务器可用， fall 3是3次失败认为服务器不可用，weight代表权重

server db2 10.1.6.205:3306 weight 1 check port 9222 inter 12000 rise 3 fall 3

listen haproxy_stats

mode http

bind 10.1.6.173:8888

option httplog

stats refresh 5s

stats uri /status #网站健康检测URL，用来检测HAProxy管理的网站是否可以用，正常返回200，不正常返回503

stats realm Haproxy Manager

stats auth admin:p@a1SZs24 #账号密码

root@10.1.6.205:~$ cat /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg

global

maxconn 51200

#uid 99

#gid 99

daemon

#quiet

nbproc 1

pidfile /etc/haproxy/haproxy.pid

defaults

mode tcp

option redispatch

option abortonclose

timeout connect 5000s

timeout client 50000s

timeout server 50000s

log 127.0.0.1 local0

balance roundrobin

listen proxy

bind 10.1.6.173:3366

mode tcp

option httpchk

server db1 10.1.6.203:3306 weight 1 check port 9222 inter 12000 rise 3 fall 3

server db2 10.1.6.205:3306 weight 1 check port 9222 inter 12000 rise 3 fall 3

listen haproxy_stats

mode http

bind 10.1.6.173:8888

option httplog

stats refresh 5s

stats uri /status

stats realm Haproxy Manager

stats auth admin:p@a1SZs24

2.安装xinetd

root@10.1.6.203:~# apt-get install xinetd

3.在每个节点添加xinetd服务脚本和mysqlchk端口号


root@10.1.6.203:~# vim /etc/xinetd.d/mysqlchk 
# default: on
# description: mysqlchk
service mysqlchk         #需要在servive定义
{
    flags      = REUSE
    socket_type   = stream
    port      = 9222
    wait      = no
    user      = nobody
    server     = /opt/mysqlchk 
    log_on_failure += USERID
    disable     = no
    per_source   = UNLIMITED
    bind      = 10.1.6.173
}
root@10.1.6.203:~# vim /etc/services 
mysqlchk    9222/tcp            # mysqlchk

4.编写mysqlchk监控服务脚本


root@10.1.6.203:~# ls -l /opt/mysqlchk 
-rwxr--r-- 1 nobody root 1994 2013-09-17 11:27 /opt/mysqlchk
root@10.1.6.203:~# cat /opt/mysqlchk 
#!/bin/bash
#
# This script checks if a mysql server is healthy running on localhost. It will
# return:
# "HTTP/1.x 200 OK\r" (if mysql is running smoothly)
# - OR -
# "HTTP/1.x 500 Internal Server Error\r" (else)
#
# The purpose of this script is make haproxy capable of monitoring mysql properly
#
MYSQL_HOST="localhost"
MYSQL_SOCKET="/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock"
MYSQL_USERNAME="mysqlchkusr"   #该账户密码需要在mysql里添加
MYSQL_PASSWORD="secret"
MYSQL_OPTS="-N -q -A"
TMP_FILE="/dev/shm/mysqlchk.$$.out"
ERR_FILE="/dev/shm/mysqlchk.$$.err"
FORCE_FAIL="/dev/shm/proxyoff"
MYSQL_BIN="/opt/mysqlcluster/mysql-cluster-gpl-7.2.6-linux2.6-x86_64/bin/mysql"
CHECK_QUERY="select 1"
preflight_check()
{
  for I in "$TMP_FILE" "$ERR_FILE"; do
    if [ -f "$I" ]; then
      if [ ! -w $I ]; then
        echo -e "HTTP/1.1 503 Service Unavailable\r\n"
        echo -e "Content-Type: Content-Type: text/plain\r\n"
        echo -e "\r\n"
        echo -e "Cannot write to $I\r\n"
        echo -e "\r\n"
        exit 1
      fi
    fi
  done
}
return_ok()
{
  echo -e "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
  echo -e "Content-Type: text/html\r\n"
  echo -e "Content-Length: 43\r\n"
  echo -e "\r\n"
  echo -e "<html><body>MySQL is running.</body></html>\r\n"
  echo -e "\r\n"
  rm $ERR_FILE $TMP_FILE
  exit 0
}
return_fail()
{
  echo -e "HTTP/1.1 503 Service Unavailable\r\n"
  echo -e "Content-Type: text/html\r\n"
  echo -e "Content-Length: 42\r\n"
  echo -e "\r\n"
  echo -e "<html><body>MySQL is *down*.</body></html>\r\n"
  sed -e 's/\n$/\r\n/' $ERR_FILE
  echo -e "\r\n"
  rm $ERR_FILE $TMP_FILE
  exit 1
}
preflight_check
if [ -f "$FORCE_FAIL" ]; then
    echo "$FORCE_FAIL found" > $ERR_FILE
    return_fail;
fi
$MYSQL_BIN $MYSQL_OPTS --host=$MYSQL_HOST --socket=$MYSQL_SOCKET --user=$MYSQL_USERNAME --password=$MYSQL_PASSWORD -e "$CHECK_QUERY" > $TMP_FILE 2> $ERR_FILE
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
    return_fail;
fi
return_ok;

测试

2个节点开启keepalived(主节点会获得vip,自动拉起haproxy),xinetd

root@10.1.6.203:~# ip add

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN

link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo

2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN qlen 1000

link/ether 00:26:b9:36:0f:81 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 211.151.105.186/26 brd 211.151.105.191 scope global eth0

3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

link/ether 00:26:b9:36:0f:83 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 10.1.6.203/24 brd 10.1.6.255 scope global eth1

inet 10.1.6.173/32 scope global eth1

4: eth2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN qlen 1000

link/ether 00:26:b9:36:0f:85 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

5: eth3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN qlen 1000

link/ether 00:26:b9:36:0f:87 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

root@10.1.6.203:~# netstat -tunlp | grep ha

tcp 0 0 10.1.6.173:3366 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1042/haproxy

tcp 0 0 10.1.6.203:8888 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1042/haproxy

udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:56562 0.0.0.0:* 1042/haproxy

root@10.1.6.203:~# netstat -tunlp | grep xine

tcp 0 0 10.1.6.203:9222 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 30897/xinetd

root@10.1.6.203:~# ps -ef | grep haproxy

root 1042 1 0 Sep17 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/sbin/haproxy -f /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg

测试:

通过vip10.1.6.173 3366访问cluster数据库(注意账户dave权限需要加3个ip10.1.6.203,10.1.6.205,10.1.6.173)


root@10.1.6.203:mgm# mysql -udave -p -h 10.1.6.173 -P 3366
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1344316
Server version: 5.5.22-ndb-7.2.6-gpl-log MySQL Cluster Community Server (GPL)
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database      |
+--------------------+
| information_schema | 
| dave       | 
| test        | 
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql>