Zend Framework教程之动作的基类Zend_Controller_Action详解

本文实例讲述了Zend Framework教程之动作的基类Zend_Controller_Action。分享给大家供大家参考,具体如下:

Zend_Controller_Action的实现

Zend Framework的动作控制器需要继承Zend_Controller_Action,Zend_Controller_Action提供了动作控制器的基本功能,具体参考如下代码:

Zend_Controller_Action_Interface

<?php

interface Zend_Controller_Action_Interface

{

/**

* Class constructor

*

* The request and response objects should be registered with the

* controller, as should be any additional optional arguments; these will be

* available via {@link getRequest()}, {@link getResponse()}, and

* {@link getInvokeArgs()}, respectively.

*

* When overriding the constructor, please consider this usage as a best

* practice and ensure that each is registered appropriately; the easiest

* way to do so is to simply call parent::__construct($request, $response,

* $invokeArgs).

*

* After the request, response, and invokeArgs are set, the

* {@link $_helper helper broker} is initialized.

*

* Finally, {@link init()} is called as the final action of

* instantiation, and may be safely overridden to perform initialization

* tasks; as a general rule, override {@link init()} instead of the

* constructor to customize an action controller's instantiation.

*

* @param Zend_Controller_Request_Abstract $request

* @param Zend_Controller_Response_Abstract $response

* @param array $invokeArgs Any additional invocation arguments

* @return void

*/

public function __construct(Zend_Controller_Request_Abstract $request,

Zend_Controller_Response_Abstract $response,

array $invokeArgs = array());

/**

* Dispatch the requested action

*

* @param string $action Method name of action

* @return void

*/

public function dispatch($action);

}

Zend_Controller_Action

<?php

require_once 'Zend/Controller/Action/HelperBroker.php';

require_once 'Zend/Controller/Action/Interface.php';

require_once 'Zend/Controller/Front.php';

abstract class Zend_Controller_Action implements Zend_Controller_Action_Interface

{

protected $_classMethods;

protected $_delimiters;

protected $_invokeArgs = array();

protected $_frontController;

protected $_request = null;

protected $_response = null;

public $viewSuffix = 'phtml';

public $view;

protected $_helper = null;

public function __construct(Zend_Controller_Request_Abstract $request, Zend_Controller_Response_Abstract $response, array $invokeArgs = array())

{

$this->setRequest($request)

->setResponse($response)

->_setInvokeArgs($invokeArgs);

$this->_helper = new Zend_Controller_Action_HelperBroker($this);

$this->init();

}

public function init()

{

}

public function initView()

{

if (!$this->getInvokeArg('noViewRenderer') && $this->_helper->hasHelper('viewRenderer')) {

return $this->view;

}

require_once 'Zend/View/Interface.php';

if (isset($this->view) && ($this->view instanceof Zend_View_Interface)) {

return $this->view;

}

$request = $this->getRequest();

$module = $request->getModuleName();

$dirs = $this->getFrontController()->getControllerDirectory();

if (empty($module) || !isset($dirs[$module])) {

$module = $this->getFrontController()->getDispatcher()->getDefaultModule();

}

$baseDir = dirname($dirs[$module]) . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . 'views';

if (!file_exists($baseDir) || !is_dir($baseDir)) {

require_once 'Zend/Controller/Exception.php';

throw new Zend_Controller_Exception('Missing base view directory ("' . $baseDir . '")');

}

require_once 'Zend/View.php';

$this->view = new Zend_View(array('basePath' => $baseDir));

return $this->view;

}

public function render($action = null, $name = null, $noController = false)

{

if (!$this->getInvokeArg('noViewRenderer') && $this->_helper->hasHelper('viewRenderer')) {

return $this->_helper->viewRenderer->render($action, $name, $noController);

}

$view = $this->initView();

$script = $this->getViewScript($action, $noController);

$this->getResponse()->appendBody(

$view->render($script),

$name

);

}

public function renderScript($script, $name = null)

{

if (!$this->getInvokeArg('noViewRenderer') && $this->_helper->hasHelper('viewRenderer')) {

return $this->_helper->viewRenderer->renderScript($script, $name);

}

$view = $this->initView();

$this->getResponse()->appendBody(

$view->render($script),

$name

);

}

public function getViewScript($action = null, $noController = null)

{

if (!$this->getInvokeArg('noViewRenderer') && $this->_helper->hasHelper('viewRenderer')) {

$viewRenderer = $this->_helper->getHelper('viewRenderer');

if (null !== $noController) {

$viewRenderer->setNoController($noController);

}

return $viewRenderer->getViewScript($action);

}

$request = $this->getRequest();

if (null === $action) {

$action = $request->getActionName();

} elseif (!is_string($action)) {

require_once 'Zend/Controller/Exception.php';

throw new Zend_Controller_Exception('Invalid action specifier for view render');

}

if (null === $this->_delimiters) {

$dispatcher = Zend_Controller_Front::getInstance()->getDispatcher();

$wordDelimiters = $dispatcher->getWordDelimiter();

$pathDelimiters = $dispatcher->getPathDelimiter();

$this->_delimiters = array_unique(array_merge($wordDelimiters, (array) $pathDelimiters));

}

$action = str_replace($this->_delimiters, '-', $action);

$script = $action . '.' . $this->viewSuffix;

if (!$noController) {

$controller = $request->getControllerName();

$controller = str_replace($this->_delimiters, '-', $controller);

$script = $controller . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $script;

}

return $script;

}

public function getRequest()

{

return $this->_request;

}

public function setRequest(Zend_Controller_Request_Abstract $request)

{

$this->_request = $request;

return $this;

}

public function getResponse()

{

return $this->_response;

}

public function setResponse(Zend_Controller_Response_Abstract $response)

{

$this->_response = $response;

return $this;

}

protected function _setInvokeArgs(array $args = array())

{

$this->_invokeArgs = $args;

return $this;

}

public function getInvokeArgs()

{

return $this->_invokeArgs;

}

public function getInvokeArg($key)

{

if (isset($this->_invokeArgs[$key])) {

return $this->_invokeArgs[$key];

}

return null;

}

public function getHelper($helperName)

{

return $this->_helper->{$helperName};

}

public function getHelperCopy($helperName)

{

return clone $this->_helper->{$helperName};

}

public function setFrontController(Zend_Controller_Front $front)

{

$this->_frontController = $front;

return $this;

}

public function getFrontController()

{

// Used cache version if found

if (null !== $this->_frontController) {

return $this->_frontController;

}

// Grab singleton instance, if class has been loaded

if (class_exists('Zend_Controller_Front')) {

$this->_frontController = Zend_Controller_Front::getInstance();

return $this->_frontController;

}

// Throw exception in all other cases

require_once 'Zend/Controller/Exception.php';

throw new Zend_Controller_Exception('Front controller class has not been loaded');

}

public function preDispatch()

{

}

public function postDispatch()

{

}

public function __call($methodName, $args)

{

require_once 'Zend/Controller/Action/Exception.php';

if ('Action' == substr($methodName, -6)) {

$action = substr($methodName, 0, strlen($methodName) - 6);

throw new Zend_Controller_Action_Exception(sprintf('Action "%s" does not exist and was not trapped in __call()', $action), 404);

}

throw new Zend_Controller_Action_Exception(sprintf('Method "%s" does not exist and was not trapped in __call()', $methodName), 500);

}

public function dispatch($action)

{

// Notify helpers of action preDispatch state

$this->_helper->notifyPreDispatch();

$this->preDispatch();

if ($this->getRequest()->isDispatched()) {

if (null === $this->_classMethods) {

$this->_classMethods = get_class_methods($this);

}

// If pre-dispatch hooks introduced a redirect then stop dispatch

// @see ZF-7496

if (!($this->getResponse()->isRedirect())) {

// preDispatch() didn't change the action, so we can continue

if ($this->getInvokeArg('useCaseSensitiveActions') || in_array($action, $this->_classMethods)) {

if ($this->getInvokeArg('useCaseSensitiveActions')) {

trigger_error('Using case sensitive actions without word separators is deprecated; please do not rely on this "feature"');

}

$this->$action();

} else {

$this->__call($action, array());

}

}

$this->postDispatch();

}

// whats actually important here is that this action controller is

// shutting down, regardless of dispatching; notify the helpers of this

// state

$this->_helper->notifyPostDispatch();

}

public function run(Zend_Controller_Request_Abstract $request = null, Zend_Controller_Response_Abstract $response = null)

{

if (null !== $request) {

$this->setRequest($request);

} else {

$request = $this->getRequest();

}

if (null !== $response) {

$this->setResponse($response);

}

$action = $request->getActionName();

if (empty($action)) {

$action = 'index';

}

$action = $action . 'Action';

$request->setDispatched(true);

$this->dispatch($action);

return $this->getResponse();

}

protected function _getParam($paramName, $default = null)

{

$value = $this->getRequest()->getParam($paramName);

if ((null === $value || '' === $value) && (null !== $default)) {

$value = $default;

}

return $value;

}

protected function _setParam($paramName, $value)

{

$this->getRequest()->setParam($paramName, $value);

return $this;

}

protected function _hasParam($paramName)

{

return null !== $this->getRequest()->getParam($paramName);

}

protected function _getAllParams()

{

return $this->getRequest()->getParams();

}

final protected function _forward($action, $controller = null, $module = null, array $params = null)

{

$request = $this->getRequest();

if (null !== $params) {

$request->setParams($params);

}

if (null !== $controller) {

$request->setControllerName($controller);

// Module should only be reset if controller has been specified

if (null !== $module) {

$request->setModuleName($module);

}

}

$request->setActionName($action)

->setDispatched(false);

}

protected function _redirect($url, array $options = array())

{

$this->_helper->redirector->gotoUrl($url, $options);

}

}

Zend_Controller_Action提供了动作和视图的render功能,以及注册请求和响应对象,常用助手等等。

动作控制器的常用方法

在动作控制器中常用的方法和属性如下:

$this->_helper主要完成助手的相关操作例如:

// 只是局部控制器;当初始化加载时,对这个控制器的所有动作有效:

$this->_helper->viewRenderer->setNoRender(true);

// 全局:

$this->_helper->removeHelper('viewRenderer');

// 也是全局,但需要和本地版本协作,以便繁殖这个控制器:

Zend_Controller_Front::getInstance()->setParam('noViewRenderer', true);

通过设置ViewRenderer的noRender标记,可以简单地为一个独立的视图禁止解析(rendering):

class FooController extends Zend_Controller_Action

{

public function barAction()

{

// disable autorendering for this action only:

$this->_helper->viewRenderer->setNoRender();

}

}

禁止ViewRenderer的主要原因是如果你不需要视图对象或者如果你不通过视图脚本(例如,当使用动作控制器来司服网站服务协议如SOAP,XML-RPC或REST)来解析。大多数情况下,你不需要全局地禁止ViewRenderer,只选择性地在个别控制器或动作里禁止它。

请求对象和响应对象的相关操作

无数的对象和变量与对象一起注册,并且每个都有访问器方法。

请求对象:getRequest()可用来读取调用动作请求对象。

响应对象: getResponse()可用来读取收集最终响应的响应对象。一些典型的调用看起来象这样:

$this->getResponse()->setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/xml');

$this->getResponse()->appendBody($content);

调用参数:前端控制器可能把参数传给路由器、派遣器和动作控制器。为了读取这些参数,可使用getInvokeArg($key);另外,用getInvokeArgs()读取整个参数列表。

请求参数:请求对象手机请求参数,如任何_GET 或 _POST 参数,或者指定在URL的路径信息里的用户参数。为了读取这些参数,可使用_getParam($key)或_getAllParams()。也可以用_setParam()来设置请求参数;当转发到另外的动作时这很有用。

用_hasParam($key)来测试是否一个参数存在(对逻辑分支有用)。

Note: _getParam()可带有一个可选的第二个参数,如果它不是空的,就包含一个缺省的值。用它在读取值之前来消除对_hasParam() 的调用:

// Use default value of 1 if id is not set

$id = $this->_getParam('id', 1);

// Instead of:

if ($this->_hasParam('id') {

$id = $this->_getParam('id');

} else {

$id = 1;

}

视图的相关操作

Zend_Controller_Action为视图继承提供了一个初步的灵活的机制。有两个方法来完成这个:initView() 和 render();前者松散地加载$view public 属性,后者基于当前请求的动作来解析视图,它们使用目录层次来决定脚本路径。

视图初始化

initView()初始化视图对象。为了读取视图对象,render()调用initView(),但它可以在任何时候被初始化;缺省地,它用Zend_View对象来组装$view属性,但任何实现Zend_View_Interface的类可以使用。如果$view已经被初始化,它就简单地返回属性。

缺省的实现使用下面假设的目录结构:

applicationOrModule/

    controllers/

        IndexController.php

    views/

        scripts/

            index/

                index.phtml

        helpers/

        filters/

换句话说,视图脚本假定放在views/scripts/子目录,同时假定 views子目录还包含兄弟功能(助手和过滤器)。确定视图脚本名称和路径时,先以 views/scripts/作为基路径,然后加上以视图脚本对应控制器命名的目录。

解析(Rendering)视图

render() 有下列特征:has the following signature:

string render(string $action = null,

string $name = null,

bool $noController = false);

render()解析视图脚本。如果没有传递参数,它假定请求的脚本是[controller]/[action].phtml (.phtml是$viewSuffix属性的值)。为$action传递一个值将解析在[controller]子目录中的模板。为用[controller]重写,传递一个true值给$noController。最后,模板被解析到响应对象;如果你希望解析到一个在响应对象里指定的named segment,传递一个值给$name。

Note: 因为控制器和动作名字里可能包含分隔符如'_'、 '.' 和 '-',当决定视图名字时,render()把它们规格化成 '-'.在内部,它使用派遣器的字和路径分隔符来做规格化。这样,对/foo.bar/baz-bat的请求将解析脚本foo-bar/baz-bat.phtml。如果动作方法包含camelCasing,记住当决定视图脚本文件名的时候,这将变成由'-'分隔的字。

一些例子:

class MyController extends Zend_Controller_Action

{

public function fooAction()

{

// Renders my/foo.phtml

$this->render();

// Renders my/bar.phtml

$this->render('bar');

// Renders baz.phtml

$this->render('baz', null, true);

// Renders my/login.phtml to the 'form' segment of the

// response object

$this->render('login', 'form');

// Renders site.phtml to the 'page' segment of the response

// object; does not use the 'my/' subirectory

$this->render('site', 'page', true);

}

public function bazBatAction()

{

// Renders my/baz-bat.phtml

$this->render();

}

}

其它

_forward($action, $controller = null, $module = null, array $params = null) :执行另外一个动作。如果在preDispatch()里调用,当前请求的动作将被跳过来支持新的动作。否则,在当前动作被处理之后,在_forward()请求的动作将被执行。

_redirect($url, array $options = array()):重定向到另外一个地方。这个方法用URL和一组可选的选项。缺省地,它执行HTTP 302 重定向。

选项可包括一个或多个下面这些:

exit:是否立即退出。如果被请求,它将干净地关闭任何打开的会话和执行重定向。

可以用setRedirectExit()访问器在控制器里全局地设置这个选项。

prependBase:是否预先考虑基础URL和URL提供的请求对象一起注册。

使用setRedirectPrependBase()访问器,在控制器里全局地设置这个选项。

code:在重定向时要用什么HTTP代码。缺省使用302;可以用从301到306之间的任何代码。

使用setRedirectCode()访问器,在控制器里全局地设置这个选项。

扩展自定义Zend_Controller_Action

为了创建动作控制器,设计上,Zend_Controller_Action 必须被继承。至少,需要定义控制器可能调用的动作方法。

除了为web应用程序创建有用的函数外,你可能发现在不同的控制器里重复同样的设置和实用方法;如果这样,创建一个继承(extends)Zend_Controller_Action 的基础类可能会解决问题。

Example #1 如何处理不存在的动作

如果控制器的请求包括一个未定义的动作方法,Zend_Controller_Action::__call()将被调用。__call()当然是PHP中用来重载方法的魔术方法。

缺省地,这个方法抛出一个Zend_Controller_Action_Exception 来表明在控制器里没有发现要求的方法。如果要求的方法以'Action'结尾,就假设一个动作被请求并且不存在;这样的错误导致带有代码为 404 的异常。所有其它方法导致带有代码为 500 的异常。这使你很容易地在错误句柄里区分是页面没有发现还是程序错误。

如果想执行其它操作,你应该重写这个函数。例如,如果你想显示错误信息,可以象下面这样来写:

class MyController extends Zend_Controller_Action

{

public function __call($method, $args)

{

if ('Action' == substr($method, -6)) {

// If the action method was not found, render the error

// template

return $this->render('error');

}

// all other methods throw an exception

throw new Exception('Invalid method "'

. $method

. '" called',

500);

}

}

另外的可能性就是你可能想转发到缺省控制页面:

class MyController extends Zend_Controller_Action

{

public function indexAction()

{

$this->render();

}

public function __call($method, $args)

{

if ('Action' == substr($method, -6)) {

// If the action method was not found, forward to the

// index action

return $this->_forward('index');

}

// all other methods throw an exception

throw new Exception('Invalid method "'

. $method

. '" called',

500);

}

}

为了定制控制器,除了重写__call()以外,本章前面说涉及的初始化、实用程序、访问器、视图和派遣钩子等方法都可以被重写。作为例子,如果把视图对象保存到注册表里,你可能想用象下面的代码来修改initView():

abstract class My_Base_Controller extends Zend_Controller_Action

{

public function initView()

{

if (null === $this->view) {

if (Zend_Registry::isRegistered('view')) {

$this->view = Zend_Registry::get('view');

} else {

$this->view = new Zend_View();

$this->view->setBasePath(dirname(__FILE__) . '/../views');

}

}

return $this->view;

}

}

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